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1 of 74 Revision: 073114
Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 1
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Hazardous MaterialsN.F.P.A. 472 – 2013
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Chapter 3 / Recognizing and Identifying the Hazards
June 2011
Slide 2
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Chapter 3
Objectives
• Describe occupancies that
may contain Hazardous
Materials. NFPA 4.2.1 (5)
• Understand how to use
senses to detect the
presence of Hazardous
Materials.
• Describe specific container
shapes/types that may
indicate Hazardous
Materials.
• Describe shipping and
storage tanks that could
hold Hazardous Materials.
• Describe apparatuses that
can transport Hazardous
Materials.
• Identify product, owner,
and emergency telephone
number on a pipeline
marker.
Slide 3
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
• Describe CHEMTREC
and the National
Response Center.
• Describe how to identify
criminal or terrorist
activity involving
chemical, biological, or
radiological agents.
• Describe how to identify
an illicit laboratory, as
well as explosive and
secondary devices.
• Describe how to identify a
placard, label, and
marking.
• Describe the NFPA 704
hazard identification
system.
• Describe how to use the
Emergency Response
Guidebook (ERG).
• Describe material safety
data sheets (MSDS) and
shipping papers.
Chapter 3
Objectives
Slide 4
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Intent
Severity and Complexity
Crime Scene Management
Incident Command
Secondary Devices
Attacks and Armed Resistance
NFPA 4.2.1(4)
Differences between Hazardous Materials / WMD
Incidents and other Emergencies.
RecognizingHazardous Materials / WMD Incidents
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 5
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Potential for doing great harm effects are
far reaching and severe
Responders must be trained and equipped
Long term effects
People
Property
Environment
NFPA 4.2.1(4)
RecognizingHazardous Materials / WMD Incidents
4.2.1(4) continued
Potential for doing great harm since effects are far reaching and
severe.
Responders must be specifically trained and equipped to deal with
them properly.
Often have long term effects to the environment, people and
property.
Slide 6
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Differences between a
chemical and a biological incident.
NFPA 4.2.1(14)
RecognizingHazardous Materials / WMD Incidents
4.2.1(14) Describe the difference between a chemical and a
biological incident.
A.4.2.1(14) A chemical incident is characterized by a rapid onset
of medical symptoms (minutes to hours) and can have observed
signatures such as colored residue, dead foliage, pungent odor, and
dead insect and animal life. With biological incidents, the onset of
symptoms usually requires days to weeks, and there are typically no
characteristic signatures because biological agents are usually
odorless and colorless. The area affected can be greater due to the
migration of infected individuals because of the delayed onset of
symptoms. An infected person could transmit the disease to another
person.
Slide 7
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Weapons Depots
Flight Line
Hospitals
Maintenance
Facilities
Warehouses
Laboratories
Tank Farms
Truck Terminals
NFPA 4.2.1(5)
Typical occupancies and locations in the
community where hazardous materials / WMD
are manufactured, transported, stored, used,
or disposed of.
RecognizingHazardous Materials / WMD Incidents
4.2.1(5) continued
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 8
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Sight Corrosive Actions
Chemical Reactions
Pooling Liquids
Condensation Lines
on Pressure Tanks
Injured Victims or
Casualties
Fire or Vapor Cloud
Sound Hissing of Pressure
Release
Pinging of Heated
Metal
Odor Gas Leaks
Fire or Vapor Cloud
NFPA 4.2.1(11)
RecognizingHazardous Materials / WMD Incidents
4.2.1(11) Clues of Hazardous Materials using the following senses;
• Sight
• Visible corrosive actions
• Chemical reactions
• Pooling liquids
• Condensation lines on pressure tanks
• Injured victims or casualties
• Fire or vapor cloud
• Sound - hissing of pressure releases
• Odor
• Gas leaks
• Fire or vapor cloud
Slide 9
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Limitations of using the senses in determining
the presence or absence of Hazardous
Materials / WMD.
Sight – Injury (too close)
Smell – Injury / Death
Touch – Injury / Death
Taste – Injury / Death
NFPA 4.2.1(12)
RecognizingHazardous Materials / WMD Incidents
4.2.1(12) Describe the limitations of using the senses in
determining the presence or absence of hazardous
materials/WMD.
Can’t Teach “Common Sense”
Close enough to see - risk of injury
Close enough to smell - risk of injury
Touching may cause injury
Taste - not recommended, may taste good – Heavenly Good
Caution must be used at all times
Some materials de-sensitize or deaden the senses and personnel
would not be aware of danger
Slide 10
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Use your SENSES wisely
Initially, Stay a Distance Away from
the IncidentLOOK
LISTEN
DO NOT “lead with your NOSE”
NFPA 4.2.1(12)
RecognizingHazardous Materials / WMD Incidents
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 11
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Targets Hazards for Criminal or Terrorist
activity using Hazardous Materials / WMD.
NFPA 4.2.1(13)
Locations: (But not limited to)
Public Assembly Areas
Public Buildings
Mass Transit Systems
Places with High Economic Impact
Telecommunications Facilities
Places of Historical or Symbolic Significance
Military Installations
Airports
Industrial Facilities
RecognizingHazardous Materials / WMD Incidents
4.2.1(13) Identify at least four types of locations that could be
targets for criminal or terrorist activity using hazardous
materials/WMD.
Slide 12
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Identify typical container shapes that
can indicate hazardous materials.
NFPA 4.2.1(6)
IdentificationContainers
4.2.1(6) Identify typical container shapes that can indicate the
presence of hazardous materials/WMD.
Slide 13
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Bulk vs. Non-Bulk
BulkPackaging, other than a Vessel or
barge, in which materials are loaded
with no intermediate form of
containment;Greater than 119 Gals. LiquidGreater that 882 pounds or 119 galsfor a solidGreater than 1,001 pounds –Compressed Gas Water Capacity
Non- BulkPackaging that is smaller
than the minimum
criteria established for
bulk packaging;Less than the amounts asidentified for Bulk
Drums, Boxes, Carboysand Bags are examples
NFPA 4.2.1(6)
IdentificationContainers
4.2.1(6) Identify typical container shapes that can indicate the
presence of hazardous materials/WMD.
Students need to understand the difference between Bulk and Non-
Bulk Packaging
Bulk
Packaging, other than a Vessel or barge, in which materials are
loaded with no
intermediate form of containment;
• Greater than 119 Gals. Liquid
• Greater that 882 pounds or 119 gals for a solid
• Greater than 1,001 pounds for Compressed Gas Water Capacity
Non- Bulk
Packaging that is smaller than the minimum criteria established for
bulk packaging;
Less than the amounts as identified for Bulk:
Less than 119 Gals. / 882 or Less Solids / 1001 Compressed Gas
Water or Less
• Drums, Boxes, Carboys and Bags are examples
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 14
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Determinations for Bulk and Non-bulk Shipping Containers
Liquid
Gas
Solids
WMD
General Shapes of Containers
NFPA 5.2.1.1
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1* Given three examples each of liquid, gas, and solid
hazardous material or
WMD, including various hazard classes, operations level personnel
shall identify the general shapes of containers in which the
hazardous materials/WMD are typically found.
A.5.2.1.1 Examples should include all containers, including non-
bulk packaging, bulk packaging, vessels, and facility containers
such as piping, open piles, reactors, and storage bins.
Review from “Awareness Level” Refer to DOT Chart “Haz Mat
Markings” etc.
Students need to understand the difference between Bulk and Non-
Bulk Packaging
Bulk
Packaging, other than a Vessel or barge, in which materials are
loaded with no
intermediate form of containment;
• Greater than 119 Gals. Liquid
• Greater that 882 pounds or 119 gals for a solid
• Greater than 1,001 pounds for Gas
Non- Bulk
Packaging that is smaller than the minimum criteria established for
bulk packaging;
• Drums, Boxes, Carboys and Bags are examples
Slide 15
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1
General Shapes of Containers
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1* Given three examples each of liquid, gas, and solid
hazardous material
or WMD, including various hazard classes, operations level
personnel shall identify the general shapes of containers in which
the hazardous materials/WMD are typically found.
A.5.2.1.1 Examples should include all containers, including non-
bulk packaging,
bulk packaging, vessels, and facility containers such as piping,
open piles, reactors, and storage bins.
Personnel need to understand that the shape and type of container
will depend on the state of matter that the material is in., ie. Liquids
require closed containers like drums, carboys, Gases require
pressure cylinders
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 16
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Bulk Transportation
Tank / Rail CarsNon-Pressure Tank Cars
Pressure Tank Cars
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Cars
Hopper Cars
Box Cars
Special Service Cars
NFPA 4.2.1(6)
IdentificationContainers
4.2.1(6) continued
Bulk Transportation
Tank / Rail Cars
• Non-Pressure Tank Cars
• Pressure Tank Cars
• Cryogenic Liquid Tank Cars
• Hopper Cars
• Box Cars
• Special Service Cars
Slide 17
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Tank Cars (old)
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Non-Pressurized (general service) Tank Car:
With Expansion Dome (Older Cars)
Slide 18
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Tank Cars
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Non-Pressurized (general service) Tank Car:
Without Expansion Dome
Slide 19
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
TANK HEADHANDBRAKE
WHEEL
COUPLER
PLACARD
HOLDER
SAFETY VALVE
MANWAYFITTINGS
HOUSING
SAFETY
PLATFORM
BOTTOM FITTINGSTRUCK
ASSEMBLY
AIR BRAKE HOSE
SAFETY RAIL
“A” END
“B” END
(B FOR BRAKE)
TANK SHELL
UTLX 00000
REPORTING MARKS
CAR NUMBER
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Non-Pressurized (general service) Tank Car:
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 20
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Non-Pressurized (general service) Tank Car:
Slide 21
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Non-Pressurized (general service) Tank Car:
Slide 22
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pressure Tank Cars
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Pressurized Tank Car:
Slide 23
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Pressurized Tank Car:
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 24
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Pressurized Tank Car:
Slide 25
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
High Pressure Tube Cars
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.1 High-Pressure Tube Car (not required in standard)
● Carries gases such as oxygen, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen in
high-pressure cylinders.
• Flammable/nonflammable gases
• Poison gases
• Pressures range from 3,500 to 5,000 psig
• Capacities will vary for the material that is transported.
Slide 26
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
Example High-Pressure Tube Car
Slide 27
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Cars
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.1(1) Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
• Typically contains gases liquefied by refrigeration, such as liquid
hydrogen and nitrogen.
• Pressure within tank is low (25psi); temperature is -130 degrees
Fo or below.
• Tank is generally double walled and insulated.
• Test pressures from 60 to 175 psi.
• Valves and fittings are enclosed in a cabinet at the lower side or
end of the car.
• Includes car classes DOT113, AAR204W, AAR204XT.
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 28
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Terms
IdentificationContainers
Example Cryogenic Car
Example Cryogenic Car – Protected inside Box Car
Slide 29
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Cryogenic Car
Note Compressor Boxes, Left side top photo, Rear of Bottom photo
Slide 30
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Cryogenic Car
Note Compressor Boxes,
Left side; top photo – Unprotected Car
Left side; Bottom photo – Close up of “Dog House” and support
strut
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 31
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pneumatically Unloaded
Hopper Cars
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.1 Hopper Car (not required in standard)
● Typically contains dry bulk chemicals such as calcium carbide,
sodium chlorate, ammonium nitrate, lime, other dry chemicals;
also sand, gravel, fertilizers, plastic pellets.
● Hopper cars may be covered or open top.
• Bulk solids
• Hazardous and non-hazardous materials, Sodium
hydroxide, soda ash, polyvinyl chloride pellets, and grain.
• Pressures range from 20 to 80 psig
• Capacities will vary for the material that is transported.
Slide 32
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pneumatically Unloaded
Hopper Cars
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Hopper Car
Slide 33
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Box Car
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.1 Box Car (not required in standard)
● Typically contains mixed cargo, which may be packed in bags,
boxes, drums,
tanks, cylinders, liquid bladders, or other containers.
● Check Labels and tags on individual containers to identify their
contents.
● Car class AAR204XT is a box car carrying a cryogenic tank.
Slide 34
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Box Cars
NFPA 4.2.1(6)
IdentificationContainers
4.2.1(6) continued
Box Car
Large Containers, some closed sided, some with open slats
Any assortment of materials may be carried
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 35
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Cars
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.1(1) Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
• Typically contains gases liquefied by refrigeration, such as liquid
hydrogen and nitrogen.
• Pressure within tank is low (25psi); temperature is -130 degrees
Fo or below.
• Tank is generally double walled and insulated.
• Test pressures from 60 to 175 psi.
• Valves and fittings are enclosed in a cabinet at the lower side or
end of the car.
• Includes car classes DOT113, AAR204W, AAR204XT.
Slide 36
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Cryogenic Car
Slide 37
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Cryogenic Car
Note Compressor Boxes, Left side top photo, Rear of Bottom photo
Slide 38
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.1
IdentificationContainers
Example Cryogenic Car
Note Compressor Boxes,
Left side; top photo – Unprotected Car
Left side; Bottom photo – Close up of “Dog House” and support
strut
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 39
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
1) Non-pressure Intermodal Tank
2) Pressure Intermodal Tank
3) Specialized Intermodal Tank
a) Cryogenic Intermodal Tank
b) Tube Intermodal Modules
Intermodal Tank Containers
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.2
(1) Non-pressure intermodal tanks
• Pressure intermodal tanks
• Specialized intermodal tanks, including the following:
Cryogenic intermodal tanks
Tube modules
Skill Sheet: 5.2.1.1.2
Slide 40
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Intermodal TankIMO – 101 & 102 Type 1 & 2
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
5.2.1.1.2(1) Non-Pressure Intermodal Tanks IM-101 and 102 tanks are similar in appearance. Check the
nameplate to see tank type.
IM-101 intermodal tank (or IMO Type 1):
• Transports both hazardous and non-hazardous liquids and
solids. May contain toxic, corrosive, or flammable materials
with flash points The lowest temperature at which a liquid
gives off enough vapor to be ignited at its surface below 32
degrees F.
• Classified as non-pressurized, but can have a working pressure
up to 100 PSIG.
• Capacity ranges from 5,000 to 6,300 gallons.
• Commonest type of intermodal tank container.
• Pressure range from 25.4 to 100 psig
• Hazard classes: 3, 4, 5, 6, 8
• Example:
IM-102 intermodal tank (equivalent to IMO Type 2):
• Transports both hazardous and non-hazardous liquids and
solids. Most likely to contain non-regulated materials such as
food-grade commodities, but may contain alcohols, some
corrosives, pesticides, resins, solvents, and flammable materials
with flash points between 32 and 140 degrees F.
• Classified as non-pressurized, but can have a working pressure
up to 25.4 PSIG.
• Capacity ranges from 5,000 to 6,300 gallons.
