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DI KID K
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L Y UC LBU L
This edt on f st pb i shed n eat B ita i nn 003 by ing indesey Lmted
0 tand London C LPeng n op (U )
F i st pub shed n eat B ta n bygo's Langage Books Limted 0
0 3 00 033 ept/
Copyight© 0 003 ing ndesey Lmited ights eseved o pat of ths pb cation may be
e podced stoed n a etieva system o tan sm ttedn any fom o by any means e ectonic mechanica
photocopyn g ecod ng o othewse wthot the p io
wtten pemission of the copyight owne
C P cataog e ecod fo th s book s avai ab e fomthe B t sh L ibay.
B - -03- 03
go eman n Thee onths is a so avai ab e na pack with thee Cs B 03 -
00 0 ept/
tten by
Lecte n emanchoo of opean Cte and Langages
U n vesty of ent at Canteb y
Pinted and bond by ta ght eveopment ntenatona Ltd
iscove moe atwwwd
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H Gmn n Th Mnh ha been written for u bSigri artin whoe experience in teaching her native
tongue range from beginner to potgrauate levelShe ha rawn on thi expertie to prouce a imple etcompete coure for tuent aiming to acquire a goo
working knowlege of the anguage in a hort time
an who will probabl be tuing alone at home
The book begin with an explanation of Germanpronunciation a far a thi i poible without going too
eepl into all the nuance an varing ound involve
f ou are working without a teacher ou houl fin
that our tem of imitate pronunciation' implifiematter conierabl Uing the book together with our
CD (allowing ou to hear the German text at the ame
time that ou rea it) i an ideal combination givinganother imenion to the coure
The ret of the coure i ivie into 3 part each ofwhich houl take roughl a week to complete t haalwa been a principle of the ugo metho to teach
onl what i real eential for a firm grap of practicaluptoate German the ection contain thoe rule
of grammar tht will be of mot ue in thi repectContruction are clearl explaine an the order in
whih everthing i preente take into conierationthe nee for rapi progre Week concentrate onpronunciation Week 3 inclue exercie an
converation later in the coure ou will move onto he ue of iiom an colloquiaim necear f or a
thorough grap of converational German The reaing
paage following Week 3 provie an introuction to
written German to prepare ou for reaing Germanbook an magazine Anwer to the exercie an a
ful vocabular lit appear at the back of the book
eall ou houl pen about an hour a a on our
work ( lightl le mabe if ou o not have the CD )although there i no haranfat rule on thi Do a
much a ou feel capable of oing if ou have no pecial
aptitue for languageearning there i no point in
REAE
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forcing ourelf beon our ail capacit to aimilate
new material. t i muc better to learn a little at a time
an to learn that toroughl.
When tuing eac week' leon firt rea eac
numbere ection carefull an rerea it to enure
tat ou have full unertoo te grammar ten
work trough an following exercie() a te occur
b writing own te anwer. Ceck tee b referring
to te ke at the back of te book if ou ave mae
too man mitake go back over te intruction beforeattempting te ame quetion again. Te converational
exercie an converation oul be rea alou an
teir contruction carefull note. f ou ave te CDou oul liten to thee at the ame time a ou rea.Liten alo to te poken German of eac exercie bot
before ou complete te written work an again a
ou check te anwer. After ou ave litene to te
converation an rea tem alou ee ow cloel ou
can imitate te voice on te recoring t i bet to keepour own rnning lit of new wor ti wa ou will
remember them better.
Wen ou tink ou ave complete a ection
atifactoril ( alternativel jut before our ai l tu
perio i over) go back over wat ou ave recentlone to enure tat it i firml committe to memor.
When te coure i complete ou houl ave a ver
goo unertaning of te language more tan
ufficient for general olia or buine purpoe an
enoug to lea quickl into an examination llabu if
ti i our eventual aim.
