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IWSHM Stanford 2013
Activities on Standardization of SHM
Methodologies in Europe Helmut Wenzel
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IWSHM 2013
2
Aswan Bridge Jan. 2013
Standardization ?
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IWSHM 2013
IRIS Aging Formulation (CEN)
3
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IWSHM 2013
4
SHM Standardization Activities in Europe
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IWSHM 2013
SHM Standardization Activities in Europe
5
Free Copies
available !
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IWSHM 2013
Standardization Objectives
Why
What
Who
Where
When
How
6
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IWSHM 2013
Standardization
Why is it so difficult in “Civil”
No standard industrial applications
Almost every structure is a prototype
Wide uncertainties in materials
Big tolerances in properties
Major regional differences
7
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IWSHM 2013
Standardization Road Map
Who
All of us (all stakeholders) to reach wide
consensus
Global participation required
8
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IWSHM 2013
Standardization Road Map
Where
Everywhere
9
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IWSHM 2013
Standardization Road Map
When
Now!
First Stage 2 Years
Learn from Aerospace experience
10
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IWSHM 2013
Standardization Road Map
Why (Motivation)
To comply with Owners Procurement
Procedures
To comply with the demand of the
community
To create a basic framework for SHM
applications
11
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IWSHM 2013
Europe 12
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IWSHM 2013
Lue Turkey
13
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IWSHM 2013
Costa Rica 14
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IWSHM 2013
Taiwan
15
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IWSHM 2013
Bangkok, Inner Ring Road
Bangkok
16
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IWSHM 2013
Pag
e 17
China 17
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IWSHM 2013
High Speed Railways 18
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IWSHM 2013
High Speed Applications (330 km/h)
19
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IWSHM 2013
Offshore Structures 20
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IWSHM 2013
Standardization Road Map
What
Distinguish between the State of Science
and Technology and the daily practice
Issues where consensus has been
reached within the community
Everything that requires to be reproduced
and compared
21
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IWSHM 2013
System Reponse
(Monitoring)
22
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IWSHM 2013
Modelling and Identification
(Model based Observer)
23
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IWSHM 2013
Life Cycle Engineering
(Life Time and Costs)
24
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IWSHM 2013
Risk Model and Quantification
(Effect of Uncertainties)
25
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IWSHM 2013
26
Real Time Decision Support Performance
1
2
3
4
5
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IWSHM 2013 IRIS Summer Academy 2013
SHM in Action (IRIS Chapter 24)
Earthquake M=6.4 27.3.2013
27
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IWSHM 2013
Standardization Road Map
How
There are many best practice documents
already available (compare to ARP –
Aerospace Recommended Practice)
We have to reduce the scope to issues of
common interest and wide consensus
Connect to existing standards (ISO 31000)
28
Standardize Physics
Nationalise Politics
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IWSHM 2013
29
Best Practice Document ?
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IWSHM 2013
30
Existing Standards
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IWSHM 2013
31
Best Practice Document ?
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IWSHM 2013
Monitoring and Assessment
32
Currently translated
into Chinese
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IWSHM 2013
33
Existing Standards
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IWSHM 2013
Risk management principles, framework and
process
ISO 31000
34
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IWSHM 2013
35
RISK
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IWSHM 2013
= ×
RISK
QUANTIFICATION
Regional
Cluster
Individual
Specific
HA
ZA
RD
Regional
Cluster
Individual
Specific
RIS
K
Regional
Cluster
Individual
Specific VU
LN
ER
AB
ILIT
Y
Building
Taxonomy
Fragility
Manager
Resistance
Model
Visual Inspection
Model Update
Field Test
Results Ingenieurbefund
×
Regional
Cluster
Individual
Specific
EX
PO
SU
RE
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Consequences
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5 Vulnerability
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Hazard
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5 Vulnerability
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5 Vulnerability
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5 Vulnerability
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5 Vulnerability
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5 Vulnerability
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5 Vulnerability
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5 Vulnerability
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Hazard
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Hazard
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Hazard
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Hazard
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Hazard
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Hazard
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Hazard
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Hazard
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Consequences
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Consequences
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Consequences
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Consequences
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Consequences
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Consequences
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Consequences
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Consequences
RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK:
Elements and Uncertainties
36
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IWSHM 2013
37
Existing Standards
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IWSHM 2013
IRIS Aging Formulation (CEN)
38
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IWSHM 2013
39
Existing Standards
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IWSHM 2013
40
Existing Standards
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IWSHM 2013
41
Existing Standards
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IWSHM 2013
42
Existing Standards
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IWSHM 2013
Incorporation into the process of structural evaluation based on codes/standards
Calculational LIMIT STATES
of
LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY (ULS)
Sd ≤ Rd
OR SERVICEABILITY (SLS) Eurocode
ONR
Recalculation with up-dated structural
information
Bridge Inspection
Possible Impairment of Load-Bearing Capacity
Recalculation Semi-probabilistic Safety Concept
Complied with Verification according
to ÖNORM B 4xxx and ÖNORM EN 19xx
Proper Measures
Evaluation of Reliability
acc. to ÖNORM EN 1990
Complied with Verification according
to ÖNORM B 4xxx and ÖNORM EN 19xx
Proper Measures
Proper Measures
Complied with Reliability Level acc. to ÖNORM and EN
Full Awareness of reduced Reliability
Sta
ge 1
S
tag
e 2
S
tag
e 3
S
tag
e 4
Immediate Measures
MONITORING
Provision of
REAL LOADING
or RESISTANCE
Sd ≤ Rd
43
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IWSHM 2013
Proposed Procedure
Let’s build an international core group of
decisive members
Make a priority of issues for international
standardisation
Find a group of engaged young
collaborators for elaboration of the text
Standardize it in a CEN Workshop and
relate it to national activities
If accepted transfer it to ISO
44
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IWSHM 2013
Issues for Standardization
1. Definition of the colour scheme for risk
rating (simple and complex)
2. Compensation of environmental and
loading influences on monitoring field data
3. Procedure for fatigue life monitoring and
assessment
4. Format for data exchange and meta data,
joint multi lingual glossary
45
4 Issues to start with
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IWSHM 2013
Inspection Result International Comparison
Comparative Structural Inspection
D.O.T. DISK DIN 1076 RVS 13.03.11
safe and operational
(minor repair)
safe and operational
unsafe
reduced safety and operability
repair demanded
safe and useable during repair
safe − indicating reduced
operability
USA Netherlands Germany Austria
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1,0 - 1,4
3,5 - 4,0
3,0 - 3,4
2,5 - 2,9
2,0 - 2,4
1,5 - 1,9
1
6
5
4
3
2
1
6
5
4
3
2
Japan Condition
A
E
D
C
B
46
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IWSHM 2013
47
RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK:
Risk Quantification #2
» Complex Risk Index
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IWSHM 2013
SHM Standardization Activities in Europe
48
Free Copies
available !