• Pressure range from 14.5 to 25.4 psig
• Hazard classes: 3, 6, 8
• Example:
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 41
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Intermodal Tank
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.2(1) Non-Pressure Intermodal Tanks
Slide 42
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.2(1) Non-Pressure Intermodal Tanks
14 of 74 Revision: 073114
Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 43
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pressure Intermodal Tank
IMO – Spec 51 – Type 5
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.2(2) Pressure Intermodal Tanks Spec 51 (DOT Specification 51, or IMO Type 5):
• Typically contains gases liquefied by pressure, such as LPG
Liquefied petroleum gas and ammonia. Also may contain high
vapor pressure A measure of a substance's
tendency to evaporate; liquids with higher vapor pressures
evaporate faster liquids such as motor fuel antiknock
compounds and Pyrophoric Capable of igniting oncontact with
air at ordinary ambient temperatures liquids such as aluminum
alkyls.
• Classified as pressurized. Working pressure may range from
100 to 500 PSIG.
• A nameplate must be fixed to each end of the tank. It lists DOT
specification number
(Spec 51), manufacturer's name and serial number, capacity,
weight, and design pressure.
• Tank capacity can range from 50 to 5,500 gallons, and tank
dimensions may vary.
• Less common than IM-101 and IM-102 tanks.
• Hazard Classes: 2, 3
• Example: Liquefied petroleum gas, Anhydrous
Ammonia, motor fuel anti knock
compound, and aluminum alkyls
Slide 44
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.2(2) Pressure Intermodal Tanks
Slide 45
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.2(2) Pressure Intermodal Tanks
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 46
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Cryogenic Intermodal TankIMO – Type 7
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
Specialized Intermodal TankIdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.2(3) Specialized Intermodal Tanks
5.2.1.1.2(3)(a) Cryogenic Intermodal Tanks
Cryogenic tank container (or IMO Type 7):
• Transports gases liquefied by refrigeration, such as argon,
oxygen, and helium (these gases are also called cryogenic very
low temperature gases).
• Pressure range 25psig or less
• Hazard classes: 2
• Example: Helium, nitrogen, and oxygen
Slide 47
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Cryogenic Intermodal Tank
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.2(3)(a) Cryogenic Intermodal Tanks
Slide 48
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Tube Modules
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.2(3) Specialized Intermodal Tanks
5.2.1.1.2(3)(b) Tube Modules Tube module:
• Transports gases in high-pressure cylinders tested to 3,000 or
5,000 PSI, such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, and hydrogen.
• Pressure range from 3,000 or 5,000 psi
• Hazard classes: 2
• Example: Helium, nitrogen, and oxygen
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 49
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.2
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.2(3)(b) Tube Modules
Slide 50
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Cargo Tanks
1) Compressed Gas Tube Trailers
2) Corrosive Liquid Tanks
3) Cryogenic Liquid tanks
4) Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks
5) High Pressure Tanks
6) Low Pressure Chemical Tanks
7) Non-Pressure Liquid Tanks
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3 Given examples of the following cargo tanks, the
operations level
responder shall identify each cargo tank by type, as follows:
• Compressed gas tube trailers
• Corrosive liquid tanks
• Cryogenic liquid tanks
• Dry bulk cargo tanks
• High pressure tanks
• Low pressure chemical tanks
• Non-pressure liquid tanks
• Also called tank trucks
• Used to transport
• Flammable/combustible liquids
• Corrosives
• Flammable/nonflammable compressed gases
Slide 51
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Compressed Gas Tube Trailers
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(1) Compressed Gas Tube Trailers Tube trailer (compressed gas trailer):
• Typically carries pressurized gases such as air, helium, and
oxygen, in pressurized tubes.
• Pressure may be up to 5,000 psi.
• Pressures range from 3,000 to 5,000 psi
• Seamless steel cylinders, 9 to 48 inches in diameter,
permanently mounted on a trailer.
• All cylinders contain the same material, independently piped.
• Bulk non-liquefied compressed gases
• Fill and discharge of product are done through a manifold
header, usually located at the rear of trailer.
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 52
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Compressed Gas Tube Trailers
Standard Tube Trailer
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
Jumbo Tube Trailer
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(1) Compressed Gas Tube Trailers
Slide 53
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Compressed Gas Tube Trailers
Super Jumbo Tube Trailer
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
Intermodal Tube Trailer
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(1) Compressed Gas Tube Trailers
Slide 54
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tanks
MC-312/DOT-412
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(2) Corrosive Liquid Tanks
Corrosive liquid tank truck (DOT-412/MC-312):
• Typically carries strong corrosives, such as sulfuric or nitric
acid. Typically carries acids, also may carry bases. Sometimes
may carry flammable liquids (e.g., grain alcohol), poison
liquids, or oxidizing liquids. Cannot carry pressurized gases.
• Circular in cross-section, with up to 10 reinforcing rings around
the tank.
• May be very long. Often there is black, tar-like, corrosion-
protective coating around the manhole.
• Carries a single tank, generally with a single compartment,
usually of steel and lined, with capacity up to 7,000 gallons.
• Tank pressures between 35 and 50 psi.
• Small round or horseshoe ends
• Single work platform
• High integrity reinforcement bands
• Tank design pressures range from 35 psi to 50 psi
• Used to transport high density liquids and strong corrosives
18 of 74 Revision: 073114
Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 55
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tanks
MC-312
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(2) Corrosive Liquid Tanks
Slide 56
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tanks
DOT-412
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(2) Corrosive Liquid Tanks
Slide 57
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tanks
MC-312/DOT-412
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(2) Corrosive Liquid Tanks
Slide 58
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(2) Corrosive Liquid Tanks
19 of 74 Revision: 073114
Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 59
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tanks
MC-338
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(3) Cryogenic Liquid Tanks Cryogenic liquid tank truck (MC-338):
• Typically carries gases liquefied by refrigeration, such as liquid
oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. Product
likely to be corrosive or flammable gas, or poisonous or
oxidizing liquid. Temperature of product -150 degrees F or
below.
• Outer shell surrounds insulated inner tank, with vacuum space
between.
• Large compartment mounted at rear of tank.
• Capacity of inner tank up to 7,000 gallons.
• When sun heats tank and raises internal pressure, vapor may
discharge from relief valves.
Internal pressure up to 25 psi.
• Very high BLEVE potential.
• Tank within a tank
• Tank = inner vessel
• Jacket = outer shell (insulation)
• Design pressure of at least 23.5 psig but not more than 500
psig
• Capacity 5000 to 14,000 gallons
• Ends are "dished“
• Valving found in compartment on the back or on the side
just forward the trailer wheels.
Slide 60
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tanks
MC-338
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(3) Cryogenic Liquid Tanks
Slide 61
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(3) Cryogenic Liquid Tanks
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 62
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(4) Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks Dry bulk cargo tank truck:
• Typically carries dry bulk cargo such as calcium carbide,
oxidizers, corrosive solids, cement, plastic pellets, or fertilizers.
• Shape can vary but always includes bottom hoppers.
• Also known as hopper trailers
• Pneumatically unloaded transport bulk solids
• One or more cone shaped bins
• Capacities up to 1,500 cu. ft. Fertilizers such as
ammonium nitrate,
cement, dry caustic soda, grains, oxidizers, and plastic
products
Slide 63
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Dry Bulk Cargo TanksIdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(4) Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks
Slide 64
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
High Pressure Cargo Tank
MC-331
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(5) High Pressure Cargo Tanks High-pressure tank truck (MC-331):
• Typically carries gases liquefied by pressure, such as
anhydrous ammonia, LPG, propane, butane.
• Circular in cross-section, with blunt ends: tank looks like
bullet.
• Hemispherical or ellipsoidal ends or heads
• Surface is smooth; typically painted white or silver to reduce
heating by sunlight.
• Tank can carry up to 11,500 gallons; tank pressure is generally
above 100 psi up to
500 psi.
• Shorter "bobtail" version of MC-311 tank can carry up to 3,500
gallons.
• High BLEVE potential.
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 65
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
High Pressure Cargo TankMC-331
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(5) High Pressure Cargo Tanks
Slide 66
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Low-Pressure Chemical Tanks
MC-307/DOT-407
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(6) Low Pressure Chemical Tanks Low-pressure chemical tank truck (DOT-407 or MC-307):
• Typically carries flammable or combustible liquids, acids,
caustics, poisonous liquids.
• Maximum capacity is typically up to 6,000 gallons. Pressure
can be up to 40 psi..
• Can be insulated or un-insulated:
• Un-insulated tanks are typically circular in cross-section.
• Typically, there are reinforcing rings around the tank.
Tanks are aluminum or steel.
• Insulated tanks generally carry products that need to be
kept either heated or cooled, or products that need to be
heated to be off-loaded.
• They are characteristically horseshoe-shaped when
viewed from behind.
• They are comprised of an outer jacket, generally
aluminum or steel, and an inner tank that may be lined
(e.g., with fiberglass).
• Round cylindrical or horseshoe shape
• Single work platform
• Internal vapor pressure 18 psi, but not more than
40 psi
• Used to transport: Flammables, Corrosives
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 67
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Low-Pressure Chemical Tanks
MC-307
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(6) Low Pressure Chemical Tanks
Slide 68
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Low-Pressure Chemical Tanks
DOT-407
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(6) Low Pressure Chemical Tanks
Slide 69
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Low-Pressure Chemical Tanks
MC-307/DOT-407
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(6) Low Pressure Chemical Tanks
Slide 70
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(6) Low Pressure Chemical Tanks
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 71
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Liquid Tanks
MC-306/DOT-406
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3(7) Non Pressure Liquid Tanks Low-pressure flammable liquid tank truck (DOT- 406 or MC-306):
• Typically carries gasoline (UN/NA 1203), diesel fuel (fuel oil),
liquid fuel products, alcohol, and almost any other kind of
flammable or combustible liquids. May sometimes carry
nonflammable liquids (e.g., milk or molasses). May contain
mild corrosives, but not strong corrosives. Cannot contain
pressurized gases.
• Oval in cross-section, with blunt ends.
• Newer tanks are aluminum; older can be steel. Tank is divided
into two to five
compartments (usually three to four);
• In some cases, different products may be in different
compartments (in most states, mixed loads are not permitted).
• Typical maximum capacity: 9,000 gallons. Pressure can't
exceed 3 psi.
• Large oval ends
• Underbelly outlets
• Rollover/spill rail runs entire length
• Maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) no lower
than 2.65 psig and maximum 3 psig.
• Used to transport:
• Fuel oil
• Gasoline
• Alcohol
• Flammable/combustible liquids
• Liquid food products
Slide 72
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Liquid Tanks
MC-306
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(7) Non Pressure Liquid Tanks
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 73
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Liquid Tanks
DOT-406
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(7) Non Pressure Liquid Tanks
Slide 74
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Liquid TanksMC-306/DOT-406
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(7) Non Pressure Liquid Tanks
Slide 75
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Liquid TanksMC-306/DOT-406
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(7) Non Pressure Liquid Tanks
Slide 76
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Are these Dots Significant?
Non-Pressure Liquid TanksMC-306/DOT-406
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.3(7) Non Pressure Liquid Tanks
Dots indicate that Vehicle has been modified.
Baffles inside have been opened so in the event of a rollover and
the vehicle is on its side, material will still flow within
compartment.
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 77
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Box Trucks
NFPA 5.2.1.1.3
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.3 Box Trailer (mixed cargo): (not required by standard)
• Typically contains mixed cargo, which may be packed in bags,
boxes, drums, tanks, cylinders, or other containers.
• Check labels and tags on individual containers to identify their
contents.
• The presence of several placard holders on the truck indicates it
may commonly carry hazardous materials.
Slide 78
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Storage Tanks
1) Cryogenic Liquid tanks
2) Non-Pressure Tanks
3) Pressure Tanks
NFPA 5.2.1.1.4
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.4 Given examples of the following storage tanks, the
operations level
responder shall identify each tank by type, as follows:
• Cryogenic liquid tank
• Non-pressure tank
• Pressure tank
• Installed locations
• Above ground
• Below ground
• Inside or on top of buildings
Slide 79
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Cryogenic Liquid TankIdentificationContainers
NFPA 5.2.1.1.4
Example 5.2.1.1.4(1) Cryogenic liquid tank
•Typically stores liquid nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon,
ethylene, helium or other cryogenic gases.
•Tank is heavily insulated and at low pressure; normally vents
some vapor.
•Working Pressures 25 psig or less
•Hazard Classes: 2
Slide 80
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Facility TanksIdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.4(2) Non Pressure Facility Tanks
Non-Pressure facility tanks (atmospheric) - 0 to 1.0 psig
Types
• Cone roof
• Covered top Floating roof
• Covered top floating roof tank with geodesic dome:
• Open top floating roof
• Horizontal cylindrical tank
Hazard Classes: 3, 5, 8, and 9
Examples: Flammable, combustible, and corrosive liquids
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 81
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Facility TanksAtmospheric Tanks
Cone Roof
NFPA 5.2.1.1.4
IdentificationContainers
Covered Top Floating Roof
5.2.1.1.4(2) Non Pressure Facility Tanks
Cone Roof Tank:
• Designed to store liquids of low volatility Readiness to
evaporate.
• Typically stores fuel oils such as diesels and heating oil.
Contents may be flammable Easy to ignite and burns readily;
flammable liquids have flash points below 100 deg F (37.8 deg
C), combustible Can be ignited and
burned; combustible liquids have flash points between 100 -
200 deg F (37.8
- 93.3 deg C), or corrosive Liquid or solid that can destroy
human skin or lung tissue or corrode metals.
• Contents stored at atmospheric pressure (0 to 1 PSIG).
• Tank can be up to 300 feet in diameter and 64 feet high.
Slide 82
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Facility TanksAtmospheric Tanks
Covered Top Floating Roof
with Geodesic DomeNFPA 5.2.1.1.4
Open Top Floating Roof
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.4(2) Non Pressure Facility Tanks
Covered Top Floating Roof Tank with Geodesic Dome:
• Typically stores gasoline and other volatile Evaporates readily
flammable liquids.
• Contents stored at atmospheric pressure (0 to 1 PSIG).
• An internal roof floats on top of the liquid; an additional domed
roof protects tank contents from the elements.
Slide 83
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Pressure Facility TanksAtmospheric Tanks
Horizontal Cylindrical
NFPA 5.2.1.1.4
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.4(2) Non Pressure Facility Tanks
Horizontal Cylindrical Tank:
• Used to store liquids of low volatility Readiness to evaporate,
typically fuel oils such as diesel fuel and heating oil.
• Contents stored at atmospheric pressure (0 to 1 PSIG).
• Tank typically has dished ends, and can be up to about 12 feet
in diameter and 60 feet long.