f time allow ou can experiment wit what ou haveleare an conoliate our learning b tackling te
paage in te Reaing Practice ection mot of wich
are tpical example of popular journalim. ac paagefocue on te n ew material covere b two chapter
an houl onl be attempte after tee have been
complete. Do not make a written nglih tranlationbut at mot take a few note an from tee attempt
4 G E R M AN I N H R E E M O N H S
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to retell the content (to ourelf to a teacher or toomeone l earning with ou ) to check that ou have
grape an can conve the ene of the paage Anvocabular not f oun in the Germannglih Mini
ictionar which cover onl the leon themelve
i given below the paage concerne
We hope ou will enjo Hg Gmn n Th Mnhan we wih ou ucce with our tuie f ouwoul like to continue tuing German our Avance
German Coure will evelop an exten our fluenc
in both poken an written German an contain reaing
paage from authentic ource livel exercie vocabularlit an eential grammar note
WThe author woul like to thank epeciall her huban
John Martin for man ear Director of the ntiuteof Language an Linguitic in the Univerit of
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\ee
1
9
Speakig GermanThe alphabet and speling
Spelling and prounciation
Vowels
Consoants
The hiatus or stop
Stressed sylables
Punctuation
\k
2
2
Word endings and word order
Greetings, everyday phrases
'the' and gender
Plural of 'the'
Plural of nous
Exercises and vocabulary
\
3
32
'the' ad case
Pronouns ' me, we, us', etcUseful verbs: 'to be',
'to have' and 'to make'
Exercises, vocabulary &conversation
\k
4
'a/an' and gender
Numbers
Prices
The indirect object case
Verbs usin the indirect object
case
Exercises, vocabulary &conversation
9
6 G E R M AN I N H R E E M O N H S
\ee
5
Asking questios
Negative sentenceslnstructions and requests
Adjectives and adverbs
Exercises, vocabulary &coversatio
\k 6
Prepositos; in, by, of, etcThe expression 'es gibt'
('there is/there are')
Exercises, vocabuary &conversation
\k
7
67
76
Words foowng the same patternas 'der', 'die', 'das'
My, your, his, her, etc
Adjectives before ouns
Ordinal numbers, fractions
Conversatio between f riends
Word order
Exercises, vocabulary &conversation
k
8
More on word order
Auxiliary verbs: will, can, must,
may, etc
Using auxiliary verbs
Conversation
Measuremets and quantities
The expressions 'es ist' and
'es sind' ('there is/are')
Verbs expressing location
How to say 'put'
More about prepositios
Exercises and vocabulary
9
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_V . e �
_ 7
Ve
e 1
2
79
More about der die dasVerbs the present tense
rregular verbs
The pre-present
The ge_(e)t form
Time expressions seasons
months dates time of day etc
The expression nicht wahr?
Exercises vocabuary &
conversaton
More on the past tenseVerbs that change stem in the
past tense
The pre-past ' had been)The oblique past tense
The conditional if sentences
More about the obverse process
Affective words
Exercises vocabulary &
conversation
_V
e
l
e
�-=133
Ve
e
13
199
The possessor case
Prepostons taking the
possessor case
lrregular mascuine nouns
Using Type verbsZu plus the infntive
Expressing purpose
More useful expressons
he obverse process (passve)
More on the pre-present
lntroducng the past tense
Exercises vocabulary &
conversaton
Vee 1
uantifiers and identifers
Makng adjectives into
nouns
Aached sentences
Joiners affecting word orderReflexive pronouns
Reflexive verbs
Exercses vocabuary &conversaton
5 5
Translating the Engish -ing form
(by dong in spite of doing)
Line-of-thought pointers
Conversation between intmates
Atached sentences with two
-en forms
mpersonal expressions
he oblque present tense
Reported speech
Word order in reported speech
Enclosed atached sentences
Exercses vocabulay &
conversation
O N N S 7
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R e a di
ng pr
actie
223e y
to
e x
e rc
i
s e s
246
Hier geht es um die Wurst
London auf die SchneleWein ist im Kommen
Versteigerung bei der ufthansa
Leistungstest für deutsche
Schulen
Jede vierte Deutsche ist
Allergiker
Die Sucht nach dem Handy
Edbeeren: hoher
GesundheitswertGrößeres Drogen-Risiko
Reizende Leute
Was Männer abtönt
Autoklau nahm deutich ab
Unruhestand: jeder elfte
Rentner geht zur Arbeit
Tükei diskriminiert Deutsche
8 G E R M AN I N H R E E M O N H S
Mi d cti onary
25GermanEnglish
Index
2 7 1
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the German alphabet and spellingpronunciation and its relation to the written language
the hiatus or stopwhere the stress falls in German wordsGerman use of punctuation
SPAKI G G RMA
thogh thee ae a few sonds in eman which wi be
nfam i a to yo as a nat ve speake of n g is h on thewhoe ng is h speakes f nd e man easie to pono ncethan Fench. nce the ma in th i ng is to be nd estooddon't woy if yo ponncation s ess than pefect tocoect t keep stenng and pacts ng pat ica y withthe Cs whch ae an optiona exta to this cose.me concepts ntodced hee w seem stange atf i st bt as yo wok tho gh the co se they w become fam ia. Yo w f nd it wothwhie to efe backto ee k at feq en t nteva s fo pactice a nd evis on .
TH APHABT A D S P I G
The eman aphabet contains a the ettes of the
n g sh a pha bet. n add it ion th ee of the vowe ettesappea i n the fom ä/Ä ö/Ö /Ü which epesentent ey diffeent so nds fom the sa me ettes withotthe ' m at ' symbo { above.
