Teacher Evaluation in Ohio

HB 153 Teacher Evaluation and Student Performance DataMichele Winship, Ph.D.winshipm@ohea.orgSupporting DocumentsPresentation slidesOhio Teacher Evaluation System FrameworkCurrent draft Ohio Teacher Evaluation System Model (OTES)Battelle for Kids Value-Added Talking PointsBattelle for Kids Value-Added ResourcesRace to the Top Work Flow ChartDistrict Assessment MappingDistrict Assessment Mapping Sample Template

2A new era in teacher evaluationA national push for teacher evaluation reform from policy makersRecognition through research that current teacher evaluation practices are not effective in helping teachers improve performance and identifying underperforming teachersA desire to identify levels of teacher performance to reward high performers and remove low performersRttT mandate to change evaluation practicesState-level policies that change evaluation requirementsStudent performance as a significant factor in teacher (and principal) evaluation (adopted in 13 states currently)3Why we need evaluation reform

4HB 153 Evaluation Framework requirementsSec. 3319.112 (A) Not later than December 31, 2011, the state board of education shall develop a standards-based state framework for the evaluation of teachers. The framework shall establish an evaluation system that does the following:(1) Provides for multiple evaluation factors, including student academic growth which shall account for fifty per cent of each evaluation;(2) Is aligned with the standards for teachers adopted under section 3319.61 of the Revised Code;(3) Requires observation of the teacher being evaluated, including at least two formal observations by the evaluator of at least thirty minutes each and classroom walkthroughs;(4) Assigns a rating on each evaluation in accordance with division (B) of this section;(5) Requires each teacher to be provided with a written report of the results of the teacher's evaluation;(6) Identifies measures of student academic growth for grade levels and subjects for which the value-added progress dimension prescribed by section 3302.021 of the Revised Code does not apply;(7) Implements a classroom-level, value-added program developed by a nonprofit organization described in division (B) of section 3302.021 of the Revised Code;(8) Provides for professional development to accelerate and continue teacher growth and provide support to poorly performing teachers;(9) Provides for the allocation of financial resources to support professional development.(HB 153 as signed by the Governor)56