Slide 84
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pressure Tank
Low-Pressure & Pressure Tanks
NFPA 5.2.1.1.4
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.4(5) Pressure Facility Tanks
Low-pressure 0.5 to 15 psig
• Dome roof tank
• Spheroid
• Noded spheroid
Pressure vessels 15 psig and above
• Sphere
• Horizontal, pressure vessel
Hazard Classes: 2, 3
Examples: LPG, methane, propane, chlorine
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 85
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pressure TankLow-Pressure
Dome RoofNFPA 5.2.1.1.4
Hemispheroid
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.4(5) Pressure Facility Tanks
Dome Roof Tank:
• Typically stores flammable Easy to ignite and burns readily;
flammable liquids have flash points below 100 deg F (37.8 deg
C) or combustible Can be ignited and burned; combustible
liquids have flash points between 100 –
200 deg F (37.8 - 93.3 deg C), volatile Evaporates readily
liquids, such as gasoline, liquid fertilizers, and solvents.
• Contents stored at low pressure (0.5 to 15 PSIG).
Slide 86
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pressure TankPressure Tanks
SphericalNFPA 5.2.1.1.4
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.4(5) Pressure Facility Tanks
High pressure spherical tank:
• Typically stores gases liquefied by pressure, such as LNG
Liquefied natural gas and LPG Liquefied petroleum gas. Also
may contain ammonia, propane, butane, or hydrogen.
• Contents stored at high pressure (above 15 PSIG pounds per
square inch gauge; pressure relative to atmospheric pressure).
Slide 87
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pressure TankPressure Tanks
Horizontal – “Bullet”
NFPA 5.2.1.1.4
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.4(5) Pressure Facility Tanks
High Pressure Horizontal Tank (or “Bullet"):
• Typically stores gases liquefied by pressure, such as LNG
(liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), propane,
butane, hydrogen, and ammonia.
• Also may store volatile Evaporates readily flammable liquid.
Will not contain low-volatility liquids.
• Contents stored at high pressure (above 15 PSIG pounds per
square inch gauge; pressure relative to atmospheric pressure).
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 88
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Noded Spherical
Pressure TankPressure Tanks
IdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.4(5) Pressure Facility Tanks
Slide 89
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Non-Bulk Packaging
NFPA 5.2.1.1.5
1) Bags
2) Carboys
3) Cylinders
4) Drums
5) Dewar Flask(Cryogenic Liquids)
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.5 Given examples of the following non-bulk packaging, the
operations
level responder shall identify each package by type, as follows:
• Bags
• Carboys
• Cylinders
• Drums
• Dewar flask (cryogenic liquids)
Slide 90
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Bags – Non-Bulk
NFPA 5.2.1.1.5
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.5(1) Non-Bulk Packaging – Bags
Bags – which can be paper, plastic, or fiber, reinforced or not--are
often used as containers for chemicals and pesticides, as well as
food.
Very large reinforced polypropylene bags, called "supersacks," may
carry hazardous solids.
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Session HM 2.1.1
Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 91
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Carboys – Non-Bulk
NFPA 5.2.1.1.5
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.5(2) Non-Bulk Packaging – Carboys
Slide 92
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.1.5
CylindersIdentificationContainers
Example 5.2.1.1.5(3) Non-Bulk Packaging – Cylinders
Colors of cylinders don’t mean anything anymore.
Years ago, Bottles were color coded by gas contained
Slide 93
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Drums
NFPA 5.2.1.1.5
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.5(4) Non-Bulk Packaging – Drums
Drums contain a wide variety of solid and un-pressurized liquid
hazardous materials. The construction material of a drum is
a clue to its contents:
• Unlined fiberboard: Dry granular materials (e.g., fertilizer,
sawdust, grain)
• Plastic-lined fiberboard: Wet materials such as foods and
slurries.
• Plastic: corrosive materials (e.g., sodium hydroxide, acids),
combustible materials, some foods
• Steel: Flammable and combustible materials (e.g., alcohols,
fuel oils), mild corrosives, food liquids
• Stainless steel: strong corrosives such as oleum.
• Aluminum: Pesticides; materials that react with steel and
cannot be shipped in plastic containers
• Drums vary from 1 to 95 gallons in capacity; a typical capacity
is 55 gallons.
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 94
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Dewar Flask (Cryogenic Liquids)
NFPA 5.2.1.1.5
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.5(5) Non-Bulk Packaging – Dewar Flask
Dewar Flask are containers within a container.
Insulating material and the use of a vacuum space keep the
cryogenic material cooled and in a liquid state.
Slide 95
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Cardboard Boxes
NFPA 5.2.1.1.5
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.5 Cardboard Boxes (Not required by standard)
Cardboard boxes can carry hazardous materials such as pesticides
and household products, as well as hazardous liquids packed in
bottles.
Cardboard boxes lined in plastic may carry hazardous liquids.
Slide 96
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Portable Tanks & Bulk Totes
NFPA 5.2.1.1.5
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.5 Portable Tanks and Bulk Totes (Not required by
standard)
May contain flammable, combustible, toxic, or corrosive
liquids, as well
as non-hazardous materials.
• Capacities and dimensions vary. Some portable tanks hold up
to 550 gallons a common tote capacity is 300 gallons.
• Typically transported on flatbed trucks, box trailers, and rail
flatcars.
• May be composed of ABS plastic, steel, aluminum, or other
materials.
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 97
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Radioactive Material Packages
1) Excepted
2) Industrial
3) Type A
4) Type B
5) Type C
NFPA 5.2.1.1.6
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.6* Given examples of the following radioactive material
packages, the
operations level responder shall identify the characteristics of each
container or
package by type, as follows:
• Excepted
• Industrial
• Type A
• Type B
• Type C
Slide 98
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Excepted
•Designed for Normal Conditions of Transport
•Low Specific Activity (LSA)
•Surface Contaminated Objects (SCO)
•Natural or Depleted Uranium, Natural Thorium
•Empty Packages (49CFR173.421-428)
•Can be most any packaging
•“Excepted” from several labeling / documentation
NFPA 5.2.1.1.6
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.6(1) Radioactive Material Packages – Excepted
A.3.3.43.3 Radioactive Materials Packaging. Excepted packaging is packaging used to transport materials with
extremely low levels of radioactivity that meet only general design
requirements for any hazardous material.
Excepted packaging ranges from a product's fiberboard box to a
sturdy wooden or steel
crate, and typical shipments include limited quantities of materials,
instruments and articles such as smoke detectors.
Excepted packaging will contain non-life endangering amounts of
radioactive material.
Normally Cardboard type container, low dosage, low threat
Slide 99
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Industrial
•Designed for Normal Conditions of Transport
•Drop Test / Stacking Test for Type A
•Very Small Amounts Radioactivity
•Low Specific Activity (LSA)
•Surface Contaminated Objects (SCO)
•Usually metal boxes or drums
NFPA 5.2.1.1.6
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.6(2) Radioactive Material Packages – Industrial
A.3.3.43.3 Radioactive Materials Packaging.
Industrial packaging is packaging used to transport materials that
present limited hazard to the public and environment.
Examples of these materials are contaminated equipment and
radioactive waste solidified in materials such as concrete.
This packaging is grouped into three categories (IP-I, IP-2, IP-3),
based on the strength of packaging.
Industrial packaging will contain non-life-endangering amounts of
radioactive material.
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Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 100
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Type A
•Designed for Normal Transportation
•Minor Accidents
•Certified as Type A; Basis of Performance / Test
•Limited Quantities Radioactivity Active Material (RAM)
that would not result in significant health effects if released
•May be cardboard boxes, wooden crates or drums
•Shipper & Carrier must have Documentation of the
Certification of the packages being transported
NFPA 5.2.1.1.6
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.6(3) Radioactive Material Packages – Type A
A.3.3.43.3 Radioactive Materials Packaging. Type A packaging is used to transport radioactive materials with
concentrations of radioactivity not exceeding the limits established
in 49, CFR, Part 173.431.
Typically, Type A packaging has an inner containment vessel made
of glass, plastic, or metal and packing material made of
polyethylene, rubber, or vermiculite.
Examples of materials shipped in Type A packaging include
radiopharmaceuticals and low-level radioactive waste.
Type A packaging will contain non-life-endangering amounts of
radioactive material.
Slide 101
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Type B
•Must be able to survive Severe Accidents
•Large Quantities Radioactivity Active Material
•May be metal drum or huge massive shielded transport
container.
•Severe Accident performance standards, more rigorous than
Type A.
•Certificate of Compliance (COC) by the NRC ..or Certificate of
Competent Authority (COCA) by the DOT
NFPA 5.2.1.1.6
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.6(4) Radioactive Material Packages – Type B
A.3.3.43.3 Radioactive Materials Packaging.
Type B packaging is used to transport radioactive materials with
radioactivity levels higher than those allowed in Type A packaging,
such as spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste.
Limits on activity contained in a Type B packaging are provided in
Title 49, CFR 173.431.
Type B packaging ranges from small drums [208 L (55 gal)], to
heavily shielded steel casks that sometimes weigh more than 100
metric tons (98 tons).
Type B packaging can contain potentially life-endangering amounts
of radioactive material.
Slide 102
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Type C
•Designed to Transport High Activity Materials and Spent
Nuclear Fuel (SNF) by air.
•IAEA (International Association of Atomic Energy) has
established standards for Type C casks .
•More stringent requirements than Type B
No successful casks have been designed, built
or tested to date, not authorized for domestic use but are for
international use.
NFPA 5.2.1.1.6
IdentificationContainers
5.2.1.1.6(5) Radioactive Material Packages – Type C
A.3.3.43.3 Radioactive Materials Packaging.
Type C packaging is used for consignments, transported by aircraft,
of high-activity radioactive\materials that have not been certified as
“low dispersible radioactive material” (including plutonium). They
are designed to withstand severe accident conditions associated
with air transport without loss of containment or significant
increase in external radiation levels. The Type C packaging
performance requirements are significantly more stringent than
those for Type B packaging. Type C packaging is not authorized
for domestic use but can be authorized for international shipments
of these high-activity radioactive material consignments.
Taken from Document written for Oak Ridge National
laboratory
ABSTRACT
Sometimes the only feasible means of shipping research reactor
spent nuclear fuel (SNF) among countries is via air transport
because of location or political conditions. The International
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Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
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Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA) has established a regulatory framework to
certify air transport Type C casks. However, no such cask has been
designed, built, tested, and certified. In lieu of an air transport cask,
SNF has been transported using a Type B cask under an exemption
with special arrangements for administrative and security controls.
This work indicates that it may be feasible to transport commercial
SNF assemblies via air, and that the cost is only about three times
that of shipping it by railway. Optimization (i.e., reduction) of this
cost factor has yet to be done.
Slide 103
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Markings that Differentiate One
Container from Another
NFPA 5.2.1.2
NFPA Standard 704(Fixed Facility)
DOT Placards/Labels(Transportation and Shipping)
Labeling(Storage Areas at Fixed Facility)
Pre-Incident Planning Documents(Storage Areas at Fixed Facility)
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2 Given examples of containers, the operations level
responder shall identify the markings that differentiate one
container from another.
Fixed facilities will have different makings than that of
Transportation.
Labeling (various HMIS) or possibly the 704 were required (local
requirements)
Fixed Facilities should also be identified on Pre-Incident Plans
It is important that Responders know the difference and types of
marking systems.
Pre-Incident Planning is vital to maintain awareness of Hazardous
Materials storage and
use which will assist with identifying the needs and requirements in
the event of an
Emergency.
Slide 104
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Vehicle or Tank
Identification Marking
Highway Transport VehiclesIncluding Cargo Tanks
Intermodal EquipmentIncluding Tank Containers
Rail Transport VehiclesIncluding Tank Cars
NFPA 5.2.1.2.1
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.1 Given examples of the following marked transport
vehicles and their corresponding shipping papers, the
operations level responder shall identify the
following vehicle or tank identification marking:
• Highway transport vehicles, including cargo tanks
• Intermodal equipment, including tank containers
• Rail transport vehicles, including tank cars
The identification marking on each transport vehicle is included on
the shipping papers.
This system allows the responders to ensure that the shipping
papers and vehicles match.
The I.D. number also provides a way to contact the shipper for
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
information about a specific vehicle.
Slide 105
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Highway Transport VehicleIncluding Cargo Tank
NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(1)
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.1(1) Highway transport vehicles including cargo tanks
• Shipping Papers; also called “Bill of Lading”
• Company Names and Logo’s
• Metal certification plate with serial number
• Shipper’s identification number (trailer number)
• Placards
Slide 106
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Intermodal EquipmentIncluding Tank Containers
NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(2)
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.1(2) Intermodal equipment including tank containers
• Shipping Papers
• Metal certification plate with serial number
• Shipper’s identification number
• Placards or labels
Reporting marks and the tank number on intermodal portable tanks
are registered with the International Container Bureau in
France.
Other markings include DOT exemption markings, Association of
American Railroad (AAR) 600 marking for interchange
purposes, the permanently attached data plate and the size, type
and country codes.
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The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 107
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(3)
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.1(2) Intermodal equipment including tank containers
• Name of Shipper
• Intermodal Tank Identification Number
• Placard
Slide 108
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Rail Transport VehicleIncluding Tank Cars
NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(3)
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.1(3) Rail Transport Vehicles including tank cars
Rail cars
• Train “Consist”
• Standard Transportation Commodity Code – “STCC” or “Stick
Number” starting with a 48 or 49
• Names and numbers used to identify the shipper and contents
of the car (i.e. GATX 7759) are
usually on all four sides
• Placards will be on all rail cars carrying hazardous materials
Box cars, hopper cars, and flat cars
• Owned by the individual railroad and are marked on both sides
and ends with serial numbers
Tank cars
• Leased or owned by the shipper
• Three letter abbreviation for the owner, followed by an "X" and
numbers
Slide 109
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.1(3) Rail Transport Vehicles including tank cars
DOT Tank car specification markings; These markings, on both sides of the car, identify the class of tank
car, which tells you what it could be carrying.
Decoding a specification marking: The first sequence of numbers (111 in the example on slide) tells
you the car's class: non-pressure, pressure, high pressure, or
cryogenic.
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Chapter 3
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The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 110
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(3)
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.1(3) Rail Transport Vehicles including tank cars
• DOT Identification Code Number
• Railroad Car Identification Number
• Product Name
• Shipper Name
Slide 111
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(3)
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.1(3) Rail Transport Vehicles including tank cars
Reporting marks;
Each rail car is identified by a unique reporting mark:
A combination of letters followed by numbers that is stenciled on
both sides and both ends of the car.
The sequence of letters identifies the railroad or company that owns
the car, and the sequence of numbers identifies the car.
As you face the side of the car, the reporting mark is to your left.
You can call a car's reporting marks into CHEMTREC (800) 424-
9300) to identify the car's owner and, eventually, its contents.
DOT Tank car specification markings;
These markings, on both sides of the car, identify the class of tank
car, which tells you
What it could be carrying.
Decoding a specification marking: The first sequence of numbers (111 in the example on slide) tells
you the car's class: non-pressure, pressure, high pressure, or
cryogenic.
