Download - Healing herbs of himalaya

Selected

HEAliNG HERBS OF HIMAlAYA

A pictorial o Herbaria Guide

Jawaharlal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Evam Homoeopathy

Anusandhan Bhavan, 61 - 65 Institutional Area,

Opp. "D" Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058

2008

Publisher :

Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,

Government of India.

Jawaharlal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Evam Homoeopathy

Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65 Institutional Area, Opp. "D" Block,

Janakpuri, New Delhi- 110058.

Email: [email protected]

© Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, New Delhi 2008

ISBN 978-81-7525-992-8

Photography, Coverpage s & Book designed by :

Dr.G.V.R.Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Printer : Pearl Offset Press Pvt. Ltd.

5/33 Kirti Nagar Industrial Area, New Delhi - 110 015.

ii

Patron:

Smt. Anita Das, Secretary Department of A YUSH

....

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Shri. Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary Department of A YUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Shri. S. K. Chadha, Director Department of A YUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Chief Editor :

Dr. G. S. Lavekar, Director CCRAS, New Delhi.

Co- Editor:

Dr. M. M. Padhi, Dy. Director (Tech), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Work carried out by :

Dr. G. V. R. Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Assisted By :

Sh. Jagdish Chandra Arya, R. A. (Botany) CCRAS, New Delhi.

Sl. No

1 2 3 4 5

Participating Institutes

Name of the Institute

Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda),

Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda),

Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda),

SOWA RIGPA Research Centre,

Location

Tarikhet, Uttarakhand

ltanagar, Arunachal Pradesh

Guwahati, Assam

Gangtok, Sikkim

Leh - Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir

Contributers

Sl. No. Name of the Officers Disignation Institute

1 Dr. P.C. Sharma Ex.A.D.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Pune

2 Sh. Kailash Chandra Ex.A.D (Bot.) RRI(Ay), Pune

3 Dr. O.P. Mishra Ex.A. D(Bot.) NMPB, Delhi.

4 Dr. M.A. Uniyal Ex. R.O (Ay.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

5 Sh. R.N. Tewari Ex.R.O (Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

6 Dr. R.K. Issar Ex.R.O (Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi

7 Sh. R.S. Dixit Ex.R.O (Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi

8 Dr. V.P. Tewari Ex.R.O.(Ay.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

9 Dr. V.K. Singh Ex.R.O.(Ay.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi

10 Sh. K.C. Tewari Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

11 Dr. L. N. Sharma Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRC(Ay.), Jammu

12 Late. Dr. R. Majumdar Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Guwahati

13 Late. H.C. Pandey Ex.R.O.(Bot.) CRI(Ay.), Lucknow

14 Dr. M.C. Joshi Ex.R.O.(Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi

15 Sh. S.C. Pant Ex.R.O.(P) CCRAS, HQ. New Delhi

16 Sh. Jugal Kishore Gurani Ex. A.A. (Bot) RRI, (Ay.), Tarikhet

17 Sh. R.K. Tamta Ex. A.A. (Bot) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

18 Dr.Rajiv Kumar Sharma S.S.O. (Bot) PLIM, Gazhiabad

19 Dr. P.C. Joshi Ex. R.O (Ch.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

20 Dr. Ramashankar R.O.(Bot.) RRI (Ay.), ltanagar

21 Dr. P.B. Singh R.O.(Bot.) RRI (Ay.) , Jhansi

22 Dr. G.C. Joshi R.O.(Bot.) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

23 Sh. N. K. Pandey, R.O (Bot.) CRI(Ay.), Gwalior

24 Dr. A. K. Panda R.O.(Ay.) RRI (Ay.), Gangtok

25 Dr. Om Raj Sharma R.O (Ay.) RRI, (Ay.), Mandi

26 Dr. Padma Gurmeet R.O. (Amchi) Sowa Rigpa Res. Center, Leh

27 Dr. Rajesh Ku. Mudaiya A.R.O (Bot.) RRI (Ay.), Jhansi

28 Dr. M.S. Rawat A.R.O (Bot.) HRDI, Gopeshwar

29 Sh. Jagdish Chandra Arya A.A. (Bot) CCRAS, HQ. New Delhi

30 Km. Deepshikha Arya A.A. (Bot) RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

~Gm ANITADAS

Foreword

SECRETARY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTJIY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE DEPTT. OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH)

RED CROSS BUILDING. NEW DELHI-110001 Tel.: 011-23715564, Telefax : 011-23327660

E-mail: oecy ... yushOnlc.ln MalllngNo. 110108

The Indian Himalayan Region is one of the major repositories of biodiversity. It supports about 18,440

plant species. The rich diversity of Indian Himalayan Region has been in use since Vedic period (Rig

Veda 4500-1600 BC). The Charak (1000-800 BC) and Susruta (800-700 BC) described Himalaya as

a major habitat of medicinal plants. The Indian Himalayan Region has an area of 5, 31 ,250 sq. Km

spread over 12 states and constitutes about 16.16% of India's total geographical area. It has about

1,748 species of medicinal plants distributed in Indian Himalayan Region.

The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS) has carried out commendable

work in Medico-Ethno-Botanical Research through its peripheral Institutes located at Himalayan

Regions. The present treatise on "Healing Herbs of Himalaya" offers itself as a pictorial and herbaria

guide on 50 important medicinal plants available at Indian Himalayan Region. The book provides an

overview of various facts of the herbal wealth of Indian Himalayan Region. Further the book is an

assimilation of information contained in numerous published as well as unpublished data; herbarium;

Crude drugs and field photos. I am confident that the work carried out by Dr. G.VR. Joseph, R.O.

(Botany) and his team under overall supervision of Dr. M.M. Padhi, D.O. (Tech.) and Dr. G.S. Lavekar,

Director would be of immense use for Researchers, Academicians and Pharma-lndustry. My congratu

lations to Shri Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary and Shri Sanjiv Chadha, Director, Department of AYUSH,

Government of India on this excellent documentation.

23rd July 2008. New Delhi.

vii

(Anita Das)

Gram: "AYUSH"

~\ift. ~- (11~Cf)'( f.!tmt;

DR. G.S. LA VEKAR DIRECTOR

c6~~ atlgCfG ~ Rtce atj't:i~ -qRq~ ~Fcnwl

('f<l>tll'f?l ~. ~~~ cn<?£1101 '"I""??C51ll , 1W«f~) ~"C51TC51'~~ ~Pcf>ffil ~~eft~~

CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA & SIDDHA Deptt. of A YUSH

(An autonomous organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India) Jawahar Lal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Avam Homoeopathy Anusandhan Bhawan

PREFACE

Since ages herbs and herbal products are being used as medicines. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the World's population still relies on herbal medicines as its major source of medicinal products. India is one of the richest Biodiversity hot spot in the world and Himalayan region is well known for its herbal wealth.

Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha through its peripheral Institutes located at Tarikhet, Guwahati, ltanagar, Gangtok, Mandi, Leh have done commendable work in Medico-Ethno-Botanical Research that includes market survey of herbal drugs. The book "Selected Healing Herbs of Himalaya" is a state of art report. The book provides an overview of various facts including updated botanical nomenclature, popular names used in different Indian systems of medicines, IUCN status, uses, threats, formulations, etc. Safety/ toxicity and contra-indications were also covered on the studied plants. Dr. G. V.R. Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany) who is instrumental in carrying out the project "Digitization of Herbarium" has done sincere efforts in bringing out this book.

I appreciate the work carried by: Dr. G.C. Joshi, R.O. (R. R. 1., Tarikhet) for his deep involvement in the field work of Uttarakhand Himalaya and for his assistance in selecting the plants; Dr. M.M. Sharma who put his sincere efforts in going through draft copy and made necessary corrections in "uses and formulations" part of all plants. Mr. Jagdish Chandra Arya R.A. (Bot.) and Mr. Raju Kumar, D.E.O. who are the part of team with Dr. G. V.R. Joseph traveled extensively in remote parts of Himalayan region in connection with Digitization of Herbarium project. Four plant photos i.e. A. benthamii; D. hatagarica; A. glauca; N. jatamansi are taken from the display material of Society of Himalayan Environmental Research, Dehradun, their contribution is acknowledged. I appreciate Ms. Archana Gupta, SRF (Botany), Dr. Tanuja Prasad, SRF (Ayu.) and Dr. Shilpi Das, SRF (Pharmacology) for their valuable assistance in compiling the text material of the book.

Support rendered by some of the officers/staff to Dr. Joseph while taking photos/Digitization related work at Himalayan region is sincerely acknowledged, like are Dr. G.C. Nanda, A.D. (CRI , Bhubaneshwar); Dr. D. Baruah, R.O. (RRI, Guwahati); Dr. Brahma, R.O. (RRI, ltanagar) and Dr. A. K. Mangal, R.O. (CCRAS, HQ). Special appreciation is due to Dr. M.M. Padhi, Deputy Director (Tech.) who overall supervised the work and encouraged the team throughout the work. Thanks to Or. V. K. Singh, A.D. (Botany), CCRUM for his valuable suggestions.

I express my sincere gratitude to Smt. Anita Oas, Secretary, Sh. Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary and Sh. S.K. Chaddha, Director, Dept. of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India for their encouragement and appreciation. Special thanks to Sh. S.K. Chaddha, Director. Dept. of AYUSH for his keen interest and who acted as driving force in this publication.

Date: 23•d July 2008 Place: New Delhi

G.S. Lavekar Chief Editor

Abbreviations

Medicine Systems

Ay. = Ayurveda

Sd. = Siddha

Hp. = Homeopathy

Sr. = Sowa rigpa

Pharmacopoeias

API =

SPI =

HPI =

UPI =

Threats

1 =

2 =

3 =

4 =

5 =

6 =

7 =

8 =

9 =

10 =

11 =

Syn. =

IUCN =

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.

Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India.

Homeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India.

Unani Pharmacopoeia of India.

Harvest for Medicine

Loss of Habitat

Human interference

Over exploitation

Trade

Harvest for wood

Edaphic factor

Harvest for food

Trade for parts

Sampling

Not Known

Synonym (s)

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Sl. No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Foreword

Preface

Abbreviations

Contents

Botanical Names

Abies webbiana Lindl.

CONTENTS

syn. A. spectab/1/s (D. Don.) Spach

Aconitum atrox Linn.

syn. A. ferox Wall. ex Serlnge

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle

Acarus calamus Linn.

Angelica glauca Edgew.

Arnebia benthmaii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John.

Syn. Macrotomia benthamii (Wall.) DC.

Berberis aristata DC.

Syn. 8 . sikkimens/s Sch.

Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Stern b.

Syn. 8 . ligulata Engl.

Betula uti/is D.Don.

syn. 8. bhojpattra Wall.

Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.

Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.

Syn. C. llbanl Barrel. var. deodara Hook. f.

Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

Cinnamomum tamala Ham. (Fr. Nees)

Coleus forskohlii Linn.