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IWSHM 2013
Compensation basics in frequency analysis
» Temperature
» Moving loads
» Wind
» Impact energy
» Instrumentation
» Boundary conditions
» Geometry
» Pavement
» Utilities
» Natural sources
» Transfers
» Damage
0 ,total i
i factors
f f f
or
49
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IWSHM 2013
1st Eigenfrequency Basing Point Europabrücke 18_03_2004
Pre-assumed consequence of temperature-compensation to the eigenfrequency pattern
f1 [Hz] T [°C]
50
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IWSHM 2013
Asphalt Covering - characteristic curve
14000
350
1000
2750
5000
9500
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
-15 -5 5 15 25 35 45
Temp [°C]
Ed
yn
[N
/mm
2]
Flexural rigidity
00:00:00
02:00:00
04:00:00
06:00:00
08:00:00
10:00:00
12:00:00
14:00:00
16:00:00
18:00:00
20:00:00
22:00:00
00:00:00
02000400060008000
Pattern of the asphalt layer‘s flexural rigidity in dependence of temperature
Edyn [N/mm2
]
51
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IWSHM 2013
1. Eigenfrequency
00:00:00
02:00:00
04:00:00
06:00:00
08:00:00
10:00:00
12:00:00
14:00:00
16:00:00
18:00:00
20:00:00
22:00:00
00:00:00
0,710 0,720 0,730 0,740 0,750 0,760 0,770
modified 1. Eigenfrequency
00:00:00
02:00:00
04:00:00
06:00:00
08:00:00
10:00:00
12:00:00
14:00:00
16:00:00
18:00:00
20:00:00
22:00:00
00:00:00
0,710 0,720 0,730 0,740 0,750 0,760 0,770
f1 [Hz]
Pattern of 1st Eigenfrequency before and after compensation of temperature
Root-Value of the Moment of Inertia
00:00:00
02:00:00
04:00:00
06:00:00
08:00:00
10:00:00
12:00:00
14:00:00
16:00:00
18:00:00
20:00:00
22:00:00
00:00:00
29000292002940029600
I [cm4]
21
2
2
ii
m
EI
Lπ2
λf
f1 [Hz]
52
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IWSHM 2013
Pattern of the modified 1st eigenfrequency being strongly affected by the progression of freight traffic as well as the overall traffic
modified 1. Eigenfrequency
00:00:00
02:00:00
04:00:00
06:00:00
08:00:00
10:00:00
12:00:00
14:00:00
16:00:00
18:00:00
20:00:00
22:00:00
00:00:00
0,710 0,720 0,730 0,740 0,750 0,760 0,770
Heavy Freight traffic
00:00:00
02:00:00
04:00:00
06:00:00
08:00:00
10:00:00
12:00:00
14:00:00
16:00:00
18:00:00
20:00:00
22:00:00
00:00:00
0200400600800
trucks / h
Overall traffic
00:00:00
02:00:00
04:00:00
06:00:00
08:00:00
10:00:00
12:00:00
14:00:00
16:00:00
18:00:00
20:00:00
22:00:00
00:00:00
0100020003000
motor vehicles / h
53
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IWSHM 2013
Pattern of 1st Eigenfrequency after compensation of all major impacts
f1 [Hz]
Clear signs of damage
54
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IWSHM 2013
Rainflow Matrix Fatigue relevant response cycles at the analysed
structural detail
Damage Matrix Damage Quantification
(consumption of remaining response cycles)
Wöhler Curves considering statistical scatter
Fatigue Life Determination
Fortschreitender Ermüdungsschaden an den Torsionsverbänden
EUROPABRÜCKE
0
100
200
300
400
1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014
Betriebsdauer
[%
] d
er a
ufn
eh
mb
aren
Sch
win
gu
ng
szykle
n
Oberes KnotenblechUnteres Knoteblech100%
55
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IWSHM 2013
Funding
A CEN Workshop lasts 2 years maximum
and costs 40.000 US$ in fees
All partners shall carry their own costs for
participation and elaboration from national
funds
We have a project to support this activity
and could offer the organisation and lead
We should have a draft/final document
ready by the next IWSHM in 2015
56
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Vienna Consulting Engineers
Summary
| Civil SHM fell behind other sectors
| The community is too fragmented
| Standards could help to break through
| Volunteers welcome !!!!
| Join our lunch meeting (here in Memorial Auditorium)
and become a member of the team
Let’s do it !