Note: Numbers on this tank appear to be on the top, this will assist
in case of a derailment where train is rolled over
Slide 112
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Markings
• Container Size
• Product Contained
• Site Identification Numbers
NFPA 5.2.1.2.2
5.2.1.2.2 Given examples of facility containers, the operations level
responder shall identify the markings indicating container size,
product contained, and/or site identification numbers.
• Product name on tank
• NFPA 704 Marking System (fixed facilities)
• Tank identification number / site identification numbers
• These should refer and be consistent with the Site Pre-Plan
or
• Emergency operations plan
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 113
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.2 Markings continued
• Data or Nomenclature Plate
Slide 114
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
IdentificationMarkings
5.2.1.2.2 Markings continued
Horizontal Cylinder
• NFPA 704
• Tank Identification Number
Spherical tank
• Tank Identification Number
• Shape
• Site Plan
• Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP)
Slide 115
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Identifying Name(s) of the
Hazardous Material(s)
Pipeline
Pesticide Label
Radioactive Material
NFPA 5.2.1.3
IdentificationNames
5.2.1.3 Given examples of hazardous materials incidents, the
operations level responder shall identify the name(s) of the
hazardous material(s) in 5.2.1.3.1 through 5.2.1.3.3.
• Pipeline
• Pesticide Label
• Radioactive Material
• State and federal legislation on hazard communication, right-to-
know, and mandatory local notification on hazard.
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communications
• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title
III – Tier II reporting
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Chapter 3
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The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 116
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pipeline Marker
NFPA 5.2.1.3.1
IdentificationNames
Metal sign placed adjacent to a pipeline
right of way.
Must Contain Following Information:
Product and Signal Word ”Warning”
Ownership
Emergency Telephone Number
5.2.1.3.1 The operations level responder shall identify the
following information on a pipeline marker:
(1) Emergency telephone number
(2) Owner
• Product
• The term “Product” refers to the product class.
• It should be noted that the markers do not always mark exactly
the location of piping,
• Piping does not always go in a straight line between markers.
• Look for Markers at Street or Railroad IntersectionsNOTE:
Ask Students what Owner, Phone numbers and Product
NOTE: Ask Students what Owner, Phone numbers and Product
Slide 117
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pesticide Label
1) Active Ingredient
2) Hazard Statement
3) Name of Pesticide
4) EPA Registration Number(United States)
5) Pest Control Product (PCP) Number(Canada)
6) Precautionary Statement
7) Signal WordNFPA 5.2.1.3.2
5.2.1.3.2 Given a pesticide label, the operations level responder
shall identify each of the
following pieces of information, then match the piece of
information to its significance in
surveying hazardous materials incidents:
• Active ingredient
• Hazard statement
• Name of pesticide
• Pest control product (PCP) number (in Canada)
• EPA Registration Number in the United States
• Precautionary statement
• Signal word
Classified according to their primary or specific control purpose;
Insecticides; a chemical that kills bugs
Fungicides; an agent that destroys fungi or inhibits their growth
Herbicides; an agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth
Nematocides; a substance or preparation used to destroy
nematodes.
Nematode: any of a phylum (Nematoda or Nemata) of
elongated cylindrical worms
parasitic in animals or plants or free-living in soil or water –
called also roundworm
Rodenticides; an agent that kills, repels, or controls rodents
Skill Sheet: 5.2.1.3.2
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Chapter 3
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The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 118
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pesticide Label
EPA Registration & Establishment Number
NFPA 5.2.1.3.2
Example
5.2.1.3.2 Pesticide continued
EPA Registration Number:
The EPA registration number indicates which company holds the
registration for the pesticide product, and in which sequence the
product was submitted to the EPA by the company. Before a
pesticide product is registered under the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), it is assigned an EPA
file symbol which is comprised of the company number
followed by a series of letters representing the potential product
number. Product numbers are assigned sequentially to each
company.
The letters are used to indicate that the product is not registered.
The letters come from the word,
“REGULATION.” Each letter represents a number starting with “1
(one),” and ending in “0 (zero).”
Accordingly, R=1, E=2, G=3, U=4, L=5, A=6, T=7, I=8, O=9, and
N=0. Therefore, if 6767-EGN were registered, it would become
EPA Registration Number 6767-230. “6767” is the number
identifying the company holding the registration and “230” is
the number identifying that specific product. EPA has no
Required location for companies to place their registration number
on the label, but it is usually found
On the front or back panel of the product label, and near the
company's name and address.
EPA Registration Number:
The establishment number indicates the final establishment at
which the product was produced. A facility that produces
pesticides must have a company number before an EPA
establishment number is assigned. This number is often
grouped together with the EPA registration number, but that is
not a requirement. State abbreviations, such as FL, MS, or NC,
will appear after the company number. The example shown in
Figure 1 contains “MO,” indicating that the product was
manufactured in Missouri.
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Chapter 3
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The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 119
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Pesticide Label•Active Ingredient
•Each ingredient identified by name and %
•Inert ingredients may also be listed, but only by %
•Hazard Statement•Product poses an environment hazard
•Advises against contaminating water supplies
•Name of Pesticide•Manufacture’s name for the pesticide
•Precautionary Statement
•“Keep Out of Reach of Children”
•“Restricted Use Pesticide”
•“Hazard to Humans / Domestic Animals”
•Signal Word•Indicates relative hazard of product
•Category 1: Poison Danger – (always together)
•Category 2: Warning – will make you sick
•Category 3: Caution – might make you sick
Categories found in NFPA Fire & Hazardous Materials HandbooksNFPA 5.2.1.3.2
5.2.1.3.2 Given a pesticide label, the operations level responder
shall identify each of the
following pieces of information, then match the piece of
information to its significance in
surveying hazardous materials incidents:
• Active ingredient
• Hazard statement
• Name of pesticide
• Pest control product (PCP) number (in Canada)
• EPA Registration Number in the United States
• Precautionary statement
• Signal word
Classified according to their primary or specific control purpose;
Insecticides; a chemical that kills bugs
Fungicides; an agent that destroys fungi or inhibits their growth
Herbicides; an agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth
Nematocides; a substance or preparation used to destroy
nematodes.
Nematode: any of a phylum (Nematoda or Nemata) of
elongated cylindrical worms
parasitic in animals or plants or free-living in soil or water –
called also roundworm
Rodenticides; an agent that kills, repels, or controls rodents
Skill Sheet: 5.2.1.3.2
Active Ingredient
• Active ingredients ‑ MUST be listed by chemical name and
percentage
• Inert ingredients‑ usually are not named but shown only as
percentage
Hazard Statement
• Physical and chemical hazards
• On side panel
• Lists any special flammability, explosion, or chemical hazards
Name of Pesticide
• Complete product name
• Correct spelling
• Ensures positive identification
Precautionary statement
• "Keep Out of Reach of Children“
• "Restricted Use Pesticide“
• “Hazard to Humans / Domestic Animals”
Signal word – Indicates relative hazard of product
• Category 1: Poison/Danger – (always together)
• Category 2: Warning – will make you sick
• Category 3: Caution – might make you sick
Categories found in NFPA Fire (table 8.11.2) & Hazardous
Materials
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Handbooks (table I.5.2 EPA Toxicity)
Slide 120
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
5.2.1.3.2 Pesticide continued
Example of Pesticide label with information required
Slide 121
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Radioactive Material
Category of LabelFissile Classes
Contents
Activity
Transport Index
Criticality Safety Index
NFPA 5.2.1.3.3
Determination for Label of
Categories based on
measurements taken at “1
Meter” from the surface of
the package
Known as 1 Meter Rule
5.2.1.3.3 Given a label for a radioactive material, the operations
level responder shall identify the type or category of label,
contents, activity, transport index, and criticality safety index as
applicable.
Label: Identified by red bars for I, II or III to identify category
Contents: Space for what the material is in the package
Activity: The radioactivity level of the contents in the package
Transport Index: On Category II and III
Criticality Safety Index: • Assist the shipper determine how many fissile packages can be
grouped together
• Criticality Safety Index (CSI) means the dimensionless number
(rounded up to the
next tenth) assigned to and placed on the label of a fissile
material package, to
designate the degree of control of accumulation of packages
containing fissile
material during transportation.
Labels for radioactive material are the only ones which require the
shipper to write some information on the label. The
information is a number called the transportation Index (TI)
which is the highest radiation level at 1 meter from the surface of
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
the package
The three labels are commonly called; White 1, Yellow 2 and
Yellow 3, referring to the color of the label and the roman
numeral prominently displayed. A specific label is required if
the
surface radiation limit and the limit at 1 meter satisfy the following
requirements:
Label Surface Radiation Level Radiation Level at 1 meter
White 1 Does not exceed 0.5 millirem/hour Not Applicable
Yellow 2 Does not exceed 50 millirems/hour and Does not exceed 1
millirem/hour
Yellow 3 Exceeds 50 millirems/hour or Exceeds 1 millirem/hour
Slide 122
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 5.2.1.3.3
5.2.1.3.3 Radioactive Materials Continued
Labels break down Radioactive into three categories
• Radioactive White-I
• Almost no radiation
• 0.5 mR/hr maximum on surface
• No use of “Transport Index”
• Radioactive Yellow-II
• Low radiation levels
• 50 mR/hr maximum on surface
• 1 mR/hr maximum at one meter
• Transport Index Required
• Radioactive Yellow-III
• Higher radiation levels
• 200 mR/hr maximum on surface
• 10 mR/hr maximum at one meter
• Also required for fissile class-III or large quantity
shipments, regardless
of radiation level
• Transport Index Required
Slide 123
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
The DOT has classified
Hazardous Materials according to their
Primary Danger (Worst)
and assigned standardized
UN Hazard Class Numbers
And
Symbols
to identify the classes.
NFPA 4.2.1(2)
IdentificationUN / DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions
4.2.1(2)
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 124
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
1 - Every Explosives
2 - Good Gases
3 - Fire Flammable Liquids
4 - Fighter Flammable Solids
5 - Often Oxidizers
6 - Performs Poisons
7 - Routine Radioactive
8 - Care and Corrosive
9 - Maintenance Miscellaneous
NFPA 4.2.1(2)
IdentificationUN / DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions
Classification Numbers
4.2.1(2)
Mnemonic to help remember the UN classes
Slide 125
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Bursting Ball or Numerical (beginning with 1)
Cylinder
Open Flame
Flaming “O”
Skull and Crossbones
Biological Rings
Trefoil (propeller)
Test Tubes dripping on Hand, Steel Bar
NFPA 4.2.1(2)
IdentificationUN / DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions
Symbols
4.2.1(2)
Symbols used to Identify Classes on Placards
Slide 126
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Materials are grouped by their major
hazardous characteristic and many
materials will have other hazards as well.
Example:
A material may be poisonous,
corrosive, and flammable but will only be
grouped with whichever is considered the
WORST hazard and identified by the
UN Number
NFPA 4.2.1(2)
IdentificationUN / DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions
4.2.1(2)
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Slide 127
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Analyze the IncidentDetecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMD
Transportation Markings
NFPA 704
Special hazard
communication
markings for each
hazard class
Pipeline Marking
Container Markings
Military Markings
Identify facility and transportation
markings and colors that indicate
hazardous materials.
NFPA 4.2.1(7)
4.2.1(7) Identify facility and transportation markings and colors
that indicate
hazardous materials/WMD, including the following:
• Transportation markings, including UN/NA identification
number marks, marine pollutant mark, elevated temperature
(HOT) mark, commodity marking, and inhalation hazard mark
• NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the
Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response, markings
• Military hazardous materials/WMD markings
• Special hazard communication markings for each hazard class
• Pipeline markings
• Container markings
Slide 128
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Analyze the IncidentDetecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMD
Transportation Markings (placards)
United Nations Class numbers
• bottom of placard
Four digit ID numbers• on placard
• orange panel
Symbols and colors
Name of material
NFPA 4.2.1(7)(a)
4.2.1(7)(a) Transportation markings, including UN/NA
identification number
marks, marine pollutant mark, elevated temperature (HOT) mark,
commodity
marking, and inhalation hazard mark
• Transportation Markings
• United Nations class numbers (bottom of placard)
• Four digit identification numbers on placard or orange
panel
• Marine pollution mark
• Elevated temperature (HOT) mark
• Name of the material
• Inhalation hazard mark
• Symbols and colors
Slide 129
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Analyze the IncidentDetecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMD
Transportation
markings (placards)
Marine Pollution
marking
Elevated Material
marking (HOT)
Inhalation marking
NFPA 4.2.1(7)(a)
4.2.1(7)(a)
• Transportation Markings
• United Nations class numbers (bottom of placard)
• Four digit identification numbers on placard or orange
panel
• Marine pollution mark
• Elevated temperature (HOT) mark
• Name of the material
• Inhalation hazard mark
• Symbols and colors
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 130
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Materials that present a mass
detonation hazard
Military Hazardous Materials Markings
NFPA 4.2.1(7)(c)
Materials that present an
explosion with fragmentation
hazard
Materials with a mass fire
hazard
Materials that present a
moderate fire hazard
IdentificationMilitary Markings
Class 1, Division 1 Class 1, Division 2
Class 1, Division 3 Class 1, Division 4
EXPLOSIVES
4.2.1(7)(c) Military hazardous materials/WMD markings A.4.2.1(7)(c) The responder should understand the standard
military fire hazard
and chemical hazard markings.
4.2.1(7)(c) Explosives
Class 1, Division 1 Materials that present a mass detonation hazard.
Note: “STOP” sign design
Class 1, Division 2 Materials that present an explosion with fragmentation hazard.
Note: Design looks like pieces (fragments) flying in all directions
Class 1, Division 3 Materials with a mass fire hazard
Note: Design shaped like “Fire Triangle”
Class 1, Division 4 Materials that present a moderate fire hazard.
Note: Design is normal “Diamond” shape like civilian “Placards”
Slide 131
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Military Hazardous Materials Markings
Highly Toxic Harassing Agents White Phosphorus
Munitions
NFPA 4.2.1(7)(c)
Apply No Water Wear Protective Breathing
Apparatus
Chemical Hazards
Special Warnings
IdentificationMilitary Markings
4.2.1(7)(c) Chemical Hazards
• Highly Toxic
• Harassing Agents
• White Phosphorus Munitions
Slide 132
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Mustard AgentNerve Agent VX Nerve Agent
NFPA 4.2.1(7)(c)
Military Hazardous Materials Markings
IdentificationMilitary Markings
Special Warnings
4.2.1(7)(c) Special Warnings
• Nerve Agent – G means of German origin
• VX Nerve Agent – VX indicating V like Venom, X Like
Poison
• H for Mustard – German word “Heiß” meaning Hot
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The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 133
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
NFPA 4.2.1(7)(d)
IdentificationSpecial Hazard Markings
Special Hazard Communication Markings
4.2.1(7)(d) Special hazard communication markings for each
hazard class
• PCB Labels, still found in electrical transformers
• HMIS Marking System, many variations for marking system
Slide 134
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Markings on a container will provide
some indication as to the type of product.