Sanskrit Nam

Tall sa

Vatsanabha

Ativisha

Vacha

Choraka

Gojivha

Daruharidra

Pashanabheda

VII

IX

X

XI-XIII

Page

1-4

5-6

7-8

9-12

13-16

17-18

19-22

23-26

Bhurja/Bhujapattra 27-28

Priyangu 29-30

Devadaru 31-32

Jyotishmati 33-36

Tvakapatra 37-38

Gandira 39-40

15. Crocus sativus L. Keshara 41-42

16. Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don. Munjataka 43-44

Syn. Orchis /at/foils auct. non L.

17. Delphinium denudatum Wall. Nirvisha 45-46

18. Digitalis purpurea Linn. Til push pi 47-48

19. Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Varahi 49-50

Syn. D. crlspsts Roxb., D. daemons Roxb.

20. Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K.Schum. Rudraksha 51-52

21. Embelia ribes Burm. Vidanga 53-56

22. Ephedra gerard/ana Wall. Soma 57-60

23. Gent/ana kurroo Royle Trayamana 61-62

24. Gloriosa superba Linn. Langali 63-66

25. Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Shati 67-68

26. Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. Neichak 69-70

27. Hyoscyamus niger Linn. Parasika Yavani 71-72

28. lnula racemosa Hook.f. Pushkara 73-74

29. Microstylis wallichii Lin die Jivaka 75-76

syn. Ms/sxis scum/nata D.Don.

30. Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Katphala 77-78

Syn. M. fsrquharlans Wall., M. saplda Wall.,

M. nag/ Hook. f. In part non Thunb.

31. Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Jatamansi 79-82

Syn. Nardostschys grand/flora DC.

32. Oroxy/um indicum Vent. Shyonaka 83-86

33. Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle Katuka 87-90

Syn. P. scrophularlaef/ora Pennell

34. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Sara Ia 91-92

35. Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Vanatrapushi 93-94

xii

Syn. P. emodi Will ex Royle

36. Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle Mahameda 95-96

37. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) Ait. Meda 97-98

38. Portulaca oleracea Linn. Ghotika 99-100

39. Prunus cerasoides D.Don. Padmaka 101-102

40. Rheum australe D.Don. Amlavetasa 103-106

Syn. R. emodi Wall. ex Maisen.

41. Rhus parviflora Roxb. Tintidika 107-108

42. Roscoea procera Wall. Khsirkakoli 109-110

43. Rubia cordifolia Linn. senus Hook.f. Manjishtha 111-112

44. Saussurea costus ( Feic.) Lipach. Kushtha 113-116

Syn. S. lappa (Decne.) Sch. -Bip.

45. Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten Kiratatikta 117-120

syn. S. chirata Buch. - Ham. ex C.B. Clarke

46. Taxus baccata Linn. Sthauneya 121-124

47. Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Pitamulika 125-126

48. Thymus serpy/lum Linn. Ajagandha 127-128

49. Valeriana wallichii DC. Kalanusari 129-130

Syn. V. jatamansi Jones

50. Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Tejovati 131-132

Syn. Z. alatum Roxb. var. planisplnum (Sieb. & Zucc.)

Rehd. & E.H. Wils, Z. p/anispinum Sieb. & Zucc.

References 133-135

xiii

Botanical Name

Popular Name15·44

Family

Distribution

IUCN Status40

Threats

PartJs1o,38

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s49

Dose/s15· 44

Uses15

Formulations15

Safety/Toxicity35

Contra indication


Syn. A. spectabilis (D. Don.) Spach.

Talisha, Patradhyam (Ay.)

Pinaceae

Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2800-3000 m.

Common

Stem Bark, Leaf

Abies pindrow Royle., Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don

Leaves of Taxus baccata Linn.

Leaf powder - 2-3 gm

Ay. : Cough (Kasa), Poor Appetite (Agnimandya), Hiccough

(Hikka), Worm infestation (Krimi), Tuberculosis (Kshaya),

Diseases of mouth (Mukharoga), Asthma (Shvasa), Lump in

abdomen (Gulma), Emesis (Chhardi), Anorexia (Aruchi).

Ay. : Drakshadi Churna, Talisadi Churna, Bhaskaralavana Churna,

Pranada Gutika, Jatiphaladi Churna, Puga Khanda, Talisadi

Modaka.

Resin said to intoxicate when taken internally.

Hypersensitivity to the drug.


- 11111Aaat CIINDI ....,... - ""-* ~-1

,. •. .!~- ......... ws ....... - ..sw --------

-A_ ........ '-------- Jl.wu_III'!M;_.JaW,_ -- -------

....... ~ __,.~-AIHL I :·~.~.~: ~:~· ~-· - ... _ ..... . .............. __ ~ ... ·-· ........ . ~-----------------

"~ ~~·· .. ..., ... 1111 J•-.au ... ............ , ...... _., ...... _ ....

._..._..., "Y51'f ...... ~ '' • n·

-- 11-- - ,........__., s,->-:::...::.. i~ =~ WIMI~t-,...!:t..u.J-- - ---<17' • ..~.. ..___

Abies pindrow Spach.

- .. ~c....:=::... ......

-;Ill-., ... . ... -- fril.4o,"- .1-- (,_..~

Botanical Name Aconitum atrox Linn. Syn. A. ferox Wall. ex Ser.

Popular Name8•44 Vatsanabha, Visha (Ay.)

Family Ranunculaceae

Distribution 47 Garhwal to Sikkim Himalayas at an altitude ranging between

IUCN Status 45

Threats45

Part/s38

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s44

Uses 6 •44

/

Properties

Formulations 9•47

Safety!Toxicity

3046 - 4250m.

Critically rare

2, 4,1 & 5

Root

Root powder -1Q-15 mg.

Ay. : Polyurea (Prameha), Headache (Shirashula), Nasal Catarrh,

Tonsillitis, Sore Throat, Gastric disorders, Debility and Fever of

Inflammatory origin, Neuralgia and Rheumatism.

Sedative and Diaphoretic

Contra indication Hypersensitivity to the drug

Aconitum atrox Linn.

) , . .,, .. lt:all

............. t::"t:.r.:'!:!'Ho-.., ...._.... 2(··~-

Botanical Name Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle

Popular Name4•10.20 Ativisa (Ay.); Bong-nga dkar-po rigs-dang-po (Sr.); Atees Shireen(Un.)

Family Ranunculaceae

Distribution 19•44 Western Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2,500-4,000m viz. Garhwal, Kumaon, Kashmir and Arunachal Pradesh.

IUCN Status45 Critically Endangered

Threats 45 2, 4, 3, 1 & 5

Part/s 4 Root

Adulternt/s 49 Dried tubers of Asparagus gonocladus Baker

Substitute/s

Uses 4,&, 1o,11,19, 20, .. 1

Properties

Formulations 4•

20•

24

Safety/Toxlcity19

Contra indication

Roots of Chaerophyllum vi/losum Wall., Delphinium denudatum Wall.

Root powder - 0.6 - 2.0gm

Ay. : Cough (Kasa), Fever (Jvara) , Emesis (Chhardi) In Children, Hysteria (Yoshapasmara) ,Throat infections, Dyspepsia (Ajlrna), Emesis (Chhardi), Abdominal pain (Udara shula), Diabetes (Madhumeha).

Sd. : Acute diarrhoea.

Sr. : Antidote against snake and scorpion bite, Fever , Disorders of Intestine.

Un. : Blood purifier (Fasad-ud-Dam), Leprosy (Juzam), Leucoderma (Bar), Pityriasis alba (Bahaq Abyza).

Ay. : Antipyretic (Jvaraghna), Antidiarrhoeal (Atlsaraghna), Anthelmenthic (Krimighna).

Sd. : Kabada Matthirai, Nantl Mzhuku, Narattai ilakam, Pura Mattlrai.

Un : Sufoof-e-Bars.

Overdose (5-6gm) can cause toxic signs and symptoms such as throat congestion.

Hypersensitivity to the drug

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle

Botanical Name

Popular name6•10

Family

Distribution

IUCN Status45

Threats 45

Partls 44

Adulterant/s 42•49

Substitute/s

Dose/s 6

Uses s, a ,1o,11, 44

Formulations8

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

4


Vacha (Ay.); Shu-dag nag-po (Sr.)

Araceae

Wild or cultivated throughout Himalayas at an altitude

ascending up to 1800 m

Vulnerable, Rare

2,1 & 5

Rhizome

Roots of Althaea officina/is Linn., Rhizomes of Costus speciosus

(Koenig) Sm.

Rhizome powder- 60-120 mg.

Ay. : Epilepsy(Apasmara), Asthma (Shwasa), Cough (Kasa)

Constipation (Vibandha), Schizophrenia (Unmada), Flatulence

(Adhmana), Ear discharge (Karnashrava), Loss of memory (Smriti

daurbalaya), Pain (Shula), Skin diseases (Kustha), Headache

(Shirahshula), Alopecia (Khalitya), Colic (Udarashula), Piles

(Arsha), Indigestion (Ajirna), Acid gastritis, Retention of urine,

Abdominal distention, Mental ailments, Glandular and Abdominal

tumors.

Sd. : Dyspepsia, Cold, Bronchitis, Fever, Skin diseases.

Sr. : Indigestion , Inflammation , Diptheria, Heart disorder.

Ay. : Vachadi Taila, Vacha-Jasunadi Taila, Sarasvata Churna,

Sarsvatarishta, Chandraprabha Vati, Khadiradi Vati, Hingu

Vachadi Churna.


Costus speciosus Sims.

Botanical Name

Popular Name10•18

Family

Distribution

IUCN Status45

Threats45

Part/s18

Adulterant/s49

Substitute/s

Dose/s 18

Uses 6• 18

•44

/

Properties6•10

Formulations 18

Safety/Toxicity


Choraka (Ay.); JCa-ba g.yung-ba (Sr.)

Apiaceae

Temperate North-West Himalayas at an altitude ranging between

3000-4500m

Criticallly rare

1, 4, & 5

Root

Roots and Rhizomes of Angelica archangelica Linn.

Root powder - 3 - 6 gm.

Ay. : Epilepsy (Apasmara), Asthma (Shvasa), Hiccough (Hikka),

Fever (Jvara), Itching (Kandu), Skin diseases (Kushtha),

Schizophrenia (Unmada), Wound (Vrana), Blood impurities

(Raktadosha), Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Headache (Sirashula),

Rhinitis (Pratishyaya), Diseases of children (Balaroga).

Ay. : Cardioactive, Carminative, Expectorant and Diaphoretic.

Sr. : Anemia , Debility, Fluid retention in joints , Stomach disorders,

Dropsy , Lung diseases .

Ay. : Guduchyadi Modaka, Mahanarayana Taila.

Contra indications27 Patients during pregnancy or takin_g blood thinning agents should

avoid use of this drug. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight.


. ... __ .......... , ............. ... ............. --... .. ... -......... ..,. ... ., ...... h, •• ,. ::;:::- -::;:::.:.~ >r-.• ~ "~J -- . - ....... - --_.._ .,,...... -

Angelica archangelica Linn.

