![Page 1: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Herbicide Control ofLygodium microphyllum
Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken LangelandUniversity of Florida, Department of Agronomy
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants
EISS 2007
![Page 2: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Recommended Herbicides
![Page 4: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Site Dependent• Wet (water present)
1) Glyphosate
2) Triclopyr
• Dry (no water present)
1) Metsulfuron methyl
2) Imazapic
NOTES:1) Refer to label prior to herbicide application
2) Use 0.5% non-ionic surfactant (v/v) with all herbicides and mixtures
![Page 5: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
RATES
Ground Aerial
High Volume Low Volume
Glyphosate 1-3% product 3.75-7.5 pt / 20 gal
Triclopyr 1-2% product N/A
Imazapic 0.75-1.5 % product N/A
Metsulfuron 2 oz / 100 gal 2 oz / 20 gal
![Page 6: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Tank Mixes
• Combinations of:
1) Glyphosate
2) Metsulfuron methyl
3) Triclopyr 4) Imazapic
![Page 7: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Tank Mixes
• For heavy infestations, tank mixes should not exceed 4% total products.
• For light to medium infestations, tank mixes should not exceed 2% total products.
• Need to take into account ca. density of native plants at treatment site.
![Page 8: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Rotation and Tank Mixes of Herbicides
Resistance prevention
MetsulfuronImazapicImazapyrImazamox
MetsulfuronImazapicImazapyrImazamox
GlyphosateGlyphosate
TriclopyrTriclopyr
![Page 9: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Non-Target Damage• Expect non-target damage
- Depends on Lygodium density
• Native ferns
• Rare plants
![Page 10: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
InitialTreatment
Follow-up Treatments
![Page 11: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cut or not cut?• Poodle-cut / Spray • No poodle-cut / Spray
![Page 12: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Monitoring / Re-treatment
1. Re-growth occurs quickly following treatment
2. Treated sites need to be re-visited every 6 months (minimum)
3. Treat all re-growth
![Page 13: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Average Treatment Cost / Ha
$400 $600 $800 $1000 $1200 $1400
Cut andSpray
(Rodeo)
Aerial(Rodeo)
Aerial(Escort)
Ground Treatments(ca. $1600+)
or $630/acre
Aerial Treatments(ca. $185)or $73/acre
$1600$200$100
![Page 14: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Research
![Page 15: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Cut/S
pra
y
Basa
l
Folia
r 25%
Folia
r 50%
Folia
r 100%
Cut/S
pra
y
Basa
l
Folia
r 25%
Folia
r 50%
Folia
r 100%
Cut/S
pra
y
Basa
l
Folia
r 25%
Folia
r 50%
Folia
r 100%
Glyphosate Mesulfuron Triclopyr
Herbicide and Treatment
% T
ran
slo
cate
d
Rhiozomes
Bottom 50%
Top 50%
14C Herbicide Translocation Results
**
** ****
**
**
![Page 16: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Metsulfuron
methyl
Triclopyr
![Page 17: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Greenhouse Herbicide ScreeningDry Weight Biomass (post-treatment)
Herbicide Dry Weight (g)
Glyphosate 0.13
Metsulfuron methyl 0.61
Imazapyr 4.07
Imazapic 3.58
Quinclorac 8.01
Penoxsulam 7.71
Imazamox 10.37
Triclopyr 0.00
Control 9.68
![Page 18: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Herbicide Rate (kg a.e.) Dry Weight (g)
Imazamox 0.06 2.27
0.12 0.35
0.24 0.03
0.48 0.01
Fluroxypyr 5.25 6.34
10.5 8.63
21.0 3.51
42.0 1.00
Aminopyralid 0.015 2.09
0.03 5.35
0.06 0.48
0.12 3.84
Dry Weight Biomass
![Page 19: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Herbicide
% ChangeL. microphyllum
% ChangeNative Plants
% ChangeSpecies Richness
Glyphosate 2% - 84.1 - 56.9 + 2.8
Metsulfuron 2 oz - 74.6 - 31.6 + 2.5
Triclopyr 2% - 91.5 - 31.4 - 5.1
Imazapic 1.5% - 82.8 - 71.5 - 48.5
Metsulfuron +
Glyphosate
- 89.1 - 53.8 - 27.3
Metsulfuron +
Triclopyr
- 91.5 - 43.6 - 24.3
Glyphosate +
Imazapic
- 92.4 - 55.3 - 30.1
Field Trial Results (6 months)
![Page 20: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Aerial Application - Loxahatchee NWRLygodium microphyllum
Pre-treatment 1 Year Post Trt
Treatment Mean S.E. Mean S.E. % Change
Escort 2 oz 67.33 4.40 0.38 0.14 - 99.44
Escort 4 oz 59.46 2.62 1.47 0.48 - 97.53
Rodeo 3.75 pt. 66.50 3.64 7.00 1.62 - 89.47
Rodeo 7.50 pt. 69.72 2.35 8.07 1.31 - 88.43
Control 46.01 5.14 56.97 4.79 + 23.82
![Page 21: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Swamp fern
Cinnamon fern
Virginia chain fern Royal fern
Wild grape
Green brier
Escort
(2 oz)
Pre 22.4 1.1 0.4 0.8 8.6 10.4
1 Yr 1.5 0.1 <0.1 0.0 21.2 0.9
% Change -93.5 -90.2 -94.8 -100.0 +147.4 -91.7
Escort
(4 oz)
Pre 26.3 0.7 0.5 1.3 9.3 14.4
1 Yr 3.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 23.0 0.5
% Change -88.4 -45.1 -44.3 -77.3 +148.5 -96.5
Glyphos
(3.75 pt)
Pre 32.7 0.8 0.2 1.8 11.1 19.0
1 Yr 6.3 2.9 2.4 0.4 12.8 0.5
% Change -80.6 +280.5 +1523.3 -78.2 +15.0 -97.6
Glyphos
(7.5 pt)
Pre 25.8 1.1 0.8 1.8 10.8 14.1
1 Yr 2.3 4.3 2.4 0.4 22.1 0.3
% Change -90.9 +291.9 +183.0 -80.7 +105.8 -98.2
Control
Pre 33.3 1.3 1.8 0.4 7.2 12.0
1 Yr 38.3 9.5 0.2 0.9 2.6 4.9
% Change +15.0 +635.7 -88.1 +112.6 -63.8 -56.5
Ground Cover
![Page 22: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
% Survival
Swamp bay
Dahoon holly
Wax myrtle Myrsine
Metsulfuron (2 oz) 80.8 82.4 71.2 6.7
Metsulfuron (4 oz) 89.7 79.1 80.5 0.0
Glyphosate 3.75 pt 54.0 85.4 32.0 100.0
Glyphosate 7.5 pt 24.5 52.2 20.8 66.7
Control 100.0 100.0 70.4 100.0
Shrubs / Trees
![Page 23: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conclusions
1. Herbicides (glyphosate, metsulfuron methyl, triclopyr, and imazapic) are effective
2. Tank mixes of these herbicides are acceptable, but lower rates should be used in areas of lower infestations
3. Non-target damage will be unavoidable
4. Regardless of the herbicide or herbicides used, re-treatment will likely be required
![Page 24: Herbicide Control of Lygodium microphyllum Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken Langeland University of Florida, Department of Agronomy Center for Aquatic and Invasive](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649cf75503460f949c7c06/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
QuestionQuestionss