Container Markings
NFPA 4.2.1(7)(f)
IdentificationSpecial Hazard Markings
Special Hazard Communication Markings
4.2.1(7)(f) Container markings
Examples but not limited to. Simple signs or words would indicate Hazardous Materials –
Examples below
• Bio Hazard Sign
• Gasoline, known flammable liquid
• “Danger” with Skull and Crossbones & Corrosive sign,
whatever it is, it’s BAD
• “Trefoil” indicates Radioactive Material or warning
Slide 135
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and OperationsNFPA 4.2.1(7)(b)
N.F.P.A. 704
IdentificationNFPA 704
4.2.1(7)(b) NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of
the Hazards
of Materials for Emergency Response, markings
Will be gone over in more depth in following slides
Blue – Health
Red – Flammability
Yellow – Reactivity
White – Special Warnings
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 136
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Blue = Health
Red = Flammability
Yellow = Reactivity
White = Special
NFPA 4.2.1(8)
IdentificationNFPA 704
N.F.P.A. 704
NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards
of Materials for Emergency Response, markings 4.2.1(8) Given an NFPA 704 marking, describe the significance of
the colors, numbers, and special symbols.
• NFPA 704 – Suggested method for the identification of
hazardous materials.
• Scale of 0‑4, 4 being the worst possible hazard
• Used for facilities only if mandated by local ordinances
• Colors and their meanings
• Health: (Blue)
• Flammability: (Red)
• Reactivity: (Yellow)
• Special: (White) ‑ Special Information
• Oxidizer (oxidizing ability)
• Avoid use of water
Slide 137
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
IdentificationNFPA 704
NFPA 4.2.1(8)
4.2.1(8) NFPA 704 – Explanation Guide – Example
Commonly found on dash in cabs of First Responder Vehicles
Slide 138
Hazardous Material Training
Jones & Bartlett
Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
IdentificationNFPA 704
NFPA 4.2.1(8)
4.2.1(8) NFPA 704 – Explanation Guide – Example
Commonly found on dash in cabs of First Responder Vehicles
Slide 139
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Identify U.S. and Canadian placards
and labels that indicate hazardous
materials / WMD
Identified in Annex J of the NFPA 472 - 2008
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) Identify U.S. and Canadian placards and labels that
indicate hazardous materials/WMD.
J.1 – General The definitions of UN/DOT hazard classes and
divisions
(49CFR 170-180) are as follows.
Note: Long session; Individual Placards and explanations ahead
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The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 140
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
• Major Hazard: Explosion– Any substance or article, including a device, that is
designed to function by explosion (i.e...... an extremely rapid release of gas and heat) or that, by chemical reaction with itself, is able to function by explosion.
Divided into 6 divisions
Class 1: Explosives
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Explosives Placards / Labels Explosive placard / Label
Orange Background
Bursting Ball 1.1 to 1.3 or
Numerals 1.4 to 1.6
“Explosives” 1.1 – 1.4, 1.6
“Blasting Agent” – 1.5
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.2 Class 1 Explosives. An explosive is any substance or article, including a device, that is
designed to function by explosion (i.e., an extremely rapid release
of gas and heat) or that, by chemical reaction within itself, is able to
function in a similar manner even if not designed to function by
explosion. Explosives in Class 1 are divided into six divisions.
Each division has a letter designation.
Explosive;
Placard – Orange, bursting ball with the word(s);
“Explosives” or “Blasting Agents”- (1.5)
Slide 141
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Explosives Class 1.1 Mass explosion that affects almost the
entire load
Examples:
Black powder, dynamite, T-N-T
Compatibility Group IdentificationShould Not Influence Responders
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Explosives Class 1.2 Projection hazard but not a mass explosion
hazard
Examples:
Aerial Flares, detonation cord, and power device
cartridges
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.2.1 – Explosive; Division 1.1.
Division 1.1 consists of explosives that have a mass explosion
hazard.
A mass explosion is one that affects almost the entire load
instantaneously.
Examples of Division 1.1 explosives include black powder
trinitrotoluene, dynamite, and trinitrofoluene (TNT).
Compatibility Group Identification Letter
Alphabetical letter categorizes types of explosive substances and
articles for purposes of stowage and segregation
Slide 142
Hazardous Material Training
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Explosives Class 1.3 Fire hazard and either a minor blast or minor
projection hazard
Examples: Liquid-fueled rocket motors,
propellant explosives
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Presents a minor explosion hazard
Examples: Practice ammunition, signal
cartridges, line throwing rockets
Explosives Class 1.4
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.2.3 – Explosive; Division 1.3. Division 1.3 consists of explosives that have a fire hazard and a
minor blast hazard, a minor projection hazard, or both, but not a
mass explosion hazard.
Examples of Division 1.3 explosives include liquid-fueled rocket
motors and propellant explosives.
J.2.4 – Explosive; Division 1.4. Division 1.4 consists of explosive devices that present a minor
explosion hazard.
No device in the division can contain more than 0.9 oz (25 g) of a
detonating material. The explosive effects are largely confined to
the package, and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or
range are expected. An external fire must not cause virtually
instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the
package.
Examples of Division 1.4 explosives include line-throwing rockets,
practice ammunition, and signal cartridges.
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Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 143
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Explosives Class 1.5 Very insensitive explosives with mass explosion
hazard
Examples: Prilled ammonium nitrate fertilizer - fuel oil mixtures,
(blasting agents)
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Explosives Class 1.6 Extremely insensitive explosives
Examples:
Explosive squib devices
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.2.5 – Explosive; Division 1.5. Division 1.5 consists of very insensitive explosives. This division
comprises substances that have a mass explosion hazard but are so
insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of
transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of
transport.
Examples of Division 1.5 explosives include pilled ammonium
nitrate fertilizer fuel oil mixtures (blasting agents).
J.2.6 – Explosive; Division 1.6. Division 1.6 consists of extremely insensitive articles that do not
have a mass explosive hazard. This division comprises articles that
contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and that
demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or
propagation.
Example of Division 1.6 explosive include Explosive squib devices
Slide 144
Hazardous Material Training
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Major Hazard: BLEVE
Sub Hazards Flammable
Oxidizer
Poisonous
Nonflammable
Divided into 3 divisions
Class 2: Compressed Gases
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.3 Class 2 – Compressed Gases Class 2 (Compressed gas)
Major Hazards: BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor
Explosion)
Sub‑hazards: Flammable, oxidizer, poisonous, and nonflammable
Slide 145
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Compressed Gas Class 2.1 Flammable Gases
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
A material that is a gas at 68º F or less at 14.7
psi or has a boiling point of 68º degrees or less at
14.7 psi.
Ignitable at 14.7 psi in a mixture of 13% or less
by volume with air. Has a flammable range of at
least 12% regardless of the lower limit.
Examples:
Inhibited (stabilized) butadienes,
methyl chloride, propane
Flammable Gas Placard / label
Red Background
White Flame
Compressed Gases Flammable = Red background, white flame
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The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Slide 146
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Compressed Gas Placard / Label
Non-Flammable Gas Placard / Label Green Background
White Cylinder
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Compressed Gas Placard / Label
Oxidizer Placard / Label Yellow Background
Black Flaming letter “O”
“Oxygen”
Compressed Gas Class 2.2 - Non-Flammable / Non-Poisonous Gases
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
Compressed Gases
Non‑Flammable = Green background, white cylinder
Compressed Gases Oxidizer = Yellow background, flaming “O”
Slide 147
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Compressed Gas Class 2.2
Non-Flammable / Non-Poisonous Gases
Any material or mixture that exerts
absolute pressure of 41 psia at 68º
Compressed gases including:
liquefied gas
pressurized cryogenic gas
compressed gas in solution
Examples:
Anhydrous ammonia, cryogenic argon,
carbon dioxide, compressed nitrogen
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.3.2 – Compressed Gases; Division 2.2. Division 2.2 (nonflammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas,
including compressed gas, liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas,
and compressed gas in solution, asphyxiant gas, and oxidizing gas)
consists of materials (or mixtures) that exert in the packaging an
absolute pressure of 41 psi (280 kPa) at 68°F (20°C). A cryogenic
liquid is a refrigerated liquefied gas having a boiling point colder
than –130°F (–90°C) at 14.7 psi (101.3 kPa).
Examples of Division 2.2 gases include anhydrous ammonia,
cryogenic argon, carbon dioxide, and compressed nitrogen.
Slide 148
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Compressed Gas Placard / Label
Poison Gas Placard / Label White Background
Black Skull & Crossbones
“Toxic Gas”
White Skull & Crossbones on Black Diamond
“Inhalation Hazard”
Or 4 Digit Number
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Compressed Gas Class 2.3 - Poisonous Gas
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
Compressed Gases Poison Gas = White background, skull & crossbones
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Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 149
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Compressed Gas Class 2.3
Poisonous Gas
Vaporizes easily
Very dangerous to life even in small amounts.
Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to
health during transportation.
Presumed to be toxic because
of laboratory testing.
Examples:
Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride,
arsine chlorine and methyl bromide
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.3.3 – Compressed Gases; Division 2.3. Division 2.3 (gas poisonous by inhalation) consists of materials that
are a gas at 68°F (20°C) or less and a pressure of 14.7 psi, or 1
atm (101.3 kPa), have a boiling point of 68°F (20°C) or less at
14.7 psi (101.3 kPa), and have the following properties:
• Are known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to
health during transportation
• In the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, are
presumed to be toxic to humans because, when tested on
laboratory animals, they have an LC50 value of not more than
5000 ppm.
Examples of Division 2.3 gases include anhydrous hydrogen
fluoride, arsine, chlorine, and methyl bromide.
Slide 150
Hazardous Material Training
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Concentration of a material
Expressed as parts per million (PPM)
Kills half of the lab animals in a given length of time.
Significant in determining the toxicity of a material;
the lower the value, the more toxic the substance.
LC-50 - Lethal Concentration, 50%
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Division 2.3 Hazard Zones Hazard Zone A
LC 50 < or = 200 PPM
Hazard Zone B
LC50 >200 PPM < 1000 PPM
Hazard Zone C
LC 50 >1000 PPM < 3000 PPM
Hazard Zone B
LC50 > 3000 PPM < or = 5000 PPM
Compressed Gas Class 2.3 - Poisonous Gas
Definition of LC-50
An LC50 value is the concentration of a material in air that will kill
50% of the test subjects (animals, typically mice or rats) when
administered as a single exposure (typically 1 or 4 hours). Also
called the median lethal concentration and lethal concentration
50, this value gives you an idea of the relative acute toxicity of
an inhalable material.
J.3.3 – Compressed Gases; Division 2.3. Hazard zones associated with Division 2.3 materials are the
following:
• Hazard zone A – LC50 less than or equal to 200 ppm
• Hazard zone B – LC50 greater than 200 ppm and less than or
equal to 1000 ppm
• Hazard zone C – LC50 greater than 1000 ppm and less than or
equal to 3000 ppm
• Hazard zone D – LC50 greater than 3000 ppm and less than or
equal to 5000 ppm
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Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Slide 151
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Major Hazard: Burns readily
Definition of Flammable Liquid Any liquid having a flash point (FP) of
not more than 141 degrees F.
Class 3: Flammable / Combustible Liquids
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Flammable Liquid Three Divisions
3.1 - FP < 0 degrees F
3.2 - FP 0 to < 73 degrees F
3.3 - FP 73 to < 141 degrees F
Examples:Acetone, amyl acetate, gasoline,
methyl alcohol, and toluene
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.4 Class 3 – Flammable / Combustible Liquids. • Major Hazard: Burns readily
• Definition - (flammable liquid) any liquid having a flash point
of not more than 60.5°C (141° F).
J.4 Class 3 — Flammable Liquids. Flammable liquids are liquids having a flash point of not more than
140°F
(60°C) or materials in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above
100°F
(37.8°C) that are intentionally heated and offered for transportation
or transported at or above their flash point in a bulk packaging.
Examples of Class 3 liquids include acetone, amyl acetate,
gasoline, methyl alcohol, and toluene.
• Division 3.1 ‑ Flash point < 0°F
• Division 3.2 ‑ Flash point 0°F to <73°F
• Division 3.3 ‑ Flash point 73°F to <141°F
•
Slide 152
Hazardous Material Training
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Combustible Liquid Any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard
class and has a flash point above 140 degrees F and below 200 degrees F.
NOTE: A flammable liquid with a flash point at or above 100 degrees
that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class except 9,
may be reclassified as combustible.
Examples:
Mineral oil. Peanut oil,
No. 6 fuel oil
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Flammable / Combustible Placard / Label Flammable Placards / Label
Red Background
White Flame
“Flammable” or
“Combustible” or
4 digit ID Number
(Flammable Label Only)
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.4.1 Combustible Liquids. Combustible liquids are liquids that do not meet the definition of
any other hazard class and that have a flash point above 140°F
(60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).
Flammable liquids with a flash point above 100°F (38°C) can be
reclassified as combustible liquids.
Examples of combustible liquids include mineral oil, peanut oil,
and No. 6 fuel oil.
Slide 153
Hazardous Material Training
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Major Hazard: Rapid combustion with a liberation of mass quantities of smoke (toxic).
Divided into 3 divisions
Class 4: Flammable Solids
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.5 Class 4 – Flammable Solids. Major Hazard: Rapid combustion with a liberation of mass
quantities of smoke (toxic)
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Chapter 3
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The Connecticut Fire Academy
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Slide 154
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Three Types Desensitized explosives
Self-reactive materials
Readily combustible solids
Examples:
Magnesium (pellets, turnings,
or ribbons), nitrocellulose
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Flammable Solids Class 4.1
Division 4.1 Placard / Label Red & White Vertical Stripes
Black Flame
“Flammable Solid”
Flammable Solids Placards / Labels
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.5.1 – Flammable Solids; Division 4.1. Division 4.1 (flammable solids) comprises the following three types
of materials:
• Desensitized explosives – explosives wetted with sufficient
water, alcohol, or plasticizers to suppress explosive properties
• Self-reactive materials – materials that are thermally unstable
and that can undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even
with participation of oxygen (air)
• Readily combustible solids – solids that can cause a fire
through friction and any metal powders that can be ignited.
Examples of Division 4.1 materials include magnesium (pellets,
turnings, or ribbons) and nitrocellulose.
Slide 155
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Wetted Explosives Explosives wetted with sufficient water, alcohol,
or a plasticizer to suppress explosive properties.
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Flammable Solids Class 4.1
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Self-Reactive Materials Materials that are thermally unstable and that can
undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition
even with participation of oxygen
Readily Combustible Solids
Solids that can cause a fire through friction
Metal powders that can be ignited.
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
Flammable Solids – Wetted Explosives
• Desensitized explosives – explosives wetted with sufficient
water, alcohol, or plasticizers to suppress explosive properties
Flammable Solids – Self Reactive Materials
• Self-reactive materials – materials that are thermally unstable
and that can undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even
with participation of oxygen (air)
Flammable Solids – Readily Combustible Solids
• Readily combustible solids — solids that can cause a fire
through friction and any metal powders that can be ignited.
