Herding the CatsManaging Diverse
Collections of Video Data
Panel Discussion: Michael Crane; Steve Surfaro; Michael Chiocca; & Steve Surfaro
Chicago Police Department
Digital Forensic Initiative
Michael Chiocca
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The Chicago Police Department, Bureau of Patrol, along with the University of Chicago Urban Crime Lab, have made investments in technology in an effort to increase the overall clearance rate, with a priority on homicides.
The majority of this new Technology will be hosted at
Strategic Decision Support Centers (SDSC)
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Strategic Decision Support Centers (SDSC) Patrol Based Response
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SDSC
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Citigraf
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How do we investigate?
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The Chicago Police Department, Bureau of Detectives, along with the University of Chicago Urban Crime Lab, have made investments in technology in an effort to increase the overall clearance rate, with a priority on homicides.
This new Technology will be hosted at
AREA TECHNOLOGY CENTERS
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•Area Technology Center, a physical space where forensically trained practitioners have access to innovative technology in order to expeditiously process various types of digital evidence.
•Area Technology Center personnel respond to active violent crime scenes as well as serve a technological resource for the Area detectives.
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Area South “Video Room”
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Area South Area
Technology Center
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Area North Area
Technology Center
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Located at Each Detective Area HQ
• 4 Tech Teams • Each consisting of:
• 1 Detective
• 3 Patrol Officers
• 1 Civilian Analyst assigned to each ATC
• 2 teams on Days
• 2 teams on Afternoons
• Respond to all Homicide and Violent Crime scenes with Detectives to recover digital evidence
• Serve as a Area HQ support unit
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CapabilityProcess CCTV Evidence• Drag and drop – plays most CCTV
videos• Produces smaller clips• Exports Video as “Play anywhere”• Ability to produce a narrative report
with a playable video embedded in PDF.
• At Area Technology Centers• Also At EACH Police District !
• Alternatives:• DME Resources ($ Sub)• Amped Replay• SiriView• Salient Systems Video Focus
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Specialized Forensic Clarification Software Only at Area Technology
Centers
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FIVE from Amped Software Frame Averaging
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Plate entered into Genetec READS
Alternative: Photoshop / Video Cleaner*
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Recover DVR data from damaged / locked DVR systems
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Produce condensed crime videos
• Charging
• Condensed videos for Department Viewing
• Social media suspect identification
• Posted on an internal Video Database and external social media
• Production at ATC’s, Major Accidents, Financial Crimes or EVERY District.
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https://chicagopolice.org/crime-video-archives/
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• Turned themselves in• Proceeds returned
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• Suspect lived 200+ Miles away in another state.
• Video was instrumental in pointing investigators as to his identification.
• Corroborated with other evidence.
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Recent events
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Enter and promote a private CCTV owners database with GPS Locations
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Video Analytics• Search hours /days in seconds for
objects.• Objects by type /subtype, color, size,
direction, loiter, gender, backpack, handheld, speed, height, etc.
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Department Training• In House industry experts.
• Area Technology Center Personnel.
• 40 Hours initial training.
• District Technology Officers.
• 24 Hours initial training.
• New software rollout.
• 4-8 Hours of basic familiarization training.
• Vendor based training.
• At least twice a year.
• At least 8 hours per session.
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Bureau of Detectives Special Order• Establishes Area Technology Centers
• Provides definitions and guidelines
• Provides procedures and responsibilities
• Establishes baseline technical procedures
• Introduces new forms to be used to document ATC functions
Bureau of Detectives Standard Operating Procedures• In progress
• National Guidelines • Leading Forensic Labs
• Leading Forensic Organizations (SWGDE, LEVA, NIST, VQIPS, IACP, etc)Bureau of Detectives Operating Manuals
• Step by Step guide for new users / refresher
• Some programs are perishable skills.
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About Presenter
Mr. Zoufal has held a series of high level public sector safety and security posts including
Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Security for the City of Chicago’s Department of
Aviation, where he supervised security operations at O’Hare and Midway International
Airports.
Mr. Zoufal also served as Special Assistant to the Director of Illinois Emergency
Management Agency/Acting Homeland Security Director for the State of Illinois; and as
First Deputy (second in command) for the City of Chicago’s Office of Emergency
Management and Communications (OEMC), the agency of City government primarily
responsible for homeland security planning and response.
Additionally, he served as General counsel to the Chicago Police Department and Chief
Legal Counsel for the Illinois Department of Corrections. He has a Master’s Degree in
Security Studies focused on Homeland Security from the Naval Postgraduate School and
currently is a member of the Leadership Team for the DHS sponsored Video Quality in
Public Safety Project.
Donald R. Zoufal, C.P.P., ICAO AVSEC PM, J.D., M.A. Homeland Security, M.A. Public Administration
VIDEO ANALYTICS
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Analytics
Biometrics
Definition of Biometrics
(National Institute of Science and Technology)
“Biometrics is the measurement of physiological characteristics like – but not limited to – fingerprint, iris patterns, or facial features that can be used to identify an individual.”