Botanical Name

Popular Name49

Family

Distribution45

IUCN Status45

Threats 45

Partls 6

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s

Uses6/

Properties6

Formulation

Safety !Toxicity

Contra indication

6

Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John.

syn. Macrotomia benthamii (Wall.) DC.

Gojihva (Ay.)

Boraginaceae

Himalayas viz. Kashmir to Uttarakhand at an altitude ranging

between 3000-4500m

Critically Endangered

4,5 & 1

Rhizome

Rhizome powder- 3-6 gm

Diseases of Tongue and Throat, Cardiac disorders and Fever.

Stimulant, Tonic, Diuretic and Expectorant.

Manasamitra Vataka, Gojihvadi kvatha

Hypersensitivity to the drug

Arnebia benthmaii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John.

7

Botanical Name Berberis aristata DC. Syn. B. sikkimensis Sch.

Popular Name8•8•44 Daruharidra (Ay.)

Family Berberidaceae

Distribution8• 17 Himalayas and Nilgiri hills at an altitude ranging between 1000-

3000m.

IUCN Status45 Endangered, Rare

Threats45 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5

Partls6• 17 Stem

Adulterant/s 31• 42. 49.S1 Root and Root bark of Berberis /ycium Royle.

Substitute/s 31•

42•

49•51 Roots of Coscinium fenestratum Colebr.

Dosels a.17.21

Uses a, 21,24,44

Formulations a. 21

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

B. asiatica Roxb.; B. lycium Royle.; B. edgeworthiana Schn.

Stem decoction - 5-10 ml

Stem powder- 3 gm.

Ay. : Itching (Kandu), Obesity {Medoroga), Diseases of Mouth (Mukharoga), Wound (Vrana), Diarrhoea due to indigestion (Amatisara), Stiffness in thigh muscle (Urustambha) , Diseases due to Kapha dosa (Kapharoga), Diseases of ear (Kamaroga), Eye diseases (Netraroga), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Anemia (Pandu), Jaundice (Kamala), Erysipelas (VIsarpa), Dysuria (Mutrakrichhra), Leucorrhoea (Shwetapradara), Soft Chancre (Upadansha), Bleeding Piles (Rakatarsha).

Sd. : Loss of taste (Suvai inmai), Rickets (Kanam), Fever (Kana suram), Plies (Moola noi), Enteric Fever (Kudal suram).

Un. : Jaundice (Yarqan), Splenitis (Waram-e- Tetial), Piles (Bawaseer), Blood purifier (Fasa-e-Dam) Amrag-e-chashm.

Ay. : Btiringaraja Taila, AstivagancttiaCiyarish•, Khatiiradi Gutika Khadirarlshta, Jatyadi Ghrita, Jatyadl Talla.

=---------:======~-=-~·· Un. : Habb-e-Bawaseer Amaya, Habb-e-Bawaseer Damiya, Habb-e- Rasaut, Habb-e- slyah chashm Kohal-ul-jawhir, Zlmad-emubarrid, Zimad-e-Warm-e-Unsayain, Haadqurs-e-zarishik, Dawaul-mlsk jawahar walli.



.,...._

•

....,._...._.I'IIN

' ' .. , .. c.R~c-. ... ..... .. ......... ... ... .............. "' -l""-. 'l$!,1Sf --- 11 ~ ?.<r'\1.. -- ~""\.~ ..... ~ .... ~• .... or - \!...o.<>.lo V>..:cl. ...... .,.. • • =--=-~ (_~ ........... ) - "'~ - <-"""'-\"-'< --~f. e.. ~ Q. Cv•


Coscinium fenestratum Colebr

Berberis /ycium Royle

Botanical Name

Popular Name4

Family

Distribution

IUCN Status45

Threats45

Adulterant/s 49

Substitute/s

Dose/s4·14 ·44

Uses4, s,14,44f

Properties

Formulations4

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Stern b. Syn. B. ligulata Engl.

Pasanabheda (Ay.)

Saxifragaceae

Throughout temperate Himalayas from Bhutan to Kashmir at an

altitude ranging between 900-3000 m and Khasi hills ascending

upto 1200 m.

Vulnerable

1, 2, 3, 4 & 5

Rhizome

Aerva lanata Juss., Coleus amboinicus Lour., Celosia argentea

Linn., Kalanchoe pinnata Pers., Rotula aquatics Lour., Homonoia

riparia Lour., Didymocarpus pedicellata R.Br., Ocimum basilicum

Linn., Ammannia baccifera Linn.

Rhizome powder - 3-6 gm.

Rhizome Decoction- 20-100 ml

Ay. : Calculus (Ashmari), Polyurea (Prameha), Dysuria

(Mutrakrichhra), Spleen Enlargement (Piihavriddhi).

Lithotriptic, Antilithiatic, Astringent, Diuretic, Laxative.

Ay. : Ashmarihara Kashaya Churna, Mutravirechaniya Kashaya

Churna.


Bergenia ciliata (Haw)Sternb.