Slide 156
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Self-Heating Materials
A material that, when in contact with air and without an energy supply, is liable to self-heat.
Examples: Aluminum alkyls, charcoal briquettes, magnesium alkyls, and phosphorus
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Spontaneously Combustible Class 4.2
Pyrophoric Materials A liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition
source, can ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact with air.
Division 4.2 Placard / Label
White Top
Red Bottom
Black Flame
“Spontaneously Combustible”
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Flammable Solids Placards / Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.5.2 – Spontaneously Combustible; Division 4.2. Division 4.2 (spontaneously combustible material) comprises the
following materials:
• Self-heating materials – materials that, when in contact with
air and without an
energy supply, are liable to self-heat
Examples of Division 4.2 materials include aluminum alkyls,
charcoal briquettes, magnesium alkyls, and phosphorus.
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Slide 157
Hazardous Material Training
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Dangerous When Wet Class 4.3 Material that, by contact with water is liable to become spontaneously
flammable
Or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate of greater than 1 l/kg of the material, per hour.
Examples:
Calcium carbide, magnesium powder, potassium metal alloys and sodium hydride
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Division 4.3 Placard / Label
Blue Background
White Flame
“Dangerous When Wet”
Dangerous When Wet Placard
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.5.3 – Dangerous When Wet; Division 4.3. Division 4.3 (dangerous-when-wet materials) comprises of
materials that, by contact with water, are liable to become
spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a
rate greater than 1 L/kg of the material per hour.
Examples of Division 4.3 materials include calcium carbide,
magnesium powder, potassium metal alloys, and sodium hydride.
Slide 158
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Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations
Division 5.1 & 5.2
Yellow Background
“New” Red/Yellow Split
Black Flame
Division 5.1 & 5.2
“Oxidizer” (5.1)
“Organic Peroxide” (5.2)
4 Digit Number
Oxidizers Placards / Labels
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Class 5: Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides Major Hazard 5.1:
Supports combustion and intensifies fire.
Major Hazard 5.2:
Unstable/reactive explosives
Divided into 2 divisions
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.6 Class 5 – Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides.
• Major Hazards 5.1: Supports combustion, intensifies fire
• Major Hazards 5.2: Unstable/reactive explosives
Placards – Oxidizer & Organic Peroxide 5.1 – Yellow background, black flaming “O” with the word;
“Oxidizer”
5.2 – Yellow background, black flaming “O” with the words;
“Organic Peroxide” NOTE: “OLD PLACARD”
5.2 – Split; Bottom Yellow, Top Red background, black flaming
“O” with the
words, “Organic Peroxide” NOTE: “NEW PLACARD”
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 159 Oxidizers Class 5.1
Materials that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.
Examples: Ammonium nitrate, bromine
trifluoride, calcium hypochlorite
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Organic Peroxide Class 5.2Any organic compound containing oxygen in the bivalent O-O structure
that may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or
more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.
Organic peroxides have been further broken down into types a-g
(worst to least hazardous).
Examples:Dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, peroxyacetic
acid
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.6.1 – Oxidizers; Division 5.1. Division 5.1 (oxidizers) comprises materials that can, generally by
yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other
materials.
Examples of Division 5.1 materials include ammonium nitrate,
bromine trifluoride, and calcium hypochlorite.
J.6.2 – Organic Peroxide; Division 5.2. • Division 5.2 (organic peroxides) comprises organic compounds
that contain oxygen (O) in the bivalent -O-O- structure that can
be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or
more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic
radicals.
Examples of Division 5.2 materials include Dibenzoyl peroxide,
methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, and peroxyacetic acid.
Division 5.2 (organic peroxide) materials are assigned to one of the
following seven types: Type A – organic peroxides that can detonate or deflagrate rapidly as
packaged for transport.
Transportation of Type A organic peroxides is forbidden.
Type B – organic peroxides that neither detonate nor deflagrate rapidly but
that can undergo a thermal explosion.
Type C – organic peroxides that neither detonate nor deflagrate rapidly
and that cannot undergo a thermal explosion.
Type D – organic peroxides that detonate only partially or deflagrate
slowly, with medium to no effect when heated under confinement.
Type E – organic peroxide that neither detonate nor deflagrate and that
show low or no effect when heated under confinement.
Type F – organic peroxides that will not detonate, do not deflagrate, show
only a low or no effect if heated when confined, and have low or no
explosive power.
Type G – organic peroxides that will not detonate, do not deflagrate, show
no effect if heated when confined, have no explosive power, are
thermally stable, and are desensitized
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 160
Major Hazard:
Toxicity, Infectious
Divided into 2 divisions
Class 6: Poisonous Materials
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Division 6.1 & 6.2
White Background
Black Skull & Crossbones
“Poison” (6.1)
“Infectious Substance” (6.2)
4 Digit Number
Poisonous & Infectious Placards
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.7 Class 6 – Poisonous Materials
• Major Hazards: Toxicity, infectious
Placard – Poisonous & Infectious
White background, skull & crossbones
Slide 161 Poisonous Materials 6.1
A material, other than a gas, that is either known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation, or in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans, including irritating materials that cause irritation.
Examples: Aniline, Arsenic Compounds, Carbon Tetrachloride, hydrocyanic acid, Tear Gas
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes disease in humans or animals.
Infectious substance and etiologic agents are synonymous.
Hazard Zone A: LC-50 <200 ppm
Hazard Zone B: LC-50 200ppm - 1000 ppm
Examples: Anthrax, botulism, rabies, tetanus and polio virus
Infectious Substances 6.2 (labels Only)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.7.1 – Poisonous Materials; Division 6.1. Division 6.1 (poisonous materials) comprises materials other than
gases that either are known to be so toxic to humans as to
afford a hazard to health during transportation or in the absence
of adequate data on human toxicity are presumed to be toxic to
humans, including materials that cause irritation.
Examples of Division 6.1 materials include aniline, arsenic
compounds, carbon tetrachloride, hydrocyanic acid, and tear
gas.
J.7.2 – Infectious Substances; (labels Only) Division 6.2. Division 6.2 (infectious substances) comprises materials known to
contain or suspected of containing a pathogen. A pathogen is a
micro-organism (including viruses, plasmids, and other genetic
elements) or a proteinaceous infectious particle (prion) that has
the potential to cause disease in humans or animals. The terms
infectious substance and etiologic agent are synonymous.
Examples of Division 6.2 materials include anthrax, botulism,
rabies, and tetanus.
Hazard zones associated with Class 6 materials are as follows:
• Hazard zone A — LC50 less than or equal to 200 ppm
• Hazard zone B — LC50 greater than 200 ppm and less than or
equal to 1000 ppm
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 162
Major Hazard: Radioactive poisonous burns
Definition: Materials having a specific activity greater than
0.002 microcurie per gram.
Divided into 3 Divisions
Examples: Cobalt, uranium, hexafluoride,
yellow cake
Class 7: Radioactive Materials
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.8 Class 7 – Radioactive Materials. Radioactive material is any material containing radionuclides where
both the activity concentration and the total activity in the
consignment exceed specified values.
Examples of Class 7 materials include cobalt, uranium
hexafluoride, and “yellow cake.”
Slide 163
Division 7 White / Yellow Split Background Black Trefoil or Magenta Trefoil “Radioactive” (7)
Class 7: Radioactive Materials Placards
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Class 7: Radioactive Materials Labels Division 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 Labels
White / White (7.1) White / Yellow Split 7.2 & 7.3
Black Trefoil
“Radioactive” with Roman Numeral I, II, III
Low Level Medium Level Highest Level
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
Placards – Radioactive
Yellow top, white bottom, black or magenta “propeller” called
Trefoil
Labels – Radioactive – Three (3) categories
• Radioactive White-I
Almost no radiation
0.5 mR/hr maximum on surface
No use of “Transport Index”
• Radioactive Yellow-II
Low radiation levels
50 mR/hr maximum on surface
1 mR/hr maximum at one meter
Transport Index Required
• Radioactive Yellow-III
Higher radiation levels
200 mR/hr maximum on surface
10 mR/hr maximum at one meter
Also required for fissile class-III or large quantity
shipments,
regardless of radiation level
Transport Index Required
Instructor Note: Emphasize these are Labels Only
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 164
Major Hazard:Burns / Emulsification skin damage.
Definition: A liquid or solid that cause full thickness destruction of skin at the site of contact, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.
Examples: Nitric acid, phosphorus trichloride,
sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid
Class 8: Corrosive Materials
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Class 8: Corrosive Materials Placards / Label
Division 8 Placard / Label
Black / White Split Background
Black Steel bar / Hand damaged
“Corrosive” or
4 Digit Number
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.9 Class 8 — Corrosive Materials. Corrosive materials are liquids or solids that cause full-thickness
destruction of skin at the site of contact within a specified period of
time. A liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum
is also a corrosive material.
Examples of Class 8 materials include nitric acid, phosphorus
trichloride, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid.
Placard – Corrosive
White Top, black bottom, two test tubes pouring liquid,
hand and steel bar with damage to surface
Slide 165
Definition: A material that presents a hazard during transport, but that do not meet
the definition of any other hazard class
Examples: Adipic acid, PCBs, molten sulfur
Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials Placard / Label
Division 9 Placard / Label
Black / White Split Background
Black / White Bars Top Half
White Bottom Half
“Blank” or
4 digit Number
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.10 Class 9 – Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials. Miscellaneous hazardous materials are materials that present a
hazard during transport but that do not meet the definition of
any other hazard class.
Miscellaneous hazardous materials, include the following:
• Any material that has an anesthetic, noxious, or other similar
property that could cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to a
flight crew member so as to prevent the correct
performance of assigned duties
• Any material that is not included in any other hazard class but
that is subject to DOT requirements (e.g. elevated-temperature
material, hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine
pollutant).
Examples of Class 9 materials include adipic acid, hazardous
substances
(e.g., PCBs), and molten sulfur.
• Division 9.1 – Miscellaneous dangerous goods (Canada)
• Division 9.2 – Environmentally hazardous substances (Canada)
• Division 9.3 – Dangerous wastes (Canada)
Placard – Miscellaneous
Black and white vertical stripes on top, white bottom
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 166 Dangerous Placard
May be placarded as “Dangerous” if 2 or
more categories of items that require
different placards from Table 2 are being
shipped on the same container.
If more than 2,205 lbs of one category of
material is loaded at one loading facility,
the placard from Table 2 must apply
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
Dangerous Placard
Taken from the DOT CHART for Hazardous Materials Marking,
Labeling and
Placarding Guide
A freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle or rail car
which contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of
hazardous materials that require different placards specified in
Table 2 may be placarded with “DANGEROUS” placards instead
of the specific placards required for each of the materials in Table
2.
However, when 1,000 kg (2,205 lbs) or more of one category of
materials is loaded at one loading facility, the placard specified in
Table 2 must be applied.
Slide 167
Definition: Materials that presents a limited hazard during transportation due to
their: Form Quantity Packaging
No Placards (labels only)
Examples: Consumer commodities, small arms ammunition
ORM-D Materials
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
Other Regulated Materials - Domestic
Forbidden Definition: Materials prohibited from being offered or accepted for transportation.
Does not apply if the materials are diluted, stabilized, or incorporated in devices. There is no placard for these items since they aren't transported.
Examples: Class 5.2 Type A materials
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.11 ORM-D Material.
Other Regulated Materials – Domestic
ORM-D materials are materials that present a limited hazard during
transportation due to their form, quantity, and packaging.
Examples of ORM-D materials include consumer commodities and
small arms ammunition.
J.12 Forbidden. Forbidden means prohibited from being offered or accepted for
transportation.
Prohibition does not apply if these materials are diluted, stabilized,
or incorporated into devices.
Division 5.2 Generic Types
49CFR 173.128(b)
Division 5.2 organic peroxides are assigned to a generic system
which consists of seven types. An organic peroxide identified by
technical name in the Organic
Peroxides Table in 49CFR 173.225 is assigned to a generic type in
accordance with that Table. Organic peroxides not identified in the
Organic Peroxides Table are assigned to generic types under the
procedures of paragraph (c) of this section.
Type A. Organic peroxide type A is an organic peroxide which can
detonate or deflagrate rapidly as packaged for transport.
Transportation of type A organic peroxides is forbidden.
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 168 Elevated – Temperature Material
Definition: Materials that, when offered for transportation in a bulk
packaging, meets one of the following conditions:
Liquid at or above 212ºF (100ºC) Liquid with a flash point at or above 100ºF (37º8C)
that are intentionally heated and transported at or above its flash point.
Solid at or above 464ºF (240ºC)
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
J.14 Elevated – Temperature Material. Elevated temperature materials are materials that, when offered for
transportation
in a bulk packaging, meet one of the following conditions:
• Are liquid at or above 212°F (100°C)
• Are liquid with a flash point at or above 100°F (37.8°C) and are
intentionally
heated and transported at or above their flash point
• Are solid at or above 464°F (240°C)
J.14 Elevated – Temperature Material. Elevated temperature materials are materials that, when offered for
transportation
in a bulk packaging, meet one of the following conditions:
Examples of :
“HOT” Placard
“HOT” Placard with Identification Number
Slide 169
Category of Material Placard Name
1.1 Explosives 1.1
1.2 Explosives 1.2
1.3 Explosives 1.3
2.3 Poison Gas
4.3 Dangerous When Wet
5.2 Type B, Liquid or Solid, temperature controlled Organic Peroxide
6.1 Materials “Poisonous by Inhalation” Only Poison Inhalation Hazard
7 Radioactive Yellow III label Only Radioactive
Placarding Table 1Placard Any Quantity
See DOT Chart: Hazardous Materials Marking, Labeling, Placarding
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
Table 1 from DOT CHART for Hazardous Materials Marking,
Labeling and
Placarding Guide
Slide 170
Category of Material Placard Name
1.4 Explosives 1.4
1.5 Explosives 1.5
1.6 Explosives 1.6
2.1 Flammable Gas
2.2 Non-Flammable Gas
3 Flammable
Combustible Liquid Combustible
4.1 Flammable Solid
4.2 Spontaneously Combustible
Placarding Table 2Placard 1,001 Pounds (lbs.) or more
See DOT Chart: Hazardous Materials Marking, Labeling, Placarding
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
Table 2 from DOT CHART for Hazardous Materials Marking,
Labeling and
Placarding Guide
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 171
Category of Material Placard Name
5.1 Oxidizer
5.2 Other than Type B Identified in Table 1 Organic Peroxide
6.1 Other than materials Poisonous by Inhalation Poison
6.2 (None)
8 Corrosive
9 Class 9
ORM-D (None)
Placarding Table 2 – Continued
Placard 1,001 Pounds (lbs.) or more
See DOT Chart: Hazardous Materials Marking, Labeling, Placarding
NFPA 4.2.1(9)
IdentificationPlacards & Labels
4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
Table 2 from DOT CHART for Hazardous Materials Marking,
Labeling and
Placarding Guide
Slide 172 Material Safety Data Sheets / Shipping Papers
Why Necessary? Federal Hazard Communication Laws
Right to Know
Employees
Mandatory local communication on hazards
OSHA MSDS on file for all chemicals
Stored or Used
With facility manager/employer
NFPA 4.2.1(10)(a)
4.2.1(10)(a) Identify where to find MSDS.