HB 153 Local Requirements for Teacher EvaluationSec. 3319.111 [Effective 9/29/2011] Teacher evaluation(A) Not later than July 1, 2013, the board of education that of each school district, in consultation with teachers employed by the board, shall adopt a standards-based teacher evaluation policy that conforms with the framework for evaluation of teachers developed under section 3319.112 of the Revised Code. The policy shall become operative at the expiration of any collective bargaining agreement covering teachers employed by the board that is in effect on the effective date of this section and shall be included in any renewal or extension of such an agreement.(B) When using measures of student academic growth as a component of a teacher's evaluation, those measures shall include the value-added progress dimension prescribed by section 3302.021 of the Revised Code. For teachers of grade levels and subjects for which the value-added progress dimension is not applicable, the board shall administer assessments on the list developed under division (B)(2) of section 3319.112 of the Revised Code.(C)(1) The board shall conduct an evaluation of each teacher employed by the board at least once each school year, except as provided in divisions (C)(2) and (3) of this section. The evaluation shall be completed by the first day of April and the teacher shall receive a written report of the results of the evaluation by the tenth day of April.(2) If the board has entered into a limited contract or extended limited contract with the teacher pursuant to section 3319.11 of the Revised Code, the board shall evaluate the teacher at least twice in any school year in which the board may wish to declare its intention not to re-employ the teacher pursuant to division (B), (C)(3), (D), or (E) of that section.One evaluation shall be conducted and completed not later than the fifteenth day of January and the teacher being evaluated shall receive a written report of the results of this evaluation not later than the twenty-fifth day of January. One evaluation shall be conducted and completed between the tenth day of February and the first day of April and the teacher being evaluated shall receive a written report of the results of this evaluation not later than the tenth day of April.(3) The board may elect, by adoption of a resolution, to evaluate each teacher who received a rating of accomplished on the teacher's most recent evaluation conducted under this section once every two school years. In that case, the biennial evaluation shall be completed by the first day of April of the applicable school year, and the teacher shall receive a written report of the results of the evaluation by the tenth day of April of that school year.7HB 153 Opportunities and challengesOpportunitiesCreate evaluation systems that improve instructional practice through formative feedback and educator reflectionDesign a complete system of evaluation with formative feedback and support and not just a typical observation check listWork together to identify best practices and scale them up through our localsBargain the process for changing the evaluation system as well as the procedures, practices and toolsWork collaboratively with administrators who are subject to the same requirements8HB 153 Opportunities and challengesChallengesShort timeline to complete the work and operationalize the system (July 1, 2013)Unfunded mandate for non-RttT localsChanging perceptions (ours and theirs) about the purpose of evaluationIncorporating student growth in a way that benefits teachers and doesnt rank and sort themLimited state support at the present timeNon-explicit requirement to create assessment systems to provide required student growth metricAnnual evaluations for all but accomplished teachers9Post HB 153RttT and non-Rttt districtsHB 153 leveled the evaluation playing fieldRttT districts and non-RttT districts are all required to reconstruct their evaluation systems to align with the adopted state framework based on the Ohio Standards for the Teaching ProfessionAll districts are now on virtually the same timeline:RttT districts were required to implement their new evaluation systems by the 2013-2014 school year or sooner depending on their Scope of Work timeline and changes that are bargained collaboratively (MOU)Non-RttT districts are required to adopt their evaluation systems no later than July 1, 2013 and implement them at the expiration of the current CBA (discrepancy in timelinecant implement if not created)10Post HB 153RttT and non-Rttt districts HB 153 places an additional burden on ALL districts to address the requirement of the 50% student growth measureThe only measure currently available is value-added data for teachers in grades 3-8 in reading and math (some districts have extended data through Battelle for Kids initiatives)ODE is creating a list of student assessments that measure mastery of course content which districts can use (may need to purchase)However, there will be many grade levels and courses with no existing assessments; districts will have to create their own 11Post HB 153RttT and non-Rttt districts HB 153 creates an advantage for RttT districtsRttT districts can use their funds to buy the time and support to re-create their evaluation systems, including the development of an assessment systemRttT districts can use their funds to purchase support for assessment systems (data management, specific testing protocols, testing materials and grading support)Howeverthese funds will go away. How will the systems be supported financially in the future?12Evaluation Reform guidelinesWe must begin with the belief that the main purpose of teacher evaluation is improved teaching practice and student learning.Teacher performance is to be measured through multiple sources of evidence, with observation as one source.Student performance is required to be 50% of the evaluation, BUT student performance is to be measured through multiple sources of data, not just a single standardized test score.The State Board of Education has adopted a framework; districts must still develop their evaluation system that includes processes, procedures and forms.1314

Evaluation 50% part 1Student Growth MeasuresStudent academic growth will be measured through multiple measures which must include value-added scores on evaluations for teachers where value-added scores are available. Value-added scores are ONLY available for tested grades and subjects, math and reading in grades 3 8. Some extended reports are available in locals who participate in Battelle for Kids projects.Even if there are value-added scores, there must be additional student growth measures for all teachers.15Three categories of student growth measuresDistricts will create a local student growth measure worth 50% of the evaluation from a combination of the following:Value-Added DataODE-approved Student AssessmentsMenu of Options Determined by the District16Student Growth MeasuresLocal boards of education may administer assessments chosen from the Ohio Department of Educations assessment list ($$$) for teachers of subjects where value-added scores are not available.and/or local measures of student growth using state-designed criteria and guidance. This will require districts to create local measures of student growth (assessments) in areas where there are no standardized assessments.

17Dividing the 50% student performance pie18Dividing the 50% student performance pie1920Ohios Value-Added SystemAccountability Measures and ReportsTechnical Assistance and SupportSAS Data ProcessingMaintained by SAS Single Limited Access Password Protected Data:District/LEA and schoolStudent informationAnalytic toolsTeacher-level reportsLimited Use Public AccessIncludes BFK SAS EVAAS reportingEnhanced reporting features

Developed & supported by BFK Regional SystemTrained VALs support districts/LEAs through DVALT trainingSupport to teacher-teamsFocus on school improvement Toolkits Online courses

Maintained by ODELRCValued-AddedAYP Growth MeasureODE Reports-School and District (LEA) Measures

Diagnostic ToolsEVAASODE-BFK PartnershipValue-Added modelingValue-Added Modeling (VAM) has become the gold standard for measuring educator effectiveness.One years growth in one years time is the benchmark = effective.Teachers who exceed this growth rate have a positive value-added rating (+) = highly effectiveTeachers who fail to meet this growth rate have a negative value-added rating (-)21Value-Added modelingBUTVAM modeling is flawed.The tests used to generate the scores were never designed to measure teacher effectiveness.Student test scores alone are not sufficiently reliable and valid indicators of teacher effectiveness to be used in high-stakes personnel decisions, even when the most sophisticated statistical applications such as value-added modeling are employed. (EPI Briefing Paper--Problems with the Use of Student Test Scores to Evaluate Teachers)

22Limitations of VAMGiven that students are not randomly assigned to classes, VAM cant distinguish between teacher effects and the effects based on students needs.