2 ote that dob e ss mst be wien ß {which nevesta ts a wd and occs ony as a sma ete) when thepeceding sond s ethe a ng vowe (see secton )
o a vowe combinaton (see secton )
Kuss bfss bbass b
ad
GrußFßfraßFeißStraußäußern
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nons not jst names begin with capita ettesTh e ponon Sie the foma wd fo yo (see section
) a nd e ated wods (e .g . hr yo ) a ways begin withcapita s . n the othe hand the f i st peson s ingaponon ( I ) stats with a sma ette ich
4 ee ae the ettes of the a phabet with thei namesgiven in o imitated ponnciat ion which is expa ined inthe fo owing sect ions These ae the na mes sed whenspe i ng ot wods.
A ah J ot eB beh I kah T teh teh L e 00D eh M em V fowE eh N en vehF ef oh X ikG geh peh illon
H hah Q koo z tet ee R e
SP I G A D PRO U CIATIO
Thee is a geate consistency between spe ing andponnciat ion in eman than in ng ish . owevesome ettes ae pono n ced diffeenty fom th e sam eettes in ng ish and some ettes appea in nfami iacombi nations so we need to mention th ese befoe ookin gat th e so nd s of e ma n i n deta i . Ty to say each of theexam p es in th i s sect ion an d i n sect ions an d a od pefeaby with t he a i d of the Cs .
ote that no ng ish meanings ae given fo theexa mes i n thi s fi st wee k of the co se. e wa nt yoto concentate on the sonds of the wods so esist thetemptation to woy abot mea ni ng fo the mom ent.
The fo owing ettes ae pononced diffeenty fomthei ng i sh co ntepats o ae sbject to diffeent es of pon nciat ion depe nd ing on th ei posit ion
G R M A N I N H R M O N H S
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mitatedpon nciat ion
b [b] [p]d [] [t]g [g] [k]
[] []
c
[]
q
s [] [z]
t the stat of wods and syabespononced as in ng ish . t the endof wods and sy abes (standing eithea on e o in a c ste of consona nts ofwh ich they may not be the ast) theseees UT be pononced as p tand k (o h espectivey this meansthat habt hymes with klappt that
wrd sonds exacty the same as Wrt,Rad ike Rat that Erdöl is spokenErt-öl and that folg cod sond ikeVolk Kreg ike krech ( thesewods acta y exist and some aetheefoe homophones wods spetdiffeent y bt sonding a ike . )
s sed constant y in the combinat ionsh and ck bt is aey fond on its ownexcept in foeign wods
s a m ost a ways spoken as ng is h atthe stat of a wd (yet yonde) thsJunge Jammer
s a ways as in ng ish in combinat ionwith u bt the combinat ion is spokend iffeenty ike ng ish + v i n ap idsccess ion ths
quer Quatsch Qualtät
Like the ng ish i t is pononced in
two diffeent ways ike the i n s i ts and its and ike the z sond in bsy andis. oweve distibtion of the twotypes of s in eman is exacty oppositeto that in ng ish . heeas in ng i shthe s-sonding occs at the stat ofwods (an d sy ab es) an d the zson di ng is sa y fond at the end eman s
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is aways pononced ike z at the statof wods (except in the combinations sp
and st see beow) and ike at the e ndof wods and sy ab es
i ke z:sein Symbo Absicht (Absicht)Fürsorge (Fürlsorge) Rose (Rose)Riese (Rielse)
ike Gast ängst Wespe (eslpe) Muster(Muster) meins meines (meilnes)
ods containing both sondssüß seins seines (seilnes) dieses(dielses)
[h] s i n the combinations sp and st at thestat of wods and sy abes ispononced ike ng ish h Speck spät spüen gespannt(gespannt) Stamm sterbenStrecke steigen erstaunt(erstaunt) verstimmt (verstimmt)
Anstand (Anlstand)th [t] s neve ike th in ' th is ' o ' th ing' bt
pononced s impy as t/ Fond on y inwods of foeig n oi g i n fo exampeApotheke Hypothek ThymianThese
tion [tiohn] Fond ony in the many ' impoted'wods ending in -tion ths Station Aktion Funktion adition
v [f] s a most a ways i ke ng i sh f i n ' f om' Vater von Verag bevor
12 G E R M A N I N H R E E M O N H S
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w [v]
y [ue]
z [t]
s ike ng ish v i n vey' fo exampe:was Wein Weg Wirt
s not ike the ng ish in e ithe yet 'o vey' bt is pononced ike theeman (shot) vowe ü (see section ),t h s : System sympatisch
s N V ike the ng ish z as i nhazad' bt ike t + s spoken in apid