........ u .. ... lputallllul

~~~-~·.,.--.... T.,._ {......_.) \'. '· ,....,. ... ,.._ , .. ~q,r _,.....( ........ U'l•.:f~ ...,.,.,,._ ~ ....... J,.. ... ..L, ''"'""""' ,...., t\'MAh~U.... --..... -~--(.I:~ c;o.,,_, _________ ~--

Bergenia ciliata (Haw)Sternb.

Aerva lanata Juss.

9

Botanical Name Betula uti/is D. Don. Syn. B. bhojpattra Wall.

Popular Name6• 1a. 44 Bhurja, Bhujpattra

Family Betulaceae

Distribution 18 Throughout the Himalayas at an altitude ascending upto 4200

m.

IUCN Status40

Threats

Part/s

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 18•

44

Uses 6•18 I

Properties

Formulation18

Safety!Toxicity

Contra indication

Common

Root and Stem Bark.

Bark powder - 1-3gm.

Ay. : Specific disorder of children (Balagraha), Bleeding disorders

(Raktapitta), Wound (Vrana), Ear diseases (Karnaroga), Skin

diseases (Kushtharoga), Erysipelas (Granthivisarpa).

Antiseptic, Carminative.

Ay.: Ayaskriti


Betula uti/is D. Don.

Botanical Name

Popular Name15•

44

Family

Distribution 15

IUCN Status

Threats

Part/s

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s42

Dose/s15•

44

Uses15•

44

Formulations 15

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

10


Priyangu (Ay.)

Verbenaceae

Sub-Himalayan tracts viz. Hazara eastwards to Assam, West

Bengal and Upper Gangetic at an altitude ascending upto 1800

m.

Fruit

Fruits of Aglaia roxburghiana Miq., Fruit kernel of Prunus

mahaleb Linn.

Fruit powder- 1-2 gm.

Ay. : Emesis (Chardi), Burning sensation (Daha), Fever (Jvara),

Blood impurities (Raktadosha), Vertigo (Bhrama), Diseases due

to Vata dosha (Vataroga), Stiffness of jaw (Vaktrajadya),

Diarrhoea (Atisara), Epilepsy (Apasmara), Duodenal ulcer

(Parinamashula), Spongy gums , Paralysis (Pakshaghata).

Ay.:Jirakadi Modaka, Brihat Phalaghrita, Brihat Chhagaladya

Ghrita, Vyaghri Taila.


Botanical Name

Popular Name15•44

Family

Distribution 15

IUCN Status40

Threats

Partls6•15

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 15•

44

Uses s, 15, 44

Formulations 15

Safety/Toxicity

Cedrus deodars (Roxb.) Loud. Syn. C. libani Barrel. var. deodars

Hook. f.

Devadaru (Ay.)

Pinaceae

North West Himalayas viz. Kashmir to Garhwal, at an altitude

ranging between 1200-3000m. Also cultivated in Kumaon.

Common

Heart wood and Bark

Wood decoction- 50-100 mi.

Wood powder - 3-6 g

Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Fever (Jvara), Worm infestation (Krimi),

Itching (Kandu), Chronic rhinitis (Pinasa), Constipation (Vibandha),

Flatulence with gurgling sound ( Adhmana), Drowsiness (Tandra),

Hiccough (Hikka), Polyurea ( Prameha) Cough (Kasa), Skin

diseases (Kushtha), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata ), Diseases of

blood (Raktavikara ), Puerperal diseases (Sutikaroga), Oedema

(Shopha ), Goiter (Galaganda), Diseases due to Vata dosha

(Vatavyadhi), Filaria ( Shlipada), Nasal discharge (Nasa Srava), Eye

diseases (Netra roga), Stomach disorders (Udararoga), Asthma

(Shvasa), Wound (Vrana).

Ay. : Khadirarishta, Dashamularishta, Devadarvadyarishta,

Mritasanjivanisura, Karpuradyarka, Chandanadi Churna,

Sudarshana Churna, Narayana Taila, Pradarantaka Lauha,

Vataraktantaka Lauha, Mahavishagarbha Taila.

Contra indication36 Avoid during pregnancy.

Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.

12

Botanical Name Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

Popular Name6• 8• 44 Jyotishmati (Ay.)

Family Celastraceae

Distribution Throughout hilly regions at an altitude ascending up to 1200m.

IUCN Status45 Low risk and near threatened rare.

Threats 45 4, 2, 1 & 9

Part/s 8• 44 Seed

Adulterant/s 42 Seeds of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn., Duranta plumieri

Jacq.

Substitute/s

Dose/s 8, 23, 44

Uses &,8,23, 24,44 1

Properties

Formulations 8• 23

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Seed powder -1gm- 2 gm.

Seed oil - 5 - 15 drops

Ay. : Diseases due to Vata Dosha (Vatavyadhi), Weakness of

Memory (Smritidaurbalya), Abdominal disorders (Udararoga),

Wounds (Vrana), Skin diseases (Sidhma), Amenorrhoea

(Asrigdara), Leucoderma (Shvitra).

Sd. : Uterine diseases (Karupai noigal), Cough (lrumal), Kaba

diseases (lya noigal), Rheumatoid arthritis (Keel vayu), Dysentery

(Kuruthi kzhichal), Menorrhagia (Perum padu), Ulcer (Kudal pun).

Un. : Weakness of Stomach (Zof-e-meda), Amraz-e-Balgamia, Zof

e-Bah.

Abortifacient.

Ay. : Smritisagara Rasa, Jyotishmati Taila,

Un. : Tilakhas-ui-Khas.


Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

Celastrus paniculatus Willd. ~----------------------~

Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn .

•

Botanical Name

PoP-ular Name4.20

Family

Distribution4

IUCN Status45

Threats 45

Part/s4•

44

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 4

Uses 4, s, 22, 24,44f

Properties

Formulations 4• 20

Safety/Toxicity

Contra Indication


Lauraceae

Tropical, subtropical Himalayas viz. East Jammu to Bhutan at an altitude ranging between 900-2300 m and khashi hills, ranging between 900-1200m.

Low risk and near threatened rare.

2,4&5

Leaf

Leaf powder - 1-3 gm

Ay. : Piles (Arsha), Anorexia (Aruchi), Chronic Rhinitis (Pinasa), Nausea (Hrillasa), Obesity (Medoroga), Cough (Kasa), Colic (Udarashula), Diarrhoea (Atlsara ) and Asthma (Shvasa).

Sd. : Asthma (lraippu erumal), Cough (lrumal), Fever (Megha suram), Tumour (Megha katty), Thirst (Neer vetkai), Indigestion (Vaitru porumal), Vomiting (Vanthi), Leucorrhoea (Vettai).

Un. : Weakness of Stomach (Zof-e-Meda), Diarrhoea (lshal), Cough (Sual), Coryza (Zukam), Nazala, Bakhrulfam Zof-e-Kabid.

Ay. : Hypoglycaemlc, Hypollpidaemic, Carminative.

Un. : Jawarlsh-e-Shahreyaran, Jawarish-e-Zarishk, Jawarish-eTamar Hindi, Kamlra-e- Abresham Arshadwals, Kohal-e- Roshnai, Jawarish-e-Narmushk, Majoon-e- Juntiyana, Majoon Kalkalanaj, Majoon-e-Muqll, Majoon-e-Khadar, Majoon-e-Sohag Sonth, Araqe-Amber, Araq-e-Juzam, Sufoof-e-Ziabetus Qawi.

====


14

Botanical Name Coleus forskohlii Linn.

Gandlra (Ay.) --~.----~-~--- -----------------------------------------~

Family

Distribution 6• 18

IUCN Status

Threats

Part/s 18

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 18

Uses 6•

18/

Properties

Formulations 18

Safety/Toxicity

Lamiaceae

Subtropical Western Himalayas, Nilgiri hills, Deccan peninsula,

Gujarat, Bihar and Kumaon to Nepal at an altitude ranging up to

2400m. Cultivated in Maharashtra.

Root

Root powder - 3- 6g . .

Ay. : Pain (Shula), Inflammation (Shotha), Piles (Arsha), Lump in

abdomen (Gulma), Cough (Kasa), Worm infestation (Krimi), Skin

diseases (Kushtha), Abdominal diseases (Udararoga), Chronic

wound (Dushta Vrana), Spleen diseases (Piiharoga), Dyspepsia

(Ajirna) , Retention of urine (Muturaghata), Constipation

(Vibandha).

Cardiac stimulant.

Ay. : Krimighna Kashaya Churna.

Contra indication 7 Patients suffering with ulcers, low blood pressure and bleeding

disorders should not use this ~rug.

Coleus forskohlii Linn.

Botanical Name

Popular Name15

Family

Distribution 2•

15

IUCN Status40

Threats

Part/s 15

Adulterant/s 49• 50

Substitute/s

Dose/s 15

Uses s. 11 ,1s, 44 1

Properties

Formulations 2•15

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Crocus sativus Linn.

Kum - kum, Keshara (Ay.)

lridaceae

Cultivated through corms in Kashmir and Pampor plateau, at an

altitude ascending up to 1600 m.

Cultivated

Stigma and Style

Dried flower of Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Ait. , Dried rays florets

of Tagetes patula Linn.

Stigma and style - 25mg - 50 mg.

Ay. : Emesis (Chhardi), Cough (Kasa), Wound (Vrana), Localized

hyper pigmentation (Vyanga), Diseases of head (Shiroroga) , Eye diseases (Netra Roga), Throat diseases (Gala Roga), Diseases of skin (Sidhma), Upward movement of gases (Udavartta) , Urinary obstructions (Mutraghata), Chronic sinusitis (Suryavartta),

Migraine (Ardhavabhedaka), Measles (Romantika).

Sd. :Fever (Suram), Liver enlargement (Kaleeral veekam), Catarrhal infection (Mooku neer paithal), Skin diseases (Thol

noikal).

Sedative and Abortifacient.

Ay.: Karpuradyarka, Balarka Rasa, Yakuti Churna , Kunkumadya

Taila, Mahanarayana Taila , Pushyanuga Churna. ============:<I

Hp. : Crocus sativus mother tincture


Crocus sativus Linn.

42 ..

Botanical Name

Popular Name44

Family

Distribution 16

IUCN Status45

Threats 45

Partls

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 16

Uses 16•

44/

Properties

Formulation

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

16

Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don. Syn. Orchis latifolia auct. non Linn.

Munjataka (Ay.)

Orchidaceae

Himalayas viz. Kashmir to Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh at an

altitude ranging between 2800- 4200 m.

Criticallly rare

4,1 &5

Root

Root powder -3-6gm.

Ay. : Diarrhoea (Atisara), Chronic Fever (Jirnajvara), Head Diseases

(Sirorog), Gout (Vatarakta), Erysipelas (Visarpa).

Restorative, Aphrodisiac.

Ay. : Mahamayura Ghrita, Dvipanchamuladya Ghrita, Sukumaraka

Taila, Godhumadya Ghrita.


Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don.

Botanical Name

Popular Name43

Family

Distribution 47

IUCN Status40

Threats

Part/s 43

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 43•

47

Uses 6•43

/

Properties

Formulations 47

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

17

Delphinium denudatum Wall.

Nirvisa (Ay.)

Ranunculaceae

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2408-

3657m.

Endangered

Root

Root powder- O.Sgm -1gm

Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Wound (Vrana), Skin diseases

(Kushtha), Toothache (Dantashula), Diseases due to Vatadosha

(Vatavyadhi), Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Jaundice (Kamala),

Abdominal disorders (Udararoga), Soft chancre (Upadansha),

Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa), Dysmenorrhoea (Kashtartava).

Stimulant, Tonic.

Un. : Khamirajadwarl, Habb-e-jadwar.


Delphinium denudatum Wall .

........ ~-~ .....-..~Ja~at ............. ...,.._.. .. ,. _.,

Botanical Name

Popular Name43

Family

Distribution

IUCN Status

Threats

Partls

Adulterant/s 38

Substitute/s

Dose/s

Uses 43

Formulations 1

Safety!Toxicity48

Contra indication

Digitalis purpurea Linn.

Tilapushpi (Ay.)

Scrophulariaceae

Cultivated in Kashmir, Darjeeling and Nilgiri in India.

Leaves

Verbascum thapsus Linn., Primula vulgaris Huds., lnula conyza

DC., lnula helenium Linn., Urtica dioica Linn.

Leaf powder - 30mg - 60 mg