Common Uses of Biometrics
• Secure Facilities
• Secure Networks Access
• Counter Fraud
• Border Screening
• Fight Crime
Source : National Institute of Science and Technology. Information Technology Laboratory“ ITL Biometrics Overview.” cited at http://www.nist.gov/itl/biometrics/ (accessed August 16, 2016)
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Analytics
Biometrics
FBI Next Generation Identification (NGI)
• System to replace IAFIS (the integration system for biometrics and criminal histories)
• AFIS modified to AFIT (more accurate algorithms)
• Facial Recognition
• Iris Pilot
• Latent and Palm Prints
• Rap Back & RISC
Source of Image: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Official Website. “ Net Generation Identification (NGI).” cited at https://www.fbi.gov/services/cjis/fingerprints-and-other-biometrics/ngi(accessed August 16, 2016)
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Analytics– Biometrics/Facial Recognition
Facial Recognition Software Helps Capture Chicago Bank Robber
Source of Image: Chicago Tribune. “Facial Recognition Software Used To Bust Rush Street Bank Robber, Feds Say.” June 10, 2016 cited at https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20160610/gold-coast/facial-recognition-software-used-bust-rush-street-bank-robber-feds-say(accessed August 16, 2016)
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A Tale of Two Cities
Chicago• Well Developed Citywide Camera
Network—Federated system of over 35,000 /Including
• All City departments (Police Aviation Transportation)
• Sister Agencies (CTA, CHA, CPS)
• Private Entities (Willis Tower, Boeing, etc.)
• Deployment of multi-sensor platforms (cameras, audio, Computer Aided Dispatch, GPS)—Strategic Decision Centers
• Active use by CPD of facial recognition for forensic purposes.
• Illinois Biometric Privacy Act http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=3004&ChapterID=57
San Francisco• On Line Camera Registration Portal
https://sfdistrictattorney.org/register-your-camera
• Over 3,200 registered Cameras including
• Police Cameras (high crime areas)
• Private Cameras
• Red Light Cameras
• Prohibition on use of facial recognition and limits on surveillance technology. https://sfgov.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=7234793&GUID=D39ECAB5-16FB-4636-9C70-A54DFD83C90E
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Analytics– License Plate Recognition
• Fixed
• Mobile
• Temporary
• A range of viewing/storage options
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Analytics– License Plate Recognition
State Legislation
• NCSL reports as of April 2018 fourteen states have legislation on use of license plate recognition technology
• Growing civil liberties concerns expressed by groups like the ACLU
• Focus on storage, use and sharing
Source: American Civil Liberties Union. “You Are Being Tracked: How License Plate Readers Are Being Used to Record Americans’ Movements.” July 2013 cited at https://www.aclu.org/feature/you-are-being-tracked (accessed August 16, 2016)
LEGAL ISSUES
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IMPORTANCE OF A COMPASS
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THE VIDEO DATA COMPASS
PURPOSE
PRIVACYSECURITY
TRANSPARENCY
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Growing Concerns over Privacy in Data Compilations—Key U.S Supreme Court Privacy Cases
• Whelan v. Roe, 429 U.S. 589 (1977).
• Department of Justice v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, 489 U.S. 749 (1989).
• City of Ontario v. Quon, 560 U.S. 746 (2010).
• United States v. Jones, 565 U S. 400 (2012).
• Riley v. California573 U. S. ___, 2014 U.S. LEXIS 4497 (2014).
• Carpenter v. United States, ___ U. S. __, 2018 U.S. LEXIS 3844 (2018).
THE PATH FORWARD
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IACP Technology Framework
1. Specification of Use
2. Policies and Procedures
3. Privacy and Data Quality
4. Data Minimization and Limitation
5. Performance Evaluation
6. Transparency and Notice
7. Security
8. Data Retention, Access and Use
9. Auditing and Accountability
http://www.theiacp.org/Portals/0/documents/pdfs/IACP%20Technology%20Policy%20Framework%20January%202014%20Final.pdf
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Resources
Two Important Developments
▪ Policy Considerations for the Use of Video in Public Safety
▪ Educates end users.
▪ Provides a framework of considerations for policy.
▪ Affords independent support for policy formulation.
▪ Video Analytics in Public Safety (VAPS)
https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Policy_Con
siderations_for_the_Use_of_Video_in_Public_Safety_Final_v5.pdf
Questions?
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Contact Us
Donald R. Zoufal, C.P.P., ICAO AVSEC PM,J.D., M.A. Homeland Security, M.A. Public Administration
Independent Safety and Security Industry Consultant
SDI Presence [email protected]
CrowZnest Consulting, [email protected]
LecturerUniversity of Chicago