sccession a most s i m taneosyofen with no moe than a tace of the tometh i ng s im i a is fond i n the sa ng ish ponnciat ion of the nameozat' thogh z can aso stat a wdwhee the sond seems vey odd tospeakes of ng ish :Zeit zu Zinsen Zange Zornzusammen beizeiten inzwischen(inlzwischen) Weizen (weilzen)Schnauze (Schnaulze) KonzertWinzer Geiz Sitz Franz HozHarz Lenz
The appea ance of consonants in nfam i ia gops
o in nfami ia p aces in wods can make a wienfoeig n a ng age d iff ic t fo the eye to g asp Thefo owing comb in ations conta in on y sonds that then g ish speake ca n eas i y pono nce so it is we wothwhi e get ing sed to seei ng the combi nat ionsas bocks' fo which the ight ponnciat ion is eadyto hand
dsch [j]
gd [kt]
Li ke the j i n jmp' ite ae and onysed fo some foeign wods
Dschunge Dschihad Dschunke
Pononced kt i ke the e nd of f i cked ' ae bt the f ist exampe given ismch sedJagd Magd
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hd h(t)hm(t) hn(t)
hr(t) ht
ng
g noe the h which meey shows thatthe peceding vowe s pononced ng(see secton ) im a y gnoe
hbetween vowe s, except n compo ndsFehde Meh wäht ahm rahmtkühn wohnt wahr ehrt weht;sehen ruhen BUT Seehafen(Seelhafen) beihatig (beilhatig)
Thee s no g sond in th s combnat on
wh en it occs betwee n vowe s, so caeis needed wth wods ikeAnger Finger Hunger
pf Ths can come at the beg nn n g o end ofwods and sy a b es; + f ae spoken napd sccesson, a most s m taneos y,ofen wth no moe than a tace of the
Pfei Pferd Pfund Dampferimpfen Kupfer Sumpf Krampfgimpfich
sch sch sch is ke sh n 'sh t ', 'wsh h e schschm shn can stat o en d wods and sy a bes,shr schw combnat ons with the fthe consonant
ette can ony stat them
tsch [h]
tz ts
Schande Rausch Schampeschmezen Schnauze Schraubeschwitzen
Ths s i ke (t)ch n 'chap , 'mch' ,'match' t is fond ess at the stat than n the m dd e o at the en d of wodstschüs Tscheche Matsch futsch
Deutschand Rutsch
Ths on y occs in th e m dde o at theend of wods t s ke the ts n 'gets, o ke eman zpötzich patzen sitzen Fritz Gesetz
14 G R M A N I N H R E E M O N H S
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zw tsv Th s s ike t + s + v spoken n ap idsccesson and occs ony at the stat
of wods and sy ab es Zwang, bezwingen (belzwingen),Zwerg, zwei, inzwischen(inzwischen), Zweck .
VOW S A D VOW C OM B I ATI O S
Thogh thee ae ony eight vowe ettes in eman (thefve of the ng sh ap habet p s ä ö, ü thee aepotentia y in pactce vowe sonds becase eachvowe ete has two pon nciations a ng an d a shot on et s vta to note and podce this d ist inct on a s theongshot contast s accompaned by a dfeence in thenate of the son d The spe n g s sometimes a n a d to
knowin g whethe a vowe s ng o sho t
vowe s ng if the vowe ette is dobed Beet, Saat, Bootthe vowe ette s fo owed by h:Bahn, Huhn, Lohnthe vowe i s foowed by e:fies, mies, Grießthe vowe ette is fo owed by ß:Maß, boß, Muße, Füße, Böße, Maße
vowe is shot ifthe vowe ette is fo owed by a dobed consonantette o by ck:Hütte, Affe, Zweck
the vowe ete s fo owed by ss:bass, Ross, mussthe vowe ette is foowed by ng:Rang, jung, ging
the fo ow ng vowe de sc ipt ons i n tems of ng shson ds ae of co se on y app oxmat ons a nd nos bstitte fo gen in e mode s of ponnc iation negenea thogh impessonst c g de ine to hep yo to
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knw what t a at n the vwes s a geate tensenessand ene gy than wth thse f n g sh
vd at a csts substttng n g s h vwe g des wheethe nate f the vwe sund changes pgessvey (as nstanda d suthen ng sh ane' a nd he') f any fthe ean sngesund vwes t s f ths easn thatwe se nthen ng sh vwes as benchaks especa yf the ean ng vwe s the n ng sh vwe s ten dt have e f a snge-snd quaty than d thse f
standad sthen ng sh
Vwes
long a [ah] Lng a as the vwe n nthen ng shfathe ' ba n'
short a [ah] ht a as n nthen ng sh fat' tack'
Bahn/Bann Kahn/kannWahn/wann kam/Kammmahn/Mann Saat/satt
long e [eh] Lng e as the vwe n nthen ng sh ane' dape'
short e [e] ht e as n standad suthen ng shget cept' Beet/Bett wen/wenn den/dennheh/he feh/Fe geh/ge
long ie) [ee] Lng ie) as the vwe n nthenng sh keen' ean'
short i i] ht i as n standad suthen ng shft' c p '
long o
ihm/im schief /Schiff Sti/stirief /Riff siech/sich mies/miss
[oh] L ng o as the vwel n nthen ng s hhe' bne'
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shart o [] ht o as n standad suthen ng sh'shat', 'c rap '.