VAM do not provide information to help struggling teachers.Lack of properly scaled year-to-year tests makes it difficult to evaluate gains along the continuum.Mobility of students (especially in high needs schools) impact the dataVAM cannot distinguish among teachers in the middle range of performance.

23Limitations of VAMAbout 69% of teachers cant be accurately assessed with VAMs*

Teachers in subject areas that are not tested

Teachers in grade levels (lower elementary) where no prior test scores are available

Special education & ELLVAM estimates vary with the tests usedIf a teacher is in the bottom quintile based on one test there is a 43% chance she will be in the bottom quintile on a different test, but a 16% chance she will be in the top two quintiles.If a teacher is in the top quintile based on one test there is a 43% chance she will be in the top quintile on a different test, but a 13% chance she will be in the bottom two quintiles.

24Teacher-level value-added reportingRollout Schedule30% of LEAs Link in Year 1 RttT (reports received fall 2011)60% of all RttT LEAs in Year 2100% of all LEAs in Ohio in Years 3 & 4RequirementsAccuracy of ReportingMust conduct linkage Minimum number of students and time enrolledAccess to ReportingOnline via EVAAS accountsPassword protectedGrades/Subjects AvailableODE: grades 4-8, math & readingBFK: grade 3, math & reading; grades 3-8, science & social studies; high schoolalgebra I & II, geometry, pre-calculus, biology, chemistry, English 9, 10 & 11IssuePublic Records Requests

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Resources for Value-Added

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29Using Student Performance data effectivelyUsed properly, student performance data DOES have a role in school and district improvement efforts, it CAN positively impact student performance.Nationally, we have come to believe that the data itselfthe scoreis the end game instead of the starting point.Andan overreliance on and faith in value-added metrics as accurate measures of TEACHER performance has entirely skewed the way we use student performance data.

30Using Student Performance data effectivelyTo be meaningful, student performance data should be used by educators toIdentify achievement gaps,Inform instructional practice, andDirect professional development.To effectively use the data, teams of educators shouldBe trained in the analysis and interpretation of student performance data,Have real-time access to the data, andMeet regularly in teams to analyze the data and plan intervention, instruction and professional development.31Using Student Performance data effectivelyHow do we create the conditions for educators to use student performance data effectively?

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Developing a Student assessment systemUse the assessments you have first.Determine what assessments you need to create a rigorous, comparable and inclusive assessment system that is designed to provide student performance data to be used for educator professional growth and also for inclusion in an evaluation system.Chart a course of action with a timeline, persons responsible and deliverables.

33Developing a Student assessment systemRequiring student performance in teacher evaluations means districts will need to:Map current school-based and district-wide assessments in all grades and subjectsDetermine where assessment gaps existCreate groups of educators to select/develop appropriate assessments for gapsCreate an assessment timeline for all grades and subjectsCollect, analyze and store student performance dataProvide time and training for educators to work together with student data to improve their own instruction34District Assessment Mapping35

Evaluation 50% part 2Teacher performanceEach evaluation will consist of two formal observations of the teacher at least thirty minutes each in duration, as well as periodic classroom walkthroughs.Teacher performance metrics must also use multiple and variable sources of data, such as lesson plans, samples of student work, classroom assessment results, and portfolios, in addition to data from direct observation in classrooms.36The Ohio Teacher evaluation system model(OTES)

37OTES Teacher performance components (page 6)Goal SettingSelf Assessment against Ohio StandardsAnalysis of student dataIdentifying 2 professional growth goalsFormative Assessment of Teacher PerformanceFormal ObservationPre-observation conferenceObservationPost-observation conference and reflectionEvidence Collaboration and Professionalism (determined locally)Student Growth38Summative evaluationThe overall teacher performance rating (50%) will be combined with the results of student growth measures (50%) to produce a summative evaluation rating as depicted in the following matrix.Teachers will be rated in one of four categories:AccomplishedProficientDevelopingIneffective