• Where to find Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
• Why they are necessary
• Federal hazard communication laws
• Right to know
(Where employees can get to the information easily)
• Mandatory local communication on hazards
• OSHA has required all establishments to keep on file
an MSDS for each
chemical stored or used on site
• Central location at facility
• With facility manager/employer
Slide 173
1. Identification
2. Composition / Information
on Ingredients
3. Hazards Identification
4. First Aid Measures
5. Fire Fighting Measures
Instructor Note: Hand Out Sample MSDS Sheets to Students
NFPA 4.2.1(10)(b)
MSDS Information RequirementsNew GHS Documents
IdentificationMSDS / Shipping Papers
6. Accidental Release
Measures
7. Handling and Storage
8. Exposure Controls /Personal
Protection
9. Physical and Chemical
Properties
10. Stability and Reactivity
4.2.1(10)(b) Identify major sections of an MSDS. MSDSs have 16 sections under the ANSI MSDS standard:
GHS ? – Globally Harmonized System of classification and
labeling of chemicals
• Substance Identity and Company Contact Information
• Chemical Composition and Data on Components
• Hazards Identification
• First Aid Measures
• Fire-Fighting Measures
• Accidental Release Measures
• Handling and Storage
• Exposure Controls and Personal Protection
• Physical and Chemical Properties
• Stability and Reactivity
• Toxicological Information
• Ecological Information
• Disposal Considerations
• Transport Information
• Regulations
• Other information
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Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
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Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 174
New GHS Documents
11. Toxicological Information
12. Ecological Information
13. Disposal Considerations
14. Transport Information
15. Regulatory Information
16. Other Information
NFPA 4.2.1(10)(b)
Old Still Used Documents
TOP Chemical Identity
I. Manufacturer’s Name &
Location
II. Hazardous Ingredients
III. Physical Data
IV. Fire & Explosion Data
V. Reactivity (Instability) Data
VI. Health Hazard Data
VII. Precautions for Safe
Handling
VIII. Control Measures
MSDS Information Requirements
IdentificationMSDS / Shipping Papers
4.2.1(10)(b) Identify major sections of an MSDS. MSDSs have 16 sections under the ANSI MSDS standard:
GHS ? – Globally Harmonized System of classification and
labeling of chemicals
• Substance Identity and Company Contact Information
• Chemical Composition and Data on Components
• Hazards Identification
• First Aid Measures
• Fire-Fighting Measures
• Accidental Release Measures
• Handling and Storage
• Exposure Controls and Personal Protection
• Physical and Chemical Properties
• Stability and Reactivity
• Toxicological Information
• Ecological Information
• Disposal Considerations
• Transport Information
• Regulations
• Other information
Their may still be older MSDS sheets in the field,
This list is what was required at that time
Slide 175
• Product Identification Number
• STCC number (Standard Transportation Commodity Code)
• 7 digit number
• Applies to rail only
• CAS number (Chemical Abstract Services)
• chemical’s social security number• Proper Shipping Name
• Hazard Class and Division
• Packaging Group
NFPA 4.2.1(10)(c)
MSDS Information Requirements
IdentificationMSDS / Shipping Papers
4.2.1(10)(c) Identify the entries on shipping papers that indicate
the presence of hazardous materials.
• Product identification number
• STCC number (Standard Transportation Commodity
Code)
The Standard Transportation Commodity Code (STCC)
Number
contains a product class STCC code that corresponds to
the
Hazardous Material Response code (appears for 49-
series only).
• 7 digit number
• Applies to rail only
• CAS number (chemical’s social security number) are
unique numerical identifiers for chemical elements,
compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures
and alloys. They are also referred to as CAS
numbers, CAS RNs or CAS #s.
• Proper shipping name
• Hazard class or division
• Packing groups
DOT “Final Rule”: published December 29, 2006, changes order
of description
Effective 01/01/2013 [49 CFR 171.14(e), 71 FR 78612]
Identification Number – First, then Proper Shipping Name, the
Hazard Class(es), then Packing Group.
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 176
1. Hazardous Materials Listed First on Sheet
2. Hazardous Materials – Color Highlighted
3. Hazardous Materials – Have Letter “X”
or “RQ” prior to Name of Chemical
a) RQ – Stands for Reportable Quantity
NFPA 4.2.1(10)(c)
MSDS Information Requirements
IdentificationMSDS / Shipping Papers
4.2.1(10)(c) continued
• Hazardous Materials Listed First on Sheet
• Hazardous Materials – Color Highlighted
• Hazardous Materials – Have Letter “X” or “RQ” prior to Name
of Chemical
a) RQ – Stands for Reportable Quantity
Slide 177
NFPA 4.2.1(10)(d) & (e) & (f)
Identify:
What are the Shipping Papers Called?
Who is Responsible for them?
Where would they be Located?
HighwayCalled:
Person Responsible:
Location:Driver
Bill of Lading
Freight Bill
In the Cab
RailCalled:
Person Responsible:
Location:
Consist (The Cars Make up the Train)
Way Bill (Detailed Information on the Cars)
Engineer / Conductor
Member of the Crew - Engineer
IdentificationShipping Papers
4.2.1(10)(d),(e),(f)
• Highway
• Called “Bill of Lading”, or “Freight Bill”
• Person responsible – driver
• Located in cab
• Rail
• Called “Waybill” and “Consist”
• Person responsible - conductor or engineer
• Located in with member of train crew
Slide 178
NFPA 4.2.1(10)(d) & (e) & (f)
Identify:
What are the Shipping Papers Called?
Who is Responsible for them?
Where would they be Located?
WaterCalled:
Person Responsible:
Location:Captain or Master
Dangerous
Cargo Manifest
WheelhouseTube Container on Barge
AirCalled:
Person Responsible:
Location:
Air Bill
Pilot
Cockpit / Flight Deck
Attached to Package
IdentificationShipping Papers
4.2.1(10)(d),(e),(f)
• Water
• Called “Dangerous Cargo Manifest”
• Person responsible- captain or Master
• Located in the wheelhouse or in a tube-like container
on a barge
• Air
• Called the “Air Bill”
• Person responsible - pilot
• Located in the cockpit/flight deck or attached to a
package.
Slide 179
“CHEMTREC”
VideoApproximately 14 Minutes
Shipping Papers can be found in an
emergency in each mode of transportation
Can Be Obtained:
Shipper / Manufacturer
Through “CHEMTREC”
OPTIONAL NFPA 4.2.1(10)(g)
IdentificationShipping Papers
4.2.1(10)(g) continued
Instructor Note Only:
Now that we have mentioned them as a Point of Contact to assist
Responders
Show Video that will Introduce “Chemtrec” to the students
13:54 minutes in length – auto start with next slide
Now may be a time to let students break so they see entire video
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Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 180
4.2.1(10)(g) continued
Video will auto start
Slide 181
Identify examples of clues (other than occupancy / location, container shape, markings / colors,
placards / labels, MSDS, and shipping papers)the sight, sound, and odor of which indicate
hazardous materials / WMD.
NFPA 4.2.1(11)
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMD
4.2.1(11) Identify examples of clues (other than occupancy/
location, container shape, markings/color, placards/ labels, MSDS,
and shipping papers) the sight, sound, and odor of which indicate
hazardous materials/WMD.
A.4.2.1(11) These clues include odors, gas leaks, fire or vapor
cloud, visible corrosive actions or chemical reactions, pooled
liquids, hissing of pressure releases, condensation lines on pressure
tanks, injured victims, or casualties.
Slide 182 Indicators of possible criminal
or terrorist activity involving Chemical agents.
1) Warning or credible threat received
2) Laboratory Equipment not Relevant to Occupancy
3) Intentional Release of Hazardous Material / WMD
4) Sudden Onset Non-Traumatic illnesses or deaths
5) Unexplained Odor or Taste – Not common to area
6) Multiple Victims with Signs of Skin, Eye, Airway Irritation
NFPA 4.2.1(15)
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDChemical
4.2.1(15) Identify at least four indicators of possible criminal or
terrorist activity involving chemical agents.
A.4.2.1(15) The following are examples of indicators of possible
criminal or Terrorist activity
involving chemical agents:
• Warning or Credible Threat Received.
• The presence of hazardous materials/WMD or laboratory
equipment that is not relevant to the occupancy.
• Intentional release of hazardous materials/WMD.
• Unexplained patterns of sudden onset of similar, non-traumatic
illnesses or deaths (patterns that might be geographic, by
employer, or associated with agent dissemination methods).
• Unexplained odors or tastes that are out of character with the
surroundings
• Multiple individuals exhibiting unexplained signs of skin, eye,
or airway irritation
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Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 183 Indicators of possible criminal
or terrorist activity involving Chemical agents.
7) Unexplained bomb or munitions like material,
especially if it contains a liquid
8) Unexplained Vapor Clouds, Mist and Plumes
9) Multiple Victims with health problems such as nausea, vomiting, twitching, sweating, miosis, convulsions;
10) Land and Water Surfaces with Oily droplets / film
11) Dead, discolored, abnormal in appearance or withered; Trees, shrubs, bushes, food crops, lawns (not due to current drought)
12) Abnormal number of Sick, Dead Birds, Animals, Fish
13) Unusual Security, locks, barred or covered windows, barbered wire
NFPA 4.2.1(15)
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDChemical
4.2.1(15) continued
7. Unexplained bomb- or munitions-like material, especially if it
contains a liquid
8. Unexplained vapor clouds, mists, and plumes
9. Multiple individuals exhibiting unexplained health problems
such as nausea, vomiting, twitching, tightness in chest,
sweating, pinpoint pupils (miosis), runny nose (rhinorrhea),
disorientation, difficulty breathing, convulsions, or death
10. Trees, shrubs, bushes, food crops, and/or lawns that are dead,
discolored,
abnormal in appearance, or withered (not due to a current
drought and not just a patch of dead weeds)
• Surfaces exhibiting oily droplets/films and unexplained oily
film on water surfaces
• An abnormal number of sick or dead birds, animals, or fish
• Unusual security, locks, bars on windows, covered windows,
or barbed wire
•
Slide 184
S – Salivation
L – Lacrimation
U – Urination
D – Defecation
G – Gastrointestinal Upset
E – Emesis
M – Miosis
NFPA 4.2.1(15)
Indicators of possible criminalor terrorist activity involving Chemical agents.
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDChemical
What does SLUDGEM stand for?
(mnemonic for symptoms of nerve agent poisoning)
Salivation – Uncontrollable Saliva production
Lacrimation – Tearing of the eyes
Urination – Uncontrollable Bladder movement
Defecation – Uncontrollable bowel movement
Gastrointestinal upset – Severe Cramping
Emesis – Throwing Up
Miosis – Pin Point Pupils
Slide 185 Indicators of possible criminal
or terrorist activity involving Biological agents.
1) Warning or credible threat received
2) Unusual number of sick or dying people or animals (any number of symptoms, most Flu like, varied species)
3) Time delay before symptoms are observed, depends on agent used
4) Health care facilities reporting multiple casualties with similar signs or symptoms over large land area
5) Unscheduled or unusual spray being disseminated,
especially if outdoors during periods of darkness
6) Abandoned spray devices (with No Distinct Odor)
7) Non-endemic illness for geographic area
8) Casualty distribution aligned with Wind Direction
NFPA 4.2.1(16)
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDBiological
4.2.1(16) Identify at least four indicators of possible criminal or
terrorist activity involving biological agents.
A.4.2.1(16) The following are examples of indicators of possible
criminal or terrorist
activity involving biological agents:
• Warning or Credible Threat Received.
• Unusual number of sick or dying people or animals (often of
different species)
(any number of symptoms; most are flu like)
• Time delay before symptoms are observed dependent on the
agent used but
usually days to weeks)
• Healthcare facilities reporting multiple casualties with similar
signs or symptoms
• Unscheduled or unusual spray being disseminated, especially if
outdoors during
period of darkness
• Abandoned spray devices (devices with no distinct odors)
• Non-endemic (not common) illness for geographic area
• Casualty distribution aligned with wind direction
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Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 186 Indicators of possible criminal or
terrorist activity involving Radiological agents.
1) Warning or credible threat received
2) Radiation detected through monitoring
3) Extremely large / Powerful Explosion
4) Possible Mushroom Cloud
5) Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)
6) Signs and symptoms of radiation sickness
7) Radiological packaging left unattended
8) Extreme weight of package due to shielding
9) Material hot or emits heat without external source
10) Glowing Material – Some radioactive emit radio luminescence
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDRadiological
NFPA 4.2.1(17)
4.2.1(17) Identify at least four indicators of possible criminal or
terrorist activity involving radiological agents.
• Warning or credible threat received
• Radiation detected through monitoring
• Extremely large / Powerful Explosion,
• Possible Mushroom Cloud, regardless of size of device
• Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)
• Signs and symptoms of radiation sickness; Nausea, Fatigue,
Hair Loss, Low
Blood Count
• Radiological packaging left unattended
• Extreme weight of package due to shielding
• Material hot or emits heat without external source
• Glowing Material – Some radioactive emit radioluminescence
Slide 187
1) Unusual Security Systems and Devices
2) Windows / Opening covered with plastic or tinfoil
3) Strong Solvent odors
4) Odor of Ammonia, Starting Fluid, Ether
5) Iodine / Chemical stained fixtures
6) Discoloration of structures, pavement, soil
7) Unusual Structures
8) Increased activity, especially at night
9) Excessive trash, large amounts similar remnants
10) Knowledge that Renters pay landlords in cash
Indicators of possible criminal
or terrorist activity involving Illicit laboratories(clandestine labs, weapons lab, ricin lab)
NFPA 4.2.1(18)
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDIllicit Laboratories
4.2.1(18) Identify at least four indicators of possible criminal or
terrorist activity involving illicit laboratories (clandestine
laboratories, weapons lab, ricin lab).
• Unusual Security Systems and Devices
• Windows / Opening covered with plastic or tinfoil
• Strong Solvent odors
• Odor of Ammonia, Starting Fluid, Ether
• Iodine / Chemical stained fixtures
• Discoloration of structures, pavement, soil
• Unusual Structures
• Increased activity, especially at night
• Excessive trash, large amounts similar remnants
• Knowledge that Renters pay landlords in cash
Slide 188
1) Warning or credible threat received
2) Reports of “Explosion” or actual “Explosion”
3) Accelerant Odors
4) Multiple fires or explosions
5) Incendiary device or bomb components
6) Unusually fast burning
6) Unusual Colored smoke or flames
7) Propane or other flammable cylinders in unusual locations
8) Unattended packages / backpacks / objects left in high traffic area
9) Excessive Damage not normally seen
a) bent steel, shattered concrete
10) Shrapnel evidence; nuts, bolts, nails
Indicators of possible criminal
or terrorist activity involving Explosives
NFPA 4.2.1(19)
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDExplosives
4.2.1(19) Identify at least four indicators of possible criminal or
terrorist activity involving explosives.