Hof/hoff, Ofen/offen, wohne/Wonne,Wohe/Woe
ng u [] Lng u as the vwe i n nthen ng ish' mn' 'd m '
shrt u [] ht u as the vwe in standadsuthen ng sh 'put' 'ft'
Pute/Putte, Ruhm/Rum,Kruke/Krucke, Mus/muss
lng ä [] Lng ä s i m i a t nthen ng sh vwen ' an e' bt me pen in the di ect inf the vwe n standad sthenng sh ' eg '
shrt ä e ht ä exacty ike sht eman ekäme/Kämme, stähe/Stäe,Pfähe/Fäe, wähe/Wäe
lng ö e F ng ö say ema n ng whi eundng and ptudng the ips
shrt ö e F sht ö say e ma n sh t e whi e undng and potdng the ps Bth aes m i a t the t ig ht p sed vwe fFench 'euf'Höhe/Höe, Föße/fösse
lng ü [ue F ng ü say eman ng i(e) wh eund ng a nd ptd i ng the ips
shrt ü [ue] F sht ü say eman sht i whi eu nd ng an d ptdng the ips Bth aesm a t the t ight pused vwe nFench 't' 'ne' Wüste/wüsste, Hüte/Hütte,fühen/füen, führst/Fürst
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2 Vowe combinations o g des
Vowe combnations ae aways pononced ng thee g ides esembe sonds fom standad sothenng sh bt they w sond mch moe eman if yomove yo tonge (and jaw) moe damatca y than fothe matchng ng sh sonds.
ai/ei [ m a to the standad sothen ng shg de n b be g ide
Hain Mai Kai weiß Keid weich.
au [ow im i a to the standad sothen ng sh
äu/eu
(c )
[
g de n cow moth Raum Zaun Mau Haus HautRaub.
[o m a to the standad sothen ng sh
g ide in vo d ann oy häuft äuft Säume deutet freutneun.
U nstessed sy ab es conta n in g e o er
U nstessed sy abes contain ing thevowe ete e eqe a sond sim a to
that n ng sh popy etve anemne atday bt with a tacemoe of the shot e descbed aboveBfund Gricht waagrechtHiferuf.
The same sond is eqed if the e endsa wd; the f ina sond of ng sh neve
weate s not qte ght becase thejaw dops fthe est ing n a sondcose to nstessed e Hif wech Meng ihr.
18 G R M AN I N R M O N H S
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[]
ch the sam e sond i s eqi ed if the eis fo owed by a consonant (othe than r
Ha�nbad Spieg�ei Dank�sbriefdeutet.
Unstessed sy ab es conta in ing theettes er eq i e a so nd si mi a tothat in standad sothen ng ish ht ' ,c tch the r is T pononced in th is
pa t i c a contextWiederkehr KinderwagenMesserkante besser heer ihrer
The same sond ony engthened iseq ied if the er is foowed by n gainthe r is not pononcedgestern Brüdern andernfas
kentern
Th e dist inction between e and er between en and erni s essentia , s ince ndestanding coecty and beingcoecty nde stood depe nd on it . The fo owi ng pai sshow the contastEhe/eher Feste/fester Sibe/Siber Güte/Güter
Lehren/Lehrern wischen/WischernWäschen/Wäschern
COSOATS
Yo saw in section 3 that most of the consonants aestaightfowad fo the ng ishspeaking eane. The ony
thee consonants that pesent any diff icty ae h and r
h thogh a ways sin g the sa me etes,this has two adica y diffeent vesionsne ithe fond in ng i sh
( i ) [h fte e ei eu i ie ä äu ü and afecons ona nts The best way to achieve the
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sond eqied s to whspe veyfocef y wods ike 'go' 'hman' and
then to se th e n ta son d of the h foeman hBech, Reich, Seuche, mich, riechen,Bäche, Bäuche, Küche, Storch,Doch, durch.