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Following the EvaluationTeachers with above expected levels of student growth will develop a professional growth plan and may choose their credentialed evaluator for the evaluation cycle. Teachers with expected levels of student growth will develop a professional growth plan collaboratively with the credentialed evaluator and will have input on their credentialed evaluatorfor the evaluation cycle. Teachers with below expected levels of student growth will develop an improvement plan with their credentialed evaluator. The administration will assign the credentialed evaluator for the evaluation cycle and approve the improvement plan.This is entirely unrealistic and does not reflect what actually happens in schools.41Additional HB 153 requirementsAt the local level, the board of education will include in its evaluation policy, procedures for using the evaluation results for retention and promotion decisions and for removal of poorly-performing teachers. Seniority will not be the basis for teacher retention decisions, except when deciding between teachers who have comparable evaluations.The local board of education will also provide for the allocation of financial resources to support professional development.

42Bargaining considerationsWith a July 1, 2013 deadline for system completion, evaluation work will need to begin ASAP and may not fit into current bargaining cycleEffective evaluation reform will require collaboration with administration at a very different level in many localsFuture evaluation language in CBAs will need to include all processes, procedures and toolsStakes are high; we cant afford to adopt systems that arent designed to support teachers

43Bargaining considerations:process for evaluation reformComposition and selection of evaluation team membersTimeline for evaluation workCompensation for work outside of the school dayMandatory training for evaluators for observation protocols and ratingsTraining for staff about evaluation processes, procedures and toolsNo-fault piloting provision to work out problems

44Next Steps for transforming evaluationIdentify and engage district evaluation team, including teachers from various levels/areasReview and analyze teacher current evaluation polices and rules Conduct ODE Evaluation GAP AnalysisReview effective evaluation models including the OTESSelect/Develop a district evaluation system and toolsMap and develop student assessments that will provide student performance dataCreate training for evaluators and teachersConstruct a pilot timelineHave volunteer teachers and evaluators pilot the systemReview and revise the system based on pilot dataTrain all evaluators and teachersImplement the new evaluation system45Questions??Please send any questions to:eiiweb@ohea.org

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ResourcesTeacher Evaluation Systems materials and resources (login required) http://www.ohea.org/teacher-evaluation-systems www.lauragoe.com Includes various state and local systems and examples of multiple measures for teacher performance and student growthTeacher Assessment and Evaluation: The NEA's Framework http://www.nea.org/home/41858.htm Getting Teacher Assessment Right: What Policymakers Can Learn from Research -- the source for Dr. Hincheys presentation: http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/getting-teacher-assessment-right

47ResourcesGoe, L., Bell, C., & Little, O. (2008). Approaches to evaluating teacher effectiveness: A research synthesis. Washington, DC: National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality.Goe, L., Holdheide, L., Miller, T. (2011) A practical guide to designing comprehensive teacher evaluation systems. Washington, DC: National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality.Hinchy, P. (2010). Getting Teacher Assessment Right: What Policymakers Can Learn From Research. Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center.Mathers, C., Oliva, M., with Laine, S. W. M. (2008). Improving instruction through effective teacher evaluation: Options for states and districts. Research and Policy Brief. Washington, DC: National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality.National Education Association. (2009). Teacher evaluation systems: The window for opportunity and reform. Washington, D.C.Stronge, J. H, & Tucker, P. D. (2003). Handbook on teacher evaluation: Assessing and improving performance. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education.48ReferencesLaura Goe--Webinar for Oregon School Coaches, April 20, 2011: http://www.lauragoe.com/LauraGoe/Oregon-April%202011.pptx EPI Briefing Paper--Problems with the Use of Student Test Scores to Evaluate Teachers: http://www.epi.org/publications/entry/bp278Rand EducationEvaluating Value-Added Models for Teacher Accountability: http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2004/RAND_MG158.pdf

49Contact informationMichele Winship614-227-3001winshipm@ohea.org

Questions?eiiweb@ohea.org

50Teacher Performance4321Student Growth Measures

AboveAccomplishedAccomplishedProficientDevelopingExpectedProficientProficientDevelopingDevelopingBelowDevelopingDevelopingIneffectiveIneffectiveEvaluation Matrix17