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Innovative Modelling Techniques
& Operational Improvements Henk Bester, Managing Director Rail
Christelle du Toit, Simulation Engineer
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Introduction
Agenda
• Background
• The Problem
• The Solution
–Data Analysis & Simulation
• Operational Improvements
• Rail Operation Philosophy
• The Before and After
• Important Points to Take Home
Operational improvements to increase capacity
Innovative modelling to test rail operation philosophy
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The End Result
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Volume
40%
Performance
Increase
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Road to End Result
Challenge the way people think
Rail but one element of bigger system
Sustainable actions
Do not compromise safety
Minor infrastructure changes
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Impact of thorough data analysis
Simulation as debottlenecking tool
Simulation to drive performance
initiatives
Benefits of
run-when-ready
Key Concepts
Specific Takeaways From This
Presentation
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Background
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MINE
MAINLINE
Shiploaders
Transhipment
Train
Loading
Train
Dumpers
TERMINAL
Stackers
Reclaimer
FEL
200 km
Dedicated
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The Problem
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Forecast export
volumes not being
achieved
Cash flow
constraints
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The Solution
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Data Capturing
Re-design
Identify
Gather
Improve
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Data Analysis
• Scatter
• Inconsistent operations
• Breakdowns
• Dumper congestion
• Dumper 1 can only service light wagons
• Long waiting times
• Low stockyard utilisation
• 50% simultaneous loading
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Simulation Study
Mine (G2) • Production profile
• Train loading
• Rail yard interface
Rail Line (RTC) • Operation
• Train config
• Infrastructure
• Rolling stock
• Maintenance
• Rail system
performance
Port & Marine (G2) • Rail yard
• Train offloading
• Stockpiling
• Reclaiming
• Shiploading
• Berth occupancy
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Simulation Study
Gather Info
Develop Validate Scenarios Results
De-bottlenecking
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Findings
Bottleneck
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Findings
Simultaneous
Use
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Findings
Additional
Conveyor
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Operational Improvement
Rail
Port
Effective
stockyard
utilisation
Predictable
performance
Isolate
disruptions
Operate
consistently
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Operational Improvement
Planned
maintenance
Reduce
turnaround time
Seasonal
constraints Plan ahead
Sustainable
targets
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Operational Improvement
Train splitting
Rolling stock maintenance
Pre departure activities
Long and short
trains
Minor structural
upgrades
Yard
process
Revise &
minimise
Choose
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Minor Infrastructure Improvement
Minor layout changes
Simultaneous entry
Loop extension
Re-design
of chutes
Priority from
data
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Rail Operation Philosophy
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SLOT SYSTEM
READY
RUN-WHEN-READY
• Fixed schedule
• Fixed departure
• Less coordination
• Wait for slot
• No schedule
• Depart when ready
• Active coordination
• No waiting
vs
Compare Philosophies
Train loading + main line crossings + train offloading + port interface
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The Simulation Challenge
Train Loading
Train Unloading
Terminal
Shiploading
Transhipment
Mainline
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“DON’T RUN AWAY
FROM CHALLENGES
RUN OVER THEM”
~Nike
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Innovative Modelling Screenshot of model train diagram
Screenshot of train animation
Train Crossings
Maintenance
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Configuring the Slot System
Train Diagram
Good Timing
Short Delay
Long Delay
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No Slot Offset
12:00
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No Slot Offset
12:15
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No Slot Offset
12:30
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No Slot Offset
12:45
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No Slot Offset
13:00
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No Slot Offset
13:15
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No Slot Offset
13:30
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Slot Offset
12:00
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Slot Offset
12:15
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Slot Offset
12:30
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Slot Offset
12:45
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Slot Offset
13:00
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Slot Offset
13:15
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Slot Offset
13:30
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Optimising the Slot Offset
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Run-When-Ready vs. Slot System
8%
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Run-When-Ready vs. Slot System
Increase in waiting
for slot time
Decrease in queuing
and crossing delays
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The Before and After
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$75
$85
$95
$105
$115
$125
$135
$145
$155
$165
$175
Gross Income
Average (Jan - Oct)
Average (Nov - Apr)
Iron ore price (62% benchmark)
Gross Income Increase
Project
Start
Average
Insufficient supply of
OGVs
28 day month
Average
Sales increased by $20.2M per month on
average from November
Note: Prices for
Iron Ore have fallen
and price of freight
have risen
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Before
Project
Start
Scatter
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After
Project
Start
Scatter
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Before
Project
Start Scatter
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After
Project
Start Scatter
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Dump Rate Investigation
No correlation
Yard equipment destination
Grades being offloaded
Night or day shift
Number of routes
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Dump Rate Investigation
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Before
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After
Less
Scatter
GLR
+500t/h
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Impact of Scatter
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Impact of Scatter
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Impact of Scatter
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Impact of Scatter
+15%
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Important Points to Take
Home
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Proper data analysis is key
Strive for consistency
Identify bottlenecks using simulation
Set sustainable targets for operators
Do preventative maintenance
Focus on operational improvement first
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Run-when-ready can have significant benefits on a dedicated rail line
Each operation is unique. The rail operations philosophy should be determined
through analysis and testing
Dynamic simulation is a good tool to uncover inefficiencies and test operational
philosophies before implementation
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For more
information,
please visit
www.hatch.ca