The same sond s sed in theecommon wods of foegn o gn
Chemie, China, Chirurg, and at thestat of the dmntve endng -en( ' tt e ' ) no matte what pecedesMädchen, Riemchen, Häuschen,Küsschen, Gäschen, Frauchen.
t s a so a comm on p on nciat on of the
consonant ee g ethe a one o wthothe consonants when at the e nd ofa wd o sy abe fo owng any of thevowe an d voweg de so nds stedabove t s th s an a tenat ve to theponncat ion of sch 's as 's (seesection 3)wichtig, grantig, Predigt, iegst,
Zweig, gütig
ii [] fte a, au, o, uTh s s s m a to the cott ishpon nci aton of h n ' och' ' Pt och y'and s made by tensng the back of theth oat whi e foci ng pe nty of beaththogh t
auch, Bach, Suche, Loch, brauchen,Sucht, machen
The same sond s aso a vey commonponncaton of the consonant ette e ithe a on e o with othe consonantswhen at the en d of a wd o sy ab efo owng any of the vowe and
2 G R M AN I N H R M O N S
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r
vowe-g de sonds sted above lt isths anothe a tenat ive to pon ncat on
of sch s as s (see secton 3)Zug wagt mag saugt kug fogSog fragt
ach ng sh speake has a ange ofponncat ons of accodng to itspost on n a wd and the so nds thatsond t eman howeve
whateve ts envonment s estcted toone type ony The cosest paa e s instandad sothen ng sh ae the sonds n c ean' eek' angage'(thogh even these ae not tota y ight)wheeas those n vat' fee ' ive' cvet' appe' ae vey dffeent fomthe eman sond Conseqent y t sthe eman in sch posit ions as thesethat needs the most cae and pactice:ieb eben ang aut eute; KippeKang Famme kug Fuct; godigazer äter abern ukg; beebtBrie Roe vög; fäig; Ese füvo wo Stah; wedet wät
Siber Feder Hem.
The r sond f pononced at a sbest made at the back of the thoat inthe same pace as h ii bt wth m chess beath foce. o r sond fond i nstandad sothen ng ish s ea ysatsfactoy
r m st be p onon ced as a con sona nt
a on e at the stat of a wd
Rand rund Rasen Rieseafe anothe consonant at the stat ofa wd
Frau grün Gras Gruß
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between vowe s o vowe g des i n them dd e of wods
Beere, Fähre, Karre, mürrisch,waren
r is not pononced as a consonant btmeey affects the pecedng vowesond often engthening t o tnng tnto a sot of vowe gde
a one at the e nd of a wd o sy a b e besser, woher, war, kar, Herr,Meer, mehr, fror, gar, wurde,warte, würdig Narr s a n exceptonneedn g the consonant sond) ;befoe anothe consonant at the endof a wd o sy ab e Schwert, Wurst, Herz, warnte,
horchte
HIAUS O TO
heeas n standa d sothen ng sh the wods n aphase o sentence n nto one anothe so that a wdbeginning wth a vowe appeas to boow the fna
consona nt of the pecedng wd as a b dge e mandoes not a ow ths ods begnnng wth a vowe haveto stat with the hats o stop . Ths s not diffct to do s mp y c ea yo thoat gent y n a whspe btt s dffct to se. t s eqed even wthin a wdwhe n the wd s a com pon d of two o moe wodso contains a pefx befoe a vowe . The stop s a soeqed to sepaate a vowe endng fom a vowe
beg nn ng Fo exampe mach * aus, im * Auge, hau * ab, Vor*arbeiter, miss*achten, ge*einigt, im * Ofen, würde * ich * auch
Compae the ponncat on of hau * ab with the ng show ae yo? and Vor*arbeiter with fo ages
22 G R M AN I N R M O N S
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STRSSD SYABS
ffectve speech depends on copyng the speechhythms and tnes of the phases and sentences of aangage oweve as fa as ndivda wods aeconcened in eman the stess sa y fa s on the fstsy ab e thogh thee ae many exceptons ne e iab ee is that wheeas a n g s h wods sta t ng with n 'a e nstessed on that f st sy abe sch wods in
eman have stess on the un-:ngückich nerfahren nfreundich ngedudig
eman ceates many compond wods ot of sma ewod n ts n these cases the stess s on the stessedsy abe of the f st wodnt :krideweiß Pttenspieer BrenetuiStudntenwohneim kreidelweiß Pattenspieer
Brien fetui Studentenwon fheim
ost of the exceptons to f istsy ab e stess ae e the wods of foegn ogn o wods containng specf ca ynstessed fst sy ab es o pefxes (see section )
foeign wods
kontroeren teefoneren Maschne Paktoffizi
nstessed pefxesbelsprchen misslbruchen verrten gelngen
„erröten
oweve some shot wods in feqent se ae aso
exceptons wh e comb nat ons wth da- and wo- (seeweek sect on 0 and week , section 3) ae sa ynot stessed on the da- o wojedch sogr damt daz danben worufinzwschen
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n o mtated ponnciat o n t he stessed sy ab e saways pnted in bod type. ood dctonaes gve
e ab e nfomation abot stess and a so abot theength of vowes
PUCTUATIO
n some espects eman ses pnctaton n a moefo ma way than ng ish so t s not possbe to eate
commas to speech pases and mean ng as n thefo owng two exampes
My sister, who hates noise was sent to a hotel nextto a disco.The girl who rang yesterday was a friend of my sisters
n eman thee wo d have to be commas fo owngg ' and yesteday .