Ay. : Heart diseases (Hridayaroga), Skin diseases(Twakvikara),

Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa), Cardiac oedema

(Hriddaurbalyajanya shotha), Fever (Jvara).

Hp. : Digitalis purpurea Mother tincture

Use drug by consulting medical practitioners.


Digitalis purpurea Linn.

Botanical Name

Popular Name15

Family

Distribution 15

IUCN Status40

Threats

Part/s15

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 15

Uses 6•

15•

44/

Properties

Formulations 15

Safety/Toxicity

Contra Indication

19

Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Syn. D. crispata Roxb., D. daemons

Roxb.

Varahl (Ay.)

Dioscoreaceae

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 1800 m.

Cultivated

Rhizome


Ay. : Worm infestation (Krimi), Itching (Kandu), Skin Diseases

(Kushtha), Polyurea (Prameha), Ulcers (Antaravrana), Piles

(Arsha) and Dysentery (Atisara).

Rejuvenatlve (Rasayana).

Ay. : Naraslmha Churna , Vatsyamayantaka Ghrlta, Panchanlmba

Churna.


Dioscorea bulbifera Linn.

lww.........,., .. ...._,.. • ., .... -........ -~ .... =-- ,.,. __ - ~,"""'-- --~- ... ...-..

Botanical Name

Popular Name15•

44

Family

Distribution 15

IUCN Status

Threats

Part/s15

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Oose/s 15

Uses &,11 , 1s, 44

Formulations15

SafetyfToxicity

Contra indication

20

Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K.Schum. Syn. E. ganitrus Roxb.

Rudraksh (Ay.)

Elaeocarpaceae

Lower Himalayas and Western Ghats at high altitude.

Seed

Seed powder -1-2 gm.

Ay. : Epilepsy (Apasmara), Brain tonic (Matisuddhikara),

Hypertension (Uchchha raktachapa), Heart diseases

(Hridayaroga), Meseals (Romantika), Mental disorders

(Manasaroga), Insomnia (Anidra).

Sd. : Epileptic fits (Kakkai valippu)

Ay. : Gorochanadi Vati, Dhanvantara Gutika, Mritasanjivani

Gutika.


Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.

Botanical Name Embelia ribes Burm.f.

Popular Name4• 8• 44.20 Vidanga (Ay.); Baobarang (Un.)

Family

Distribution 19

IUCN Status

Threats

Myrsinaceae

Throughout India at an altitude ascending up to 1500 m in the hills.

Part/s4 Fruit

Adulterant/s34•

42•

49 Fruits of Embelia tsjeria~cottam A. DC.

Substltute/s34•

42•

49 Fruits of Myrsine africana Linn.

Dose/s 4 Fruit powder - 5-1 Ogm.

Uses 4. 6• 20

•24

•44

/ Ay. : Pain (Shula), Worm Infestation (Krimiroga), Diseases of abdomen (Udararoga), Flatulence with gurgling sound (Adhmana), Heart Diseases (Hridayaroga), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Jaundice (Kamala).

Properties

Formulations 4.20

Safety/Toxicity 19

Contra Indication

Sd. : Peptic ulcer (Gunmam), Worm Infestation (Nun puzhu kolli), Gastric trouble (Vayu), Anemia (Veluppu noi).

Un. : Intestinal worms(Deedan-e-Ama), Waj-ui-Mafasll.

Rejuvenatlve (Rasayana), Contraceptive, Anthelminthic.

Ay. : Vldangarlshta, Vldanga Lauha , Vidangadl Lauha.

Hp. : Embelia ribes mother tincture.

Un. : Habb-e-Kibreet, Qurs-e-Deedan, ltrifal-e-Deedan, Majoone- Jograj Gugal, Majoon-e-Kai-Kalanaj, Habb-e-Kabid Naushadri.

Drug used traditionally in prescribed dose may be considered safe.


Embelia ribes Burm.f.

Embelia tsjeriam-cottam DC.

-""" ............ ~.._ .. ._... .. .,...._ .... r......., ,......,. u•

Botanical Name

Popular Name29

Family

Distribution 19

IUCN Status

Threat

Adulterant/s 42

Substitute/s 42

Dose/s 19

Uses 19•

29/

Properties

Formulation9

Safety!Toxicity 19

Contra indication

22

Ephedra gerardiana Wall.

Soma(Ay.)

Gnetaceae

Dry valleys of Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at an altitude

ranging between 3600 -4800 m.

Rare

Stem

E. intermedia Schrenk., Equisetum arvense Linn.

Roots/Stem Bark of Ficus religiosa Linn., Ephedra sinica Stapf.,

E. equisetina Bunge.

Stem powder - 1-2gm

Ay. : Asthma (Shvasa), Heart weakness (Hriddaurbalya).

Antiasthmatic, Nasal Decongestant.

Hp. : Ephedra gerardiana mother tincture.

Convulsions and psychotic reactions are reported to be toxic

effects of ephedra alkaloids.


Ephedra geradiana Wall.

Ephedra gerardiana Wall.

Ficus religiosa Linn.

Botanical Name

Popular Name44

Family

Distribution 47

IUCN Status

Threats

Part/s 44

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 44•

47

Uses 6•

44

Formulation 47

Safety/Toxicity

23

Gentians kurroo Royle

Trayamana (Ay.)

Gentianaceae

North West Himalayas viz. Kashmir at an altitude ranging between

1500-3337m.

Threatened and in the negative list of Export from India

Root

Root powder- 1-3gm.

Ay. : Diarrhoea (Atisara), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Erysipelas

(Visarpa), Fever (Jvar), Urinary disorders (Mutravikara).

Ay. : Mahatikta Ghrita

Contra indication 27 Patients suffering with ulcer or stomach Inflammation should not

use this drug.

Gentiana kurroo Royle

Botanical Name

Popular Name 12. 44

Family

Distribution 12

IUCN Status 40

Threats

Partfs12, 44

Adulterant/s42

Substitute/s

Dose/s 12

Uses6,11,12, 44J

Properties

Formulations 12

Safety/Toxicity

Gloriosa superba Linn.

Langall, Kalihari (Ay.)

Liliaceae

Throughout the tropical regions at an altitude ascending up to

2,000 m.

Rare and Cultivated

Tuberous root.

Rhizomes of Costus speciosus Smith.

Tuberous root powder -125- 250 mg

Ay. : Pain (Shula), Oedema (Shopha), Piles (Arsha), Worm

infestation (Krimi) , Skin diseases (Kushtha), Diseases due to Vata

Dosha (Vatavyadhi), Wound (Vrana), Pain in lower abdomen

(Bastishula), Malpresentation of foetus (Garbha Shalya), Gout

(Vatarakta), Baldness (Khalitya), Ear diseases (Karnaroga).

Sd. : Leprosy (Thozhu noi), Skin diseases (Thol noigal), Piles

(Mola noi), Colic (Vayitru vali), Worms (kirumi).

Anthelminthic, Abortifacient.

Ay. : Mahavishagarbha Taila, Nirgundi Taila, Kasisadi Taila.


G/oriosa superba Linn.

G/oriosa superba Linn.

---~--~~~~~~~ -~·- ...

Costus speciosus Smith.

25

Botanical Name Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham.ex Sm.

Popular Name4• 10•44 Shati (Ay.); sGa-skya'i-rlgs (Sr.)

Family Zingiberaceae

Distribution 4 Western and central regions of sub-tropical Himalayas viz.

IUCN Status 45

Threats 45

Part/s4

Adulterant/s42

Substitute/s42

Dose/s 4•

44

Uses 4, 10,44

Formulations 4

Safety/Toxicity

Kumaon and Punjab. at an altitude ranging between 1500-2000

m.

Vulnerable

4,5&2

Rhizome

Rhizome of Hedychium coronarium Koenig.

Rhizome of Kaempferia galanga Linn.

Rhizome powder-1-3 gm.

Ay. : Pain (Shula) , Asthma (Shvasa) , Emesis (Chhardi), Cough

(Kasa), Itching (Kandu), Diseases of Mouth (Mukharoga),

· Diarrhoea (Atisara), Piles (Arsha), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata),

Semen disorder (Shukraroga).

Sr. : Dyspepsia, Against blood coagulation in vessels .

Ay. : Agastyaharitaki Rasayana, Shatyadi Churna.

Contra indication13 Avoid during pregnancy and breast feeding.

Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham.ex Sm.

S. No. 26

Botanical Name Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.

Popular Name6•10 Neichak (Ay.); sTar-bu (Sr.)

Family Elaeagnaceae

Distribution 33 Throughout the Himalayas mainly in cold desert at high altitudes

IUCN Status

Threats

Part/s6 Fruit and seed

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Doses

Uses 6•10 Ay. : Pulmonary complaints, Cutaneous troubles.

Sr. : Diseases of Lungs, Blood coagulation , Blood cyst .

Formulation

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.

··-l('_ ......... _ ...... .... ---..... ... ('_,.,._.a.,.. JN•.-'-.IMI•,._, - .. ~ .................. ~ ..... _.....,. ____ ..... ~ .......... ..., , . .....,__,....,......._ ... ......... , ......... ,....,.._, ......... """"'---',._,_ ~ ......... al1 ... .i..... ~-.._._. ...... ,. ............ ...._ ...... _,_..,.,...., ...... II ....

n:..-......., • .," ..

S. No. 27

Botanical Name Hyoscyamus niger Linn.

Popular Name10•18• 44 Parasika Yavanl (Ay.); Thang-phrom lang-thang-rtse (Sr.)

Family

Distribution 6

IUCN Status

Threats

Solanaceae

Western Himalayas from Kashmir to Garhwal at an altitude ranging between 2300 and 3200 m .

Part/s18 Seed

Adulterant/s 41• 49• 52 Leaves of Althea officina/is Linn., Hyoscyamus squarrosus Griff., Taraxacum officinale Weber.

Substitute/s 42 Seeds of Hyoscyamus muticus Linn., Gynandropsis gynandra Briq.

Dose/s 18 Seed powder - 125-500 mg.

Uses 6• 10

•18

• 19.24

• 44

/ Ay. : Constipation (Vibandha), Calc.ulus (Ashmari), Pain (Shula), Asthma (Shvasa ), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Cough (Kasa), Worm infestation (Krimi), Schizophrenia (Unmada), Scanty menstruation (Rajahkrlchchhra), Early Ejaculation (Shighrapatana), Pain in the abdomen (Udarashula), Insomnia (Anidra), Joint pain (Sandhishula) Worm infestation (Krimi),

Properties

Formulations 11.24

Safety/Toxicity 11

Contra Indication

Whooping cough (Kukkurakasa).

Sd. : Aramba paittiyam (initial mental disorder), Dysmenorrhoea (Soothaga vali), Soothaga vayu, Cough (Mantara iraippu), Loss of Memory (Ninaivu thadu matrram), Palladi nol(thantha noigal), Enlargement of Heart (Thamaraka thadippu), Insomnia (Thookka minmai).

Sr. : Toothache, Pharyngitis , Malignant ulcers . =.;_,=~-==-

Ay. : Analgesic, Sedative In irritable conditions.

Sd. : Sarapunka Vilvathi leghlyam, Kabada Mathlral, Nanthi Mezh ugu, Thlpplll Rasayanam, Ven poosanl Ney.

Overdose produces poisonous effects similar to those of Datura (Dsturs mete/) poisoning, such as dryness of tongue and mouth, giddiness, and delirium.


Hyoscyamus niger Linn.

-~L .. x-•'.:..;: .. - --·

S. No.

Botanical Name

Popular Name 15

Family

Distribution 15• 19

IUCN Status45

Threats 45

Part/s6•

15

Adulterant/s42

Substitute/s42

Dose/s 15

Uses s, 15, 19f

Properties

Formulations 15

Safety/Toxicity 19

Contra indication

28

/nula racemosa Hook.f.

Pushkara (Ay.)

Asteraceae

North- western Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 1600 -

4200m.


1, 3, 5 & 4

Root

Roots of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke, lnula royleana DC.

Roots of Iris germanica Linn.

Root powder - 1-3gm.

Ay. :Anorexia (Aruchi), Flatulence with gurgling sound (Adhmana),

Hiccough (Hikka), Fever (Jvara), Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa),

Intercostal neuralgia (Parsvasula), Oedema (Shopha), Facial

paralysis (Ardita), Anemia (Pandu).

Hypoglycaemic, Antiasthmatic, Antidyspnoea, Anthelminthic,

Expectorant and Diuretic, Seed is aphrodisiac.

Ay. : Kankayana Gutika, Kumaryasava, Mahanarayana Taila,

Manasamitrarka, Dashamularishta, Lodrasava, Rasnadi

Kvathachurna.

Traditional uses of Drug in recommended dose is considered to

be safe.


lnula racemosa Hook. f.

S. No.

Botanical Name

Popular Name16

Family

Distribution 16

29

Microstylis wallichii Lindle Syn. Malaxis acuminata D.Don.

Jivaka (Ay.)

Orchidaceae

Temperate and subtropical Himalayas, viz. Shimla to Sikkim,

Anamalai hills in South India, Khasi hills and Andaman at an

altitude ranging between 1200-1700 m.

IUCN Status40 Rare

Threats

Part/s

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s 46

Dose/s

Uses 16•46

/

Properties

Formulations 46

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Pseudo bulbs

Tuber of Pueraria tuberosa DC.

Ay.: Skin diseases (Kushtha), Piles (Arsha), Diseases of Children

(Balroga), Burning sensation (Daha), Fistula-in-ano (Bhagandra).

Restorative.

Ay. : Sudarshana Churna .


Microstylis wal/ichii Lindle

Botanical Name

Popular Name12. 44

Family

Distribution 12

IUCN Status40

Threats

Partfs&· 21, 44

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 12

Uses 6•

12. 21 I

Properties

Formulations 12. 21

Safety!Toxicity 26

Contra indication

Myrica escu/enta Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don. Syn. M. farquhariana

Wall., M. sapida Wall., M. nagi Hook. f. in part, non Thunb.

Katphala (Ay.)

Myricaceae

Subtropical Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 12oo-2000m.

common

Bark and fruit

Bark and Fruit powder - 3-5 gm.

Ay. : Piles (Arsha), Malabsorption syndrome (Grahani), Lump in

abdomen (Gulma), Fever (Jvara), Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa),

Polyurea (Meha), Anemia (Pandu Roga), Nausea (Hrillasa),

Diseases of mouth (Mukha Roga), Poor appetite (Agnimandya),

Anorexia (Aruchi), Throat diseases (Kantharoga).

Un. : Chronic Cough (Sual - Muzmin), Asthma (Zeeq-un-Nafas),

Neurasthenia (Zof-e-Asab), Diarrhoea (lshal).

Astringent, Carminative and Antiseptic.

Ay. : Mahavishagarbha Taila, Pushyanuga Churna , Brihatphala

Ghrita, Erimedadi Taila, Bala Taila, Khadiradi Gutika , Maha

Vatagajankusha Rasa.

Un. : Habb-e-mubarrak, Habb-e-munaish, Raughan-e-Surkha,

Safoof, lstihaza.

Wax is carcinogenic.


Myrica esculenta Buch.- Ham.ex D.Don.

-...,_, .. c-r-..,_ .. __ _ ..... -.,

--· '14 " ... .... f "' ........ ,.. ~..~_.::= ._, ,.,. ".#:hoot

........ ;-~1 - ....

Botanical Name Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Syn. Nardostachys grandiflora DC.

Popular Name4•10•20 Jatamamsi (Ay.); sPang-spos (Sr.); Sumbui-Ut-Teeb (Un.)

Family Valerianaceae

Distribution 4 Sub-alpine Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 3000-5000 m.

IUCN Status 45 Criticallly rare

Threats 45 2, 4, 1 & 5

Part/s4 Rhizome

Adulterant/s 49 Rhizomes of Selinum vaginatum C.B. Clarke, Selinum tenuifolium Wall. ex. DC.

Substitute/s

Dose/s 4

Uses 4, s ,10,11,20,44f

Properties

Formulations4•20

•30

Safety/Toxicity


Rhizome decoction- 5-10 gm.

Ay. : Burning sensation (Daha), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Mental diseases (Manasaroga), Insomnia (Anidra), Oedema (Shopha), Piles (Arsh), Hiccough (Hikka), Asthma (Shvasa), Cough (Kasa), Emesis (Chhardi), Calculus (Ashmari), Diseases due to Vatadosha (Vatavyadhi), Pain (Shula), Traumatic wound (Aghataja vrana), Fracture (Bhagna), Mouth and Eye Diseases (Mukha-Netra Roga), Flatulence (Adhmana).

Sd. : Hysteria (Soothika vatham), Convulsive affections (valippu noigal), Palpitation of Heart (ldhaya padapadppu) and Intestinal colic (Vayitru vall).

Sr. : Chronic fever , Spleen disorder, Pathogenic diseases .

Un.: Flatulence (Nafkh-e-Shikam), Dropsy (lstisqua), Jaundice (Yarqan), Hepatitis (Waram-e-Kabid), Waram-e-Rahem, Waram-eMasana, Suda.

Stimulant, Antispasmodic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue and Laxative.

Ay. : Lavangadi Churna, Gandhataila, Dashmularishta, Brahmivati, Medhya Rasayana.

Un. : Jawarish-e- Fanjnosh, Barshasha, Anoshdaru, Anoshdaru Lulvi, Kohal-e- Roshnai, Sufoof-e-Mohazzil, lyarij-e-Faiqra, Raughan-e-Babuna Qawi, Zimad-e-Sumbul-ut-teeb.

Contra indication 13 Avoid during pregnancy and breast feeding.

Nardostachys jatamansi DC.

Nardostachys jatamansi DC.

Rile tAyl !tkkim

l< a:.

&OOlOS'AL &IJ£AaniCf~Til.E t o\,....., ............. .....,,,~,wl ... , r ... ..,.,., 14?' ..., >Jii" - .. ~-!1. ~~ .ft,.,~:Ji~··Ol ........ _ \61offn .. ~<f-----~-- IW-~Ri'-~ ... 1~1 tk

,.__........_ --- -....,_.,.""-- _....,.~

sw•• -.....JU~.._~, 4{( t-i"'t.· w..J.

;::,,._ll i..~ •;~.:-··_n''!!'f

Rhizome

Selinum vaginatum Clarke

Selinum tenuifolium Wall.

Botanical Name

Popular Name12

Family

Distribution

IUCN Status40

Threats

Partls12

Adulterant/s 49

Substitute/s 49

Dose/s 12

Uses 6• 12

• 44

/

Properties

Formulations 12

SafetyfToxicity

Contra indication

32

Oroxylum indicum Vent.

Shyonaka (Ay.)

Bignoniaceae

Throughout Himalayan regions in semi to moist tropical forests

at an altitude ascending up to 1000 m.

Rare

Root

Stem bark of Oroxylum indicum Vent.

Root and Root bark of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

Root powder - 5-10 g

Root Decoction - 25 - 50g.

Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Anorexia (Aruchi), Diseases of Urinary

bladder (Basti Roga), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata), Cough

(Kasa), Diseases of ear (Karna Roga) , Diseases of abdomen

(Udara Roga) , Diseases due to Vata Dosha (Vatavyadhi),

Diarrhoea/Dysentery (Atisara), Otorrhoea (Putikarna).

Astringent, Diaphoretic, Purgative.

Ay. : Brahma Rasayana, Dashamularishta , Dashmula

Kvathachurna, Dantyadyarishta, Narayana Taila, Amritarishta,

Dhanavantara Ghrita, Cyavanaprasha Avaleha.



Root

S!t'l11 8,1rk

Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

Botanical Name

Popular Name8

Family

Distribution23•30

IUCN Status45

Threats45

Part/s8

Adulterant/s49

Substitute/s

Dose/s8

Uses a,2a, 24, 44

Formulations8

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle Syn. P. scrophulariaeflora

Pennell

Katuka (Ay.)

Scrophulariaceae

North Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at an altitude ranging

between 2500-4500m.

Endangered

4, 2, 11, & 5

Rhizome

Roots of Lagotis glauca Gaertn.

Rhizome powder - 1 - 3 gm.

Ay. : Asthma (Shvasa), Burning sensation (Daha) , Fever (Jvara),

Jaundice (Kamala), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Intermittent fever

(Visamajvara), Anorexia (Aruchi), Heart diseases (Hridayaroga),

Hyperacidity (Amlapitta), Hiccough (Hikka).

Sd. : Fever (Suram), Liver diseases (Kalleral noi), Digestive

disorder (Mantham), Ulcer (Vayitru Pun)

Un. : Weakness of stomach (Zofe-mdea), Dyspepsia (Zof-e

Hazam), Flatulence (Nafaka-e- Shikam), Dropsy (lstisqua).

Ay. : Arogyavardhini Gutika, Tiktaka Ghrita , Sarvajvarahara Lauha,

Mahatiktaka Ghrita.


Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle

Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle

__ .. .... __. ....

(dtnl C-.11 laf ._ftt II~-.... '-••""""I v.•

,..,.,...._ f2Ul: o-J- IHII!o

-·--n...,....,.-a....: ·- ..,...._... ...

Lagotis glauca Gaertn.

Botanical Name

Popular Name12

Family

Distribution 12

IUCN Status

Threats

Part/s12

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s12

Uses12

Formulations12

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Syn. P. longifolia Roxb.

Sarala (Ay.)

Pinaceae

Himalayas from an altitude ranging between 600 -1830m.

Abundant

Root, Heart Wood, Resin.

Root, Heart Wood - 1-3gm

Ay. : Eye diseases (Netraroga), Burning sensation (Daha),

Diseases of throat (Kantha Roga), Syncope (Murchchha), Wound

(Vrana), Diseases of ear (Karnaroga), Cough (Kasa).

Ay. : Karpuradyarka, Sudarshana Churna.


Pinus roxburghii Sarg.

Botanical Name

Popular Name10·43

Family

Distribution 19

IUCN Status45

Threats45

Part/s19

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Usess,1o,19,43f

Properties

Formulation

Safety/Toxicity19

Contra indication

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Syn. P. emodiWall. ex Hook.f. &

Thoms.

Podophyllaceae

Throughout Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at an altitude

ranging between 2600 -4500m.


3, 4, 2, 1 & 5

Rhizome, Root, Resin.

Rhizomes of Ainsliaea latifolia (D.Don) Sch.Bip.

Resin -125-250mg

Root powder - 250 mg - 500 mg

Ay. : Skin diseases (Tvakroga), Liver disorders (Vakritvikara),

Chronic constipation (Jirna Vibandha), Gout (Vatarakta),

Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata), Poor appetite (Agnimandya),

Genital warts.

Sr. : Gynaecological disorders .

Purgative and Antimitotic.

Drug is strongly irritant to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.


Podophyllum hexandrum Royle

Botanical Name

Popular Name10•18

Family

Distribution 18•49

IUCN Status40

Threats

Part/s18

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s18

Uses 10,18

Formulations 18

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle

Mahameda (Ay.); Ra-mnye (Sr.)

Liliaceae

Temperate Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2000-3000m.

Endangered

Rhizome and Root

Rhizome and Root Powder 3 - 6 g.

Ay. : Diseases of Children (Balaroga), Burning sensation (Daha),

Fever (Jvara), Jaundice (Kamala), Bleeding disorder (Raktapitta),

Blood disorder (Raktavikara), Debility due to chest injury

(Kshatakshina ).

Sr. : Pain in kidneys, Fluid retention in joints, Dropsy, Impotency,

Lung diseases.

Ay. : Ashoka Ghrita, Shiva Gutika, Amritaprasha Ghrita,

Dashamularishta, Dhanvantara Taila, Masha Taila , Mahanarayana

Taila, Vasachandanadi Taila.


Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle

37

Botanical Name Polygonatum vertlcillatum (L.) Ait.

Popular Name32 Meda(Ay.)

Family Liliaceae

Distribution 32 Temperate Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 240Q-2800m.

IUCN Status

Threats 33 Vulnerable

Part/s Rhizome

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s

Uses 46 Ay. : Diseases of Children (Balroga), Jaundice (Kamala).

Formulations 46 Ay. : Bala Ghrita, Mahapadmaka Taila, Triphaladi Ghrita.

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Polygonatum verticilatum (L.) Ait

Botanical Name

Popular Name8

Family

Distribution 8•23

IUCN Status40

Threats

Part/s8

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 8

Uses 8.23

Formulations 8•23

Safety/Toxicity

Portulaca oleracea Linn.

Ghotika (Ay.)

Portulacaceae

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 1500 m.

Abundant

Whole Plant

Plant powder- 3-6gm.

Ay. : Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Inflammation (Shotha), Piles