• Warning or credible threat received
• Reports of “Explosion” or actual “Explosion”
• Accelerant Odors
• Multiple fires or explosions
• Incendiary device or bomb components
• Unusually fast burning
Unusual Colored smoke or flames
Propane or other flammable cylinders in unusual locations
Unattended packages / backpacks / objects left in high traffic
area
Excessive Damage not normally seen, bent steel, shattered
concrete
Shrapnel evidence; nuts, bolts, nails
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 189
1) Containers with unknown liquids or materials
2) Unusual devices or containers with electronic components: such as – wires, circuit boards, antennas, cell phones
3) Devices containing quantities of fuses, fireworks, match heads, black powder, smokeless powder, incendiary materials
4) Ordinance such as blasting caps, detonation cord, military / commercial explosives, grenades
NFPA 4.2.1(20)
Indicators of Secondary Devices
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDSecondary Devices
4.2.1(20) Identify at least four indicators of secondary devices.
A.4.2.1(20) An evaluation of the scene for secondary devices
would include the following safety steps:
• Containers with unknown liquids or materials
• Unusual devices or containers with electronic components:
such as – wires, circuit boards, antennas, cell phones
• Devices containing quantities of fuses, fireworks, match heads,
black powder, smokeless powder, incendiary materials
• Ordnance such as blasting caps, detcord, military / commercial
explosives, grenades
Slide 190
NFPA 4.2.1(20)
“Safety Tips” for Secondary Devices
• Evaluate the scene for likely areas where secondary devices might be placed.
• Visually scan operating areas for a secondary device.
• Avoid touching or moving anything that might conceal an explosive device.
• Designate and enforce scene control zones.
• Evacuate victims, other responders, and nonessential personnel as quickly and as safely as possible.
Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDSecondary Devices
4.2.1(20) Identify at least four indicators of secondary devices.
A.4.2.1(20) An evaluation of the scene for secondary devices
would include the following safety steps:
• Evaluate the scene for likely areas where secondary devices
might be placed.
• Visually scan operating areas for a secondary device.
• Avoid touching or moving anything that might conceal an
explosive device.
• Designate and enforce scene control zones.
• Evacuate victims, other responders, and nonessential personnel
as quickly and as safely as possible.
Slide 191
Hazardous materials that are manufactured, stored, processed,
or used at a particular site are NOTsubject to regulations affecting
Transported materials.
Collecting Hazard Information
NFPA 4.2.2(1)
4.2.2(1) continued
Remind students that laws and regulations and local requirements
are different
for Fixed Facilities vs. Transportation
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 192 Difficulties encountered in determining
the specific names of hazardous materials / WMD
FacilitiesPlacard or Label Missing
Hazard Class but No Product Identifier
Mixed Loads with Only One Placard
Error in Placarding or Labeling
Shipping Papers not Accessible
Transportation Placards or Labels Missing
No Specific Product Names (placards/labels)
Mixed Loads
Shipping Papers Not Available
Collecting Hazard Information
NFPA 4.2.2(1)
4.2.2(1) Identify difficulties encountered in determining the
specific names of hazardous materials/WMD at facilities and in
transportation.
Facilities
•Placard or Label Missing
•Hazard Class but No Product Identifier
•Mixed Loads with Only One Placard
•Error in Placarding or Labeling
•Shipping Papers not Accessible
Transportation
•Placards or Labels Missing
•No Specific Product Names (placards/labels)
•Mixed Loads
•Shipping Papers Not Available
Slide 193
Sources for obtaining names of hazardous materials in a facility.
Material Safety Data Sheets
Markings on Storage Containers
Emergency Planning Documents
NFPA 4.2.2(3)
Collecting Hazard InformationFacilities
4.2.2(3) Identify sources for obtaining the names of hazardous
materials / WMD at a facility.
MSDS sheets can identify specific information
Marking on Containers may identify materials
Emergency Planning Documents and Pre-Incident Planning are
excellent resources provided they are maintained and current.
Slide 194 • Hazardous occupancies and problem locations
should be identified and evaluated during pre-incident planning
• Personnel developing the Pre-Incident Plansshould seek assistance from the facility manager in identifying hazardous materials locations and recording them on the plan in a way that will be useful to the first-arriving companies.
NFPA 4.2.2(1)
Collecting Hazard InformationPre-Planning
4.2.2(1) continued
Now is a good time to stress the importance of Pre-Incident
Planning
Following normal Inspection routine;
The Responder should make contact first and request permission
for a walk
through type inspection and note all hazards, particularly the
storage and
location and quantity of Hazardous Materials
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 195 Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
NFPA 4.2.3(1)
Emergency Response Guidebook
Shipping Papers
4.2.2(2) Identify sources for obtaining the names of, UN/NA
identification numbers for, or types of placard associated with
hazardous materials / WMD in transportation.
Emergency Response Guidebook is a most valuable resource to
accomplish this.
Shipping papers should also be able to provide the needed
information.
4.2.3* Collecting Hazard Information. Given the identity of
various hazardous materials / WMD (name, UN/NA identification
number, or type placard), awareness level personnel shall identify
the fire, explosion, and health hazard information for each material
by using the current edition of the DOT
Emergency Response Guidebook and shall meet the following
requirements:
A.4.2.3 It is the intent of this standard that the awareness level
personnel be taught the noted competency to a specific task level.
This task level is required
to have knowledge of the contents of the current edition of the DOT
Emergency
Response Guidebook or other reference material provided.
Awareness level personnel should be familiar with the information
provided in those documents so they can use it to assist with
accurate notification of an incident and take protective actions.
If other sources of response information, including the MSDS, are
provided to the hazardous materials/WMD responder at the
awareness level in lieu of the current edition of the DOT
Emergency Response Guidebook, the responder should identify
hazard information similar to that found in the current edition of the
DOT Emergency Response Guidebook.
Instructor’s Note:
At the end of the Emergency Response Guidebook Section of
Chapter 4; Pass out Emergency Response Guidebooks to each student for
facilitated “Hands-On”
Have the students follow along as told with the instructors
performing various skills as required and to review the book as
each topic is covered in the presentation
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 196
1. Yellow Pages4 digit UN/NA ID Number
2. Blue PagesName of Material
3. Table of PlacardsWhen UN/NA number orMaterial Name unavailable …but placard is visible
NFPA 4.2.3(1)
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
Three methods
for determining the
appropriate guide page
for a specific hazardous
Material.
4.2.3(1) continued
A.4.2.3(1) Three methods for determining the appropriate
guidebook page include the
following:
(1) Using the numerical index for UN/NA identification
numbers
(2) Using the alphabetical index for chemical names
(3) Using the Table of Placards and Initial Response Guides
Slide 197
NFPA 4.2.3(1)
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(1) continued
How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
Yellow Pages – ID Numerical Pages
Blue Pages – Chemical Name Pages
Orange Pages – Emergency Guide Pages
Green Pages – Isolation and Protective Action Distances
White Pages – Informational
Slide 198
Informational Pages
How To Use the ERG
ERG Content
Emergency Numbers
Table of Placards
Rail / Road ID Chart
Intermodal Codes
Intro to Isolation Table
P.P.E.
Terrorism
Glossary of Terms
NFPA 4.2.3(1)
BEFORE AN EMERGENCY – BECOME FAMILIAR
WITH THIS GUIDEBOOK! In the U.S., according to the
requirements of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.120),
and regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA, 40 CFR Part 311), first responders must be
trained regarding the use of this guidebook.
RESIST RUSHING IN !
APPROACH INCIDENT FROM UPWIND
STAY CLEAR OF ALL SPILLS, VAPORS, FUMES,
SMOKE AND SUSPICIOUS SOURCES
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(1) continued
How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
Slide 199
Four Digit ID Number
– Placard – Orange Panel– Shipping Papers– Packaging– “P” Indicates Polymerization Hazard
For Spill / No Fire and “Highlighted”Go To “GREEN PAGES
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(1) continued
How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules
together in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks
or polymer chains. There are many forms of polymerization and
different systems exist to categorize them.
Instructor’s Note:
At the end of the Emergency Response Guidebook Section of
Chapter 4; Pass out Emergency Response Guidebooks to each student for
facilitated “Hands-On”
Skill Sheet: 4.1.2C
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 200
Name of Material
– Placard – Shipping Papers– Packaging– “P” IndicatesPolymerization Hazard
NFPA 4.2.3(1)
For Spill / No Fire and “Highlighted”Go To “GREEN PAGES
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(1) continued
How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
Instructor’s Note:
At the end of the Emergency Response Guidebook Section of
Chapter 4; Pass out Emergency Response Guidebooks to each student for
facilitated “Hands-On”
Skill Sheet: 4.1.2A
Slide 201 Guide Numbers
– Potential Hazards– Health
– Fire / Explosion
– Public Safety– Protective Clothing
– Evacuation
– Emergency Response– Fire
– Spill or Leak
– First Aid
Remember! It’s called a “GuidebookBecause it’s only a “Guide”
NFPA 4.2.3(1)
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(1) continued
How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
The left hand page provides safety related information where as the
right hand page provides emergency response guidance and
activities for fire situations, spill or leak incidents and first aid.
Each guide is designed to cover a group of materials which possess
similar chemical and toxicological characteristics.
Slide 202 Table of Isolation & Protective Action
1. Id. # Name of Material– Numerical Order
– Small / Large Spills– First Isolate
– Protect Downwind
– Day / Night
2. Table of Water Reactive
– TIH Gases
NFPA 4.2.3(1)
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(1) continued
How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
The Initial Isolation Zone defines an area SURROUNDING the
incident in which persons may be exposed to dangerous (upwind)
and life threatening (downwind) concentrations of material.
The Protective Action Zone defines an area DOWNWIND from the
incident in which persons may become incapacitated and unable to
take protective action and/or incur serious or irreversible health
effects.
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 203
Placards – Table of Placards
Dealing with:
Mixed Load
Unidentified Cargo
1 Guide 111
2 Dangerous Placard
NFPA 4.2.3(1)
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(1) continued
How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
2008 Emergency Response Guide
Page 15 - Instructions
Pages 16 & 17 Placards
Instructor’s Note:
At the end of the Emergency Response Guidebook Section of
Chapter 4; Pass out Emergency Response Guidebooks to each student for
facilitated “Hands-On”
Skill Sheet: 4.1.2B
Slide 204 Table of Placards
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(1) continued
How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
2008 Emergency Response Guide
Pages 16 – 17
Instructor’s Note:
Let students know that the “White – 1005” Placard is for Canada, in
2008 ERG shows it grouped with Poison Gasses as Guide 123 – not
like on slide which is correct.
Instructor’s Note:
At the end of the Emergency Response Guidebook Section of
Chapter 4; Pass out Emergency Response Guidebooks to each student for
facilitated “Hands-On”
Skill Sheet: 4.1.2B
Slide 205 Rail Car and Road Trailer Identification Chart
Used as Last Resort
Used Only for the Rail and Highway Modes of
Transportation
NFPA 4.2.3(1)
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(1) continued
How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
2008 Emergency Response Guide
Pages 18 – 19
With Instructions on pages
MC – Motor Carrier
DOT – Department of Transportation
TC – Transport Canada
SCT – Mexican Specification (ESPECIFICACIONES DE DISEÑO
SCT)
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 206 Two general types of hazards found
on each guidebook page.
Fire or Explosion Hazard“P” Polymerization Hazard when applicable
Health Hazard
Highest Potential Hazard will be listed First
NFPA 4.2.3(2)
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
4.2.3(2) Identify the two general types of hazards found on each guidebook
page.
Instructors Note: Refer students to Guides 118 and 119 in ERG
Slide 207
Emergency
Response Guide
VideoApproximately 20 minutes in length
Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook
OPTIONAL
4.2.3(2) continued
Instructor Note Only:
We have mentioned the ERG as a valuable Resource to
assist Responders
Show Video that will Explain “Emergency Response
Guidebook” to the students
20:07 minutes in length – Auto Start
Now may be a time to let students break so they see entire
video
Slide 208
NFPA 4.2.3(2)
Collecting Hazard InformationNIOSH Pocket Guide
5.1.2.2(1) Analyze a hazardous materials/WMD incident
to determine the scope
of the problem and potential outcomes by completing the
following tasks:
The Analysis process begins when a responder receives
notification of a problem and continues throughout the
incident.
• Collect hazard and response information from MSDS;
CHEMTREC / CANUTEC
/ SETIQ; local, state, and federal authorities; and
shipper / manufacturer contacts.
• Know what resources are available for technical
assistance
The NIOSH pocket guide to Hazardous Chemicals is
another valuable resource tool that the First Responder
needs to be familiar with.
These Text should be on each First Responder vehicle as
well as the ERG
Instructor Note:
Pass Out NIOSH Guides for review with the
Instructor/Student
Skill Sheet: 4.1.2D
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Chapter 3
Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards
The Connecticut Fire Academy
Recruit Firefighter Program
Presentation Instructor Notes
Slide 209
The NIOSH Pocket Guide has been designed to provide
chemical-specific data to supplement general industrial hygiene
knowledge. To maximize the amount of data provided in this
limited space, abbreviations and codes have been used
extensively. These abbreviations and codes, which have been
designed to permit rapid comprehension by the regular user, are
discussed for each column in the following subsections.
The chemical name found in the OSHA General Industry Air
Contaminants Standard (29 CFR 1910.1000) is listed in the top
left portion of each chemical table.
NFPA 4.2.3(2)
Collecting Hazard InformationNIOSH Pocket Guide
5.1.2.2(1) Analyze a hazardous materials/WMD incident
to determine the scope
of the problem and potential outcomes by completing the
following tasks:
The Analysis process begins when a responder receives
notification of a problem and continues throughout the
incident.
• Collect hazard and response information from MSDS;
CHEMTREC / CANUTEC
/ SETIQ; local, state, and federal authorities; and
shipper / manufacturer contacts.
The Pocket Guide has been designed to provide chemical-
specific data to supplement general industrial hygiene
knowledge. To maximize the amount of data provided
in this limited space, abbreviations and codes have
been used extensively. These abbreviations and codes,
which have been designed to permit rapid
comprehension by the regular user, are discussed for
each column in the following subsections.
The chemical name found in the OSHA General Industry
Air Contaminants Standard
(29 CFR 1910.1000) is listed in the top left portion of each
chemical table.
Instructor Note:
Have students look up various Chemicals and review with
them to help understand the use of the Guidebook
Skill Sheet: 4.1.2D
Slide 201 NEVER FORGET