The pnctaton sed fo qoted speech s dffeent fomng ish sage (see week 3 sect on 0) a nd coon s aesed moe often to intodce shot nsets nto themdde of sentences fo exampe xcamaton maks aeaso sed moe feqent y than n ng sh
24 G E R M A N I N H R E E M O N S
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greetings and useful everyday phraseswrd order in a German sentence
how the wrd for the (der die das ) varies accordingto the gender of the noun it refers to and whether it issingular or pluralhow to form the plurals of nouns
WOR D D I GS A D WORD O RD R
ods that n ng sh neve vay ke the' ad 'a/an'and smpe nva abe suff xes ike adding s' o es' fothe pua ( dog/dogs' c ass/casses') have no sngeeqvaents n eman bt sets of eqvaents
2 The wd ode n a eman sentence s often dffeentfom the wd ode n ng is h can't f n d the key
because t's too dak' woud be can the key not fndbecause t too dak s' o The key can not f nd becauset too dak s ' n eman
These two feates mea n that yo have to th i n k dieentyto speak wte and nde stand ema n To he p youwe sepaate and 2 f i my estab sh ng the p ncip esbeh nd and then ntodcing 2 gadua y fom eek
G R TI G S A D VRYDAY PHRASS
l ove emany the most common geetng du ng thedayt me s Guten Tag! (o n the monng GutenMorgen! n the even ing peope say Guten Abend! nsouthen emany and st a Grüß Gott! s usua atany tme of day l these ae often accompanied by ahan dsh ake even wth i n the fam y
fte the geetn g on e peson wi often add Wie get's?o Wie get's Inen? ( ow ae you ?' ) to whch theesponse s usua y Danke gut o Gt danke osmpy Danke
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I M ITATD RO C IATO
-tn tahk; -tn mrgen; -t -bt; grues
got; vee gehts -nn; -k goot
Exercise 1
Practse saying the sentences in this diaogue unt i you
know them by heart
Two hardup customers at a refreshment kosk
KUNDE
Guten Tag!G ' B' h.. ?BESITZERIN uten iag. Ite C O KUND Zwei Coca-Cola nd ene Wrst mit
Brot, biteBESITZERIN Was? Sie wollen zwei Cola aber nur
eine Wurst?
KUNDE Ja das heißt, ja und nein Wie teuer
ist eine Wrst?
BESITZERIN Nur drei EuroKUNDE Na gut dann zwei Cola und zwemal
urst mt Brot
BESITZRIN Bitte schön Zehn Euro zusammen
KUNDE Danke schön Auf Wedersehe!
BSTZERIN Auf Wiedersehen!
t
CUSOMER Hello!
PROPRIETRESS Helo! Yes please ?
cusTOMER o Coca-Colas and one sausage wt
bread lease
PROPRITRESS Wat? You want two Coas bt only one
sausage?
cusTOMER Yes , mean yes an no How much is
a sausage?
PROPRIETRSS Only three euros
cusTOMER All righ, ten two Coas and two
sausages with bread
PROPRIETRSS Here you are Ten e uros al toge therCUSTOMER Thank you Goodbye!
PROPRIRSS Goodbye!
26 G R M AN I N H R M O N HS
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Exercise
Learn the ists of words in about ho use an d fa mi ysaying each word with 'de, 'die, or 'das in front of it
Then cover u p the ists an d say the ju m bed sequencei n giving each word the correct 'der, 'die, 'das, a n dcheck in g that you a so know the mea ni ng .