(Arsha), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Polyurea (Prameha), Wound

(Vrana).

Un. : Shiddat-e- Atash, Galayan-e- Dam, Ziyadati-e- Safra, Sogish

e-meda, Amawa Baul.

Ay. : Marma Gutika.

Un. : Mufarresh, Barid, Banadiq-ui-Buzoor.


Portulaca o/eracea Linn.

-~ ---- u.,l. r. ... "~uJ._ ""'"';> Nk".~.~- lc.. • ..,

Botanical Name

Popular Name 12

Family

Distribution 12

IUCN Status

Threats

Part/s 12,44

Adulterant/s 42

Substitute/s

Dose/a 12

Uses 12•44

Formulations 12

Safety!Toxlclty

Contra Indication

Prunus cerasoides D. Don.

Padmaka (Ay.)

Rosaceae

Temperate Himalayas viz. Garhwal to Sikkim at an altitude ranging

between 910-1820 m.

Heart wood

Heart wood attached with bark of Prunus cerasoides D .Don.,

old material of Stem bark

Wood powder -1-3 gm.

Ay. : Vertigo (Bhrama), Burning sensation (Daha), Skin diseases

(Kushtha), Bleeding disorders (Raktapitta), Blister (Visphota),

Emesis (Chhardi), Erysipelas (Visarpa) Cough (Kasa), Gout

(Vatarakta), Hlccough (Hikka) and Asthma (Shvasa).

Ay. : Chandanasava, Dashmularlshta, Ushlrasava, Khadlradl

Gutika, Guduchyadi Kvathachurna, Guduchyadi Talla,

Mrltasanjlvanl Sura, Karpuradyarka.


Prunus cerasoides D.Don.

- .. --~c.-1 ................. .... -·-"· - '-•~ --

Botanical Name

Popular Name

Family

Distribution 49

IUCN Status 45

Threats 45

Part/s

Adulterant/s41•49

Substitute/s

Dose/s 21

Uses 6•

21

Formulations 21

Safety/Toxicity

40

Rheum australe D.Don. Syn. R. emodi Wall. ex Maissen.

Amlavetasa (Ay.)

Polygonaceae


4500m.

Vulnerable, Rare

2, 4,1 & 5

Rhizome

Seeds of Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso.

Root of Begonia rex Putz.

Rhizome powder -1-3gm.

Ay. : Toothache (Dantashula), Ulcer (Antarvrana).

Un. :Jaundice (Yarqan), Drospsy (lstisqa), Amenorrhea (Ehtehas

e- Tams), Anuria (Entebas-e-Baul), Waram-e-kabid. Purgative and

Astringent tonic.

Un. : Habb-e-Miskeen Nawaz, Habb-e-Mushil lstisqaee Dawa-ui

Luk.

Contra indications35 Patients suffering from Arthritis, hemorrhoids, Nephropathy and

Intestinal obstruction should not use this drug.

Rheum australe D.Don.

Rheum australe D.Don.

H IE-IliUM ......... ~~Sa ... ... .............. , ..... .,._ ..... , ...

--~ ........... 111' :?1 _ .. __ ,g'_' - - £~..._ .t~w4.fl. ::::..-~~ - ~ - ,...._.t. -~-v,~~

Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso

Botanical Name

Popular name18

Family

Distribution

IUCN Status40

Threats

Part/s 18

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 18

Uses 18

Formulations 18

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

41

Rhus parviflora Roxb.

Tintidika (Ay.)

Anacardiaceae

Dry hot slopes of Himalayas viz. Punjab to Nepal and hills of

Peninsular India at an altitude ranging between 600-2100 m.

Common

Aerial Part

Powder (aerial parts)- 3-6 gm.

Ay. : Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Anorexia (Aruchi), Diarrhoea

(Atisara), Dysentery (Pravahika), Thirst (Trishna), Diseases due to

Vata Dosha (Vatavikara).

Ay. : Yavani Shadava, Hinguvachadi Churna, Ramabana Rasa.


107 °

Rhus parviflora Roxb.

. 108

Botanical Name

Family

Distribution 32

IUCN Status40

Threats

Part/s46

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s

Uses 46

Formulations 46

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

42

Roscoea procera Wall.

Khsirakakoli (Ay.)

Zingiberaceae

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 1600-2200m.

Scarce

Root

Ay. : Malaria ( Vishamajvara) , Diseases due to Pitta dosha

(Pittaroga), Bleeding disorders (Raktapitta), Eye diseases

(Netraroga), Jaundice (Kamala), Heart diseases (Hridayaroga),

Burning sensation (Daha), Polyurea (Mehroga).

Ay. : Maha Guduchi Ghrita, Maha Padmaka Taila.


Roscoea procera Wall.

Botanical Name

Popular Name10·12

Family

Distribution12

IUCN Status

Threats

PartJs12,44

Adulterantls

Substitute/s

Dose/s 12,17,44

Uses s,1o,11,12,23,44f

Rubia cordifolia Linn. senus Hook.f.

Manjistha (Ay.); bTsod (Sr.)

Rubiaceae

Throughout the Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 3750m.

Stem, Root

Stem powder - 2- 4gm.

Root Decoction -50-100 mi.

Ay. : Skin diseases (Kushtha), Piles (Arsha), Polyurea (Prameha), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Disorders of female genital tract (Yoni Roga), Eye diseases (Netraroga), Diseases due to Kapha dosha (Shleshmaja roga), Inflammation (Shotha), Ear Diseases (Karnaroga), Polyurea (Meha), Diarrhoea with blood (Raktatisara), Fracture (Bhagna), Measles (Vyanga).

Sd. : Skin diseases (Thol noigal), Tuberculosis (Eiaippu erumal), Haemoptysis (Mookil kurthi vadithal).

Sr. : Blood diseases , Intestinal fever .

Un. : Anuria (Ehtabas-e-Baul), Amraz-e-Barida Asabia, Daad, Bahaq, Bars, Aasar-e-jild.

Properties Root-Antidysenteric, Antiseptic and Vermifuge.

Formulations 12•23·37 Ay. : Chandanasava, Aravindasava, Ashvagandharishta, Ushirasava, Brihat Manjishthadi Kvatha, Manjishthadi Tail, Khadiradi Gutika,Vyaghri Taila.

Safety/Toxicity 17

Contra indication

Un. : Majoon Dabeed-ul-ward, Raughan Surkh, Dawa-ui-Kukum.

Drug used traditionally in prescribed dose may be considered safe.


Rubia cordifolia Linn. senus Hook.f.

Botanical Name Saussurea costus ( Feic.) Lipach. Syn. S. lappa C.B. Clarke

Popular Name4•6.20·44 Kushtha (Ay.);Qust (Un.)

---------------------------Family Asteraceae

Distribution 19 Kashmir eastwards at an altitude ranging between 2500 - 3000 m. Also cultivated in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim

IUCN Status 45 Critically Endangered

Threats 45 1, 4 & 5

Part/s Root and Stem

Adulterant/s 30•39

•42

•49 Roots of Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss., Salvia lanata Roxb.,

Senecio jacquemontianus Benth, Roots of lnula royleana DC., lnula racemosa Hook.f., Carduus nutans Linn., Articum lappa Linn

Substitute/s

Dose/s 4,111,44

Uses 4,&,19,20,24,44/

Root powder- 0.2o-1 gm.

Ay. : Asthma (Shvasa), Cough (Kasha), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Gout (Vatarakta), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Oedema (Shopha), Headache (Shirashula), Rheumatism (Amavata), Snake-poisoning (Sarpavisha) and Mental diseases (Manasaroga)

Sd. :Bronchial Asthma (lraippu), Piles (Moolam).

Un. : Hemiplegia(Falij), Facial Paralysis(Laqwa), Tremor(Rasha), Splenitis(Waram-e-Tehal), Intestinal Worms (Deedan-e-ama), Amenorrhea (Ehtebas-e-Tams), Daf-e-Taffun, Waj-e-Mafasil , Niqras,

Properties Antifungal , Anthelminthic, Antiasthmatic, Antidiabetic, Carminative. Stomachic, Stimulant, Spasmodic.

Formulations 4• 20•30 Ay. : Kushthadi Chruna, Naryana Churna, Narayana Taila, Phala Ghrita, Khushthadi Kvatha, Dashamularishta, Kumaryasava, Yogaraj Guggulu, Kottamchukkadi Tail.

Un. : Jawarish-e-Jalinoos, Dawa-ui-Kurkum, Majoon-e-Dabeedul Ward, Majoon-e-Juntiyana, Majoon-e- Khadar, Tiryaq-e- Samania, Zimad-e-Khanazeer, Sabadaritoos, Anqaruya-e-kabir.

SafetyfToxicity 19 Overdose leads to restlessness and muscle cramps. External use of Costus oil induces allergic contact dermatitis.

Contra indications Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Saussurea costus (Feic.) Lipach.


115

Botanical Name

Popular Name4•20

Family

Distribution 3•4

•20

IUCN Status 45

Threats 45

Partls4

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s 42

Dose/s 4,2°·44

Uses 4,6,20,44

Formulations 4•5

•20

Safety/Toxicity

Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Flem.) Karsten Syn. S. chirata Buch.Ham. ex C.B.Ciarke

Kiratatikta (Ay.); Chiraita (Un.)

Gentianaceae

Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan, Khasi hills of Meghalaya at an altitude ranging between 1200-3000m.

Criticallly rare

4

Whole plant

Swertia angustifolia Buch. - Ham., S. alata (D. Don.) Royle., Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees.

Plant powder - 1- 3gm.

Plant decoction -20-30 mi.

Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Burning sensation (Daha), Fever (Jvara), Worms infestation (krimi), Itching (Kandu), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Polyurea (Meha), Thirst (Trishna), Wound (Vrana), Digestive problems (Pachan vikar), Oedema (Shopha), Emesis (Chhardi), Asthma (Shvasa), Liver disorders (Yakritvikara), Rheumatism (Amavata).

Un. : Dyspepsia (Su-e-Hazam), Flatulence (Nafkh-e-Shikam), Blood purifier (Fasad-ud-Dam), Acne, Pimples (Busoor), Strangury (Taqteer-ul- Baul), lstisqa-e-Ziqqi.

Ay. : Sudarshan Churna, Chhinnodbhavadi Kvathachurna.

Hp. : Swertia chirayita mother tincture.

Un. : Mojoon-e-musaff-e-khoon, Majoon-e-Masikui-Baul, Araq-eJuzan.

~~==~======================================~

Contra indication35 Patients suffering from duodenal or gastric ulcer should not use this drug.

Swertia chirayita (Roxb.ex Fleming) Karsten

Andrographis paniculata Linn

119

Swertia alata Royle

25Jif ..... ., ...... ,.,_,..,, _,. J.J. "-1'

t.lllr (..,,.,,.~

o..;....._ u..~ - -,_

..... J'f"'.

Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham.

Botanical Name

Popular Name12

Family

Distribution 3•12

IUCN Status 45

Threats 45

Part/s30

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 12.44

Uses s ,11,12, 1&,44J

Properties

Formulations 3•4

•12

Safety!Toxicity

Contra indication

46

Taxus baccata Linn.

Sthauneya, Shukapushpa (Ay.)

Taxaceae

Temperate Himalayas at an altitudes ranging between 1800 -

3300m. The hills of Meghalaya and Manipur at an altitude of

1500m.

Criticallly rare

1&5

Leaf, Bark

Leaf powder -1-3 gm.

Ay. : Burning Sensation (Daha), Worm infestation (Krimi), Skin

diseases (Kushtha), Blood diseases (Rakta vikara), Thirst

(Trishna), Cancer (Arbuda - Karkata), Fever (Jvara), Oedema

(Shopha), Epilepsy (Apasmara), Headache (Shirashula), Coldness

of extremities (Shitangata), Diarrhoea (Atisara).

Sd.: Cardiac disorders (Thamaraga nogal), Bronchial congestion

(Moochu thinaral)

Anticancer, Lithotriptic, Antispasmodic and Emmenagogue.

Ay. : Bala Talla, Mahanarayana Talla.


Taxus baccata Linn.

Taxus baccata Linn .

.._.. ...,.... ........ )JIIpgi,J-............. ~ .... -,.. ..... 4tn. .. ~ ,., .. tNt -- r ..... !.ou.t;.~ ~ T-

::---~ ~ - ,.._ - ;;.rJ-- -~~~~==~~~~~~~~~:::-:· ~·~~~~~~~~(

Botanical Name

Popular Name6•10

Family

Distribution 47

IUCN Status45

Threats 45

Partls 47

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 47

Uses 6•10

/

Properties

Formulation

Safetyfroxicity

Contra indication

47

Thalictrum foliolosum DC.

Pitamulika (Ay.); sNgo-sprin (Sr.)

Ranunculaceae


2727m.

Vulnerable, Rare

1, 2, 4 & 5

Root

Root powder-o.s -1 gm.

Ay. : Dyspepsia (Ajirna).

Sr. : Inflammation , Fever.

Diuretic, Purgative, Bitter tonic during convalescence.


Thalictrum fo/iolosum DC.

Botanical Name

Popular Name44

Family

Distribution 40

IUCN Status

Threats

Part/s

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s 44

Uses 6•

44/

Properties

Formulation9

Safety/Toxicity 35

Contra indication

Thymus serpyllum Linn.

Ajagandha (Ay.)

Lamiaceae


2500m.

Scarce

Whole plant

Whole plant powder - 3-Sgm.

Ay. : Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Abdominal enlargement

(Udaravriddhi), Cough (Kasa), Stiffness of Thigh Muscles

(Urustambha), Wound (Vrana), Diseases due to Vata Dosha

(Vatavyadhi), Goitre (Galaganda), Seizures in children (Balgraha),

Fever (Jvara), Suppression of urine (Mutraghata), Convulsions

(Aksepa), Whooping-cough (Kukkurakasa) and Epilepsy

(Apasmara).

Sedative.

Hp. : Thymus serpyllum mother tincture.

Oil is toxic and very irritant to skin.


Thymus serpyllum Linn.

Botanical Name

Popular Name4.20

Family

Distribution 4•19

IUCN Status 45

Threats 45

Partls4

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s 49

Dose/s 4•19

Uses 4,19~/

Properties

Formulations 4~

Safety/Toxicity

Contra Indication

49

Valeriana wallichii DC. Syn. V. jatamansi Jones

Tagara (Ay.); Tagar (Un.)

Valerianaceae

Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan at an altitude

ranging between 1800 - 3000 m. and Khasi hills at an altitude

ascending upto 3,000 m.

Criticallly rare

2,1 4 & 5

Rhizome

Rhizomes and Roots of Nymphoides macrospermum

Vasudevan.

Roots of Coleus veniveroides K.C. Jacob.

Rhizome powder- 1-3 g.

Ay. : Eye diseases (Netraroga), Epilepsy (Apasmara),

Schizophrenia (Unmada), Diseases of Head (Shlroroga).

Un. : Hepatitis (Waram-e-Kabld), Anuria(Ehtebas-e- Baul), Dropsy

(lstisqa), Hemiplegia (Falij), Facial Paralysis (Laqwa), Paralysis

(lstirkha), Sara, Khadar, Nisyan, Yarqan-e-Suddi, Salabat-e- Tehal,

Waj-ul- Mafasil, lruqm-Nisa, Niqras, Waj-ui-Warik, Zof-e-Bah,

Ehtebas-e-Haiz.

Antispasmodic, Sedative, Carminative.

Sufoof-e-Qaranful.


Valeriana wallichii DC.

130 .

Botanical Name

Popular Name8

Family

Distribution 8•19

IUCN Status40

Threats

Partls

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s 42

Dose/s 8•44

Uses a ,a ,19,44J

Properties

Formulation 8

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Syn. Z. alatum Roxb. and its var.

planispinum (Sieb.& Zucc.) Rehd. & E.H. Wils; Z. planispinum Sieb.

& Zucc.

Tejovatl (Ay.)

Rutaceae

Hotter valleys of Himalayas viz. Jammu to Khasi hills at an altitude

ranging between 600-1800 m. Eastern ghats in Orissa, Assam and

Andhra Pradesh at an altitude ascending upto 1200 m.

Scarce

Stem bark and Fruit

Fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsa DC., Z. acanthopodium DC.

Fruit powder -1-3 gm.

Decoction -10-20 g.

Ay. : Anorexia (Aruchi), Asthma (Shvasa), Rheumatoid Arthritis

(Amavata), Cough (Kasa), Diseases of Mouth (Mukharoga),

Skin diseases (Kushtha), Piles (Arsha), Hiccough (Hikka),

Stiffness of Thigh Muscles (Urustambha), lump in abdomen

(Gulma), Fever (Jvara), Dyspepsia (Ajirna), Dental disorders

(Dantavikara), Scabies (Vicharchika).

Dentifrice, Carminative, Stomachic and Anthelminthic.

Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita, Kalaka Churna (Lepa).


Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

1. Anonymous, 1971 . Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India Vol-1. Central Council for Research In Homeopathy, Ministry of Health, Govt. of India.

2. Anonymous, 197 4. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India Vol-11. Central Council for Research In Homeopathy, Ministry of Health, Govt. of India.

3. Anonymous, 1978. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India Vol-111. Central Council for Research In Homeopathy, Ministry of Health, Govt. of India.

4. Anonymous, 1990. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-(1) Vol-1. Central Council for Research In Ayurveda, Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India.

5. Anonymous, 1990. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India Vol-VI. Central Council for Research In Homeopathy, Ministry of Health, Govt. of India.

6. Anonymous, 1994. The Useful Plants Of India. CSIR, New Delhi.

7. Anonymous, 1998. Health Quest National Database version 4. www.hquest.com


9. Anonymous, 1999. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India Voi-VII. Central Council for Research In Homeopathy, Ministry of Health, Govt. of India.

10. Anonymous, 1999. A Clear Mirror of Tibetan Medicinal Plants. Vol.- 1, Tibet Domani, MenTsee-Khang, Dharamsala, India

11 . Anonymous, 2000. Formulary of Siddha Medicines, IMPCOPS, Madras.


13. Anonymous, 2001 . Quintessential Oil- Essential Oil Safety Information www. quintoils.com

14. Anonymous, 2003. Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants Vol (1) . Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi.

15. Anonymous, 2004. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-(1) Voi-IV. Central Council for Research In Ayurveda, Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India.

16. Anonymous, 2005. Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants Vol (II}. Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi.

17. Anonymous, 2005. Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants Vol (Ill). Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi. ·

18. Anonymous, 2006. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-(1) Voi-V. Central Council for Research In Ayurveda, Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India.

19. Anonymous, 2006. Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants Vol (IV). Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi.

20. Anonymous, 2007. Unani Pharmacopoeia of India Vol-(1) -I. Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine. Publish Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India.

21 . Anonymous, 2007. Unani Pharmacopoeia of India Vol-(1) -II. Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine. Publish Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India.

22. Anonymous, 2007. Unani Pharmacopoeia of India Vol-(1) -Ill. Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine. Publish Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India.

23. Anonymous, 2007. Unani Pharmacopoeia of India Vol-(1) -IV. Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine. Publish Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India.

24. Anonymous, 2007. The Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India Part-(1) -1. Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India

25. Anonymous, 2007. Wild Dao- a Classical Chinese Medicine Resource. www. wilddao.com

26. Anonymous, 2008. Database on Plants for future . Edible, Medicinal and Useful Plants for a healthier world, England. www.ptaf.org

27. Anonymous, 2008. Contraindications of Selected Herbs "Botanical Safety Handbook". American Herbal Products Association. www.medicinebuddha.com.

28. Bennet S.S., 1987. Name Changes in Flowering Plants of India and adjacent Regions. Triseas Publishers, DeharaDun.

29. Bhava Mishra, 1967. Bhava Prakash Nighantu. Chowkhambha Vidyabhawan, Varanasi.

30. Billore K.V., Yelne M.B., Dennis T.J. and Chaudhari B.G.,2005. Data Base on Medicinal Plants Used in Ayurveda Vol-7. CCRAS, Dept. of AYUSH, Govt. of India,

31 . Cecil J . Saldanha, 1984.Fiora of Karnataka Vol I. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi.

32. Chauhan N.S., 1999. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus publication Company, New Delhi.

33. Chaurasia O.P. and Padama Gurmet, 2003. A Checklist On Medicinal & Aromatic Plants of Trans- Himalayan Cold Desert (Ladakh & Lahaui-Spiti), Field Research Laboratory (DADO) and Amchi Medicine Research Unit (CCRAS) Leh- Ladakh (J&K)

34. Chopara R.N, Chopra I.C, Handa K.L, Kapur L.D., 1958. Indigenous Drugs of India 2nd ed. U.N.Dhur & Sons Private Ltd., Calcutta

35. Duke A. James, Mary J.O. Boagenschutz- Godwin, Judi duCellier, Peggy and Ann K. Duke, 2002. Hand Book of Medicinal Herbs 2"ded. CRC Press, Washington, USA.

36. Jeanne Rose, 1999. 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog Ltd., Berkeley, California.

37. Lavekar G.S, Yelene M.B, Mangal A.K, Joseph G. V.R, Rajesh Dabur, Mandai T. K. and Gurav A.M., 2008. Data Base on Medicinal Plants Used in Ayurveda Vol-5 (Revised Edition). CCRAS, Dept. of AYUSH, Govt. of India (In press).

38. Mukerji B., 1953. The Indian Pharmaceutical Codex. Vol I (Indigenous Drugs). CSIR, New Delhi.

39. Polunin 0 . and Adam Staintan, 1984. Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

40. Samant S.S, Dhar U, Palni L.M.S (Editors), 2002. Himalayan Medicinal Plants Potential and Prospects. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development, Kosi- Katarmal, (Aimora) India.

41 . Santapu H and Hennry A .N., 1973. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants in India, Publication & Information Directorate. CSIR, New Delhi.

42. Sarin Y.K., 1996. Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda. CSIR, New Delhi.

43. Sharma P.V., 1969. Dravy Guna Vigyana, Vol2ndChowkhambha Vidyabhawan, Varanasi.

44. Sharma P.V., 1996. Classical Uses of Medicinal Plants. Chukhamba Visvabharati, Varanasi (India).

45. Sharma R. 2004. List of Endangered Medicinal Plants (Agro techniques of Medicinal Plants). Daya Publication, New Delhi.

46. Sharma S.K, Chunekar K.C , and Hota N.P., 1999. Plants of Bhav Prakash RashtiyaAyurved Vidyapittha, National Academy of Ayurveda, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India. New Delhi.

47. Singh R. S., 1969. Vanavshudhi Nirdeshika (Ayurvediya Pharmacopoeia) 1st ed. Hindi Samiti, Dept of Information - Uttar Pradesh.

48. Stuart Malcolm, 1979. The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Herbalism. Orbis Publishing, London.

49. Sunita Garg, 1996. Substitute and Adulterant Plants. Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi

50. Venkatesarlu A, Bheravamurthy P.V. and Narsimha Rao P., 1972. The Flora of Visakhapatnum, Andhra Pradesh Academy of Sciences, Hyderabad.

51 . Wallis J.C., 1973. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. Revised by H.K. AiryShaw. Slh ed. Cambridge University Press, London.

52. Wallis T.E., 1960. Textbook of Parmacognosy 4th ed. J. &A. Churchill Ltd., London.

Download - Healing herbs of himalaya

Top Related