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Healthy Living for Children in Schools Throughout America
Let’s Put An End to Childhood ObesityMidterm Project and Presentation
Action Research ProjectMichelle Morales
EDUC 7201 TFall 2012
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Table of Contents
• Slide 3- Research Design• Slide 4-Threats to Internal Validity• Slide 5- Threats to External Validity• Slide 6-Data• Slide 7- Weight Before And After Intervention Graph• Slide 8-Data• Slide 9-Test Grades on the Food Pyramid Before and After
Intervention Graph• Slide 10-Correaltion graph-Intervention vs. Playing in Gym• Slide 11-Correaltion graph-Junk Food vs. Report Card Grades• Slide 12- References
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Research Design
• The pre-experimental design I am going to implement for my research is One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The symbolic design for this research is OXO, this mean that a single group will be pretested (O), exposed to a treatment (X), and then post-tested (O).
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Threats to Internal Validity • History- This can be a threat because once the child leaves the classroom there is no
control what happens at home or at the park or elsewhere.
• Maturation- This is a threat to my study because I am working with the middle school population and they are growing rapidly. Over a four week span I can see some of them gaining weight not necessarily because of what they are eating or not eating but because of the changes and growth going on in their body.
• Testing/ Pre-test Sensitization- I can see this being a threat with my students because if they see a similar test/survey for the second time they may not take it seriously.
• Statistical Regression- this might be a threat considering the participants are all different and are at different physical levels.
• Differential Selection of Subject- This is a threat because my subjects are growing at a rapid pace and they will be physically different as well as mentally different from the start to the end.
• Selection- Maturation Interaction- Yes this poses as a threat because my results may be skewed due to the different growing rates especially amongst the boys.
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Threats to External Validity• Generalizable Conditions- I think that this can be a threat because the same
project can be duplicated and there may be different results. • Selection- Treatment Interaction- This is a major threat because my subjects are
not random. They are all in special Ed, in the same school same class and same grade. If the selection was more random I think the results would be more reliable.
• Specificity of Variables- I will try my hardest not to make this a threat and will try to make my variables operate as efficiently as possible.
• Experimenter Effects- I think this will be a threat because the participants may have prior knowledge about the food pyramid or what obesity is.
• Reactive Arrangements/ Participants Effects- I think this can be a threat because the children can lie on the post survey because of the placebo effect of because they feel the need to impress me and showed that they learned something.
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Pre-Intervention/Post Intervention Data
Weight Pre Intervention Weight Post Intervention
Student A 83 81
Student B 100 96
Student C 81 84
Student D 115 115
Student E 145 135
Student F 98 92
Student G 135 128
Mean 108.1428571 104.4285714
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Weight Before And After Intervention
Student A
Student B
Student C
Student D
Student E
Student F
Student G
Mean
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Weight Pre Intervention Weight Post Intervention
Students
Weight
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Pre-Intervention/Post Intervention Data
Test Grade Pre Intervention Test Grade Post Intervention
Student A 55 85
Student B 61 72
Student C 78 81
Student D 33 65
Student E 52 97
Student F 87 88
Student G 49 46
Mean 59.28571429 76.28571429
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Test Grades on the Food Pyramid Before and After Intervention
Student A
Student B
Student C
Student D
Student E
Student F
Student G
Mean
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Test Grade Pre Interven-tionTest Grade Post Interven-tion
Students
Test Scores
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Intervention vs. Playing in Gym
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Number of Children Playing in Gym
Num
ber o
f Chi
ldre
n Re
ceiv
ing
Inte
rven
-tio
n
Y=# of children receiving interven-tionX=# of children playing in gym
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Junk Food vs. Report Card Grades
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90123456789
10
Low Report Card Grades
Num
ber o
f Chi
ldre
n w
ho E
at Ju
nk
Food
Y=# of Children Who Eat Junk FoodX= Low Report Card Grades
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References
• O’Connor-Petruso, S. (2013). Descriptive Statistics Threats to Validity [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_50_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_829166_1%26url%3D