F i nay cover up as we and say the German words(preceded by 'der, 'die, or 'das) for the jumbed
Eng ish ist in (NOTE: We sha not use this type of exercise again, but
it i s o ne that you wi need to devise for yo rsef wit heach new set of words, week by week)
A
der)
Mann an/
husan
Vatr fatr
n sn
rur rthr
irt landlrd
Tisch tal
tul chair
chrank cuar
Flur hall
Hun d
B
f)
Frau
n as)
an/
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I M ITAT D PRO U CATIO
mah; tr; zoh; br dr; vit; tish; shtool;
shrahk; foo; hoot; frow; -t; t; shes-t;-tin; -; tue; -toog; oo; -s; kit;
�-; hows; -mr; -t; bet; s; -toh;
boo; -s
PURA OF 'TH
hen the noun s n the p a ( i e . efes to moe thanone) die s a ways used fo the ' egad ess of gen de :
Preise sind hochdie Farben sind dunke
Häuser sind at
rices are high
the colours are dark
houses are old
mmays n g a m. f .der die
n .das
p a m . f. n .die
I M ITATD PRO U CATIO
de; dee; dahs; dee
P U RA O F O U S
You have seen n sect on that thoug h the p a die ss mpe the no n tsef has no s ng e way of showng thepua . Yo mst theefoe ean each noun not ony wth
der die das but a so wth ts p a . Thee ae a fewoug h g de n es fo emegency use
Fe mn ne nouns usa y add -n o en to the s ngu a
Küche KüchenZeitung ZeitungenFrau Frauen
b Mutter MütterTochter TöchterWirtin Wirtinnen
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2 asc ne a nd n ete n ns ften add
-e Hund Hunde-en Bett Betten-er Kind Kinder
and any f these endings may be accmpanied by achange n the snd f the f wing vwes
-a- Mann Männer
-o- Sohn Söhne-u- Stuh Stühe-au- Haus Häuser
me masc n e and nete nns dn't change at a
Zimmer Zimmer
Messer Messer4 ith sme masc ne and nete nns the nychang e is n the vwe s nd wh ch i s cha nged byaddng an mat
Vater VäterBruder Brüder
5 me wds taken fm the a ng ages add -s
Auto Autos
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Exercise 3
A i sts the words you ea rned n Exe rcse but theyare now shown first with the pura abbreviaton used
in d ct ionar es* and then in the fu p ura form Learn
these, then cover up A and try to say the puras of a
the ju mb ed s ngu a r words in B
A ann (·er) änner ra (-en) raen
Vater ( ·) Väter tter ( ·) ütter
Sohn (·e) Söhne Tochter (·) Töchter
Brder (·) Brüder Schwester (n) Schwestern
Wirt (-e) Wirte Wirtin (nen) Wirtinnen
Tisch (-e) Tische
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the important principle of case in the German languagemore about the German word for the
the pronouns and me we and us etcthe present tense of to be (sein) and to have(haben)the present tense of verbs which follow a regular pattern
'TH A D CAS
Yo have seen that the choice of der die o das saffected by gen de (m /f/n )2 n mbe (s ng a/p a )
The thd facto detemning the choice s case whchmeans th e f nct on of a non n the sentence Compae
Der und ist armos The dog is harmless.B Der Junge iebt den und The boy loves the dog.
n t s the dog that o do ometh ing wh e n Bit s the boy that o d o someth ng and the dog hasbecome the th ng ad by ths
The 'be-e ' o 'doe' is ca ed the 'sbject' of a sentenceand the thng diecty affected s the 'd i ect object' esha need to se these tems often so w se theabbevat ions U fo sbect and fo dect object
n der und s the sbject ( U ) n B der Jungethe sbect and den und is the dect obect
ote the change fom der to den This change eqedwhen a m non i s sed as nstead of U does notappy to s n g a f and n nons o to p a nons
s n g a m f n
u der die das den die das
2 G R M A N N H R M O N H S
p a m f n diedie
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P R O O U S : ' I , M , W, U S, YOU , TC
ase U
ase
st pe son nd 3d peson
ich1
rwe
mich unsme us
p rs.
Sie*you
Sie*you
er se es sehe she t they
hnhm
seher
esit
ethem
* xept when addessing h ld en fam ly fr ends andan ma ls (see set ions 3 and )
M ITATD PRO U CATO
deh; i; mi; vee; oos; zee; e; ee; zee; es; zee
US FU VR BS 'TO B, 'TO AV AD'TO MAK
n ode to make sentenes we need vebs (proesswods) as wel l as nouns a nd pronoun s Sein (to be) andhaen ( to have) are regu a vebs wh h mean s theydo not folow a set patten. oweve machen (to
make) s a mode fo al l standard eman verbs ereare the diffeent veb foms needed to fom the presenttense (e g . wok a m workin g do wok ) .
to be, sein
1 am
we areyou are
hey are
he isshe is
it is
ich inwir sindSie sindsie sind
er st se st
es st
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2 to have,
have we have
you have
they have he has she has
it has
to make,
make we make you make they make he makes
she makes
it makes
Vebs ae found i n a dit ion ay an d in the i n idit iona yi n the fom stem e .g Tomake the pesent tense of most vebs you simply takethe stem an d add these endings
st peson s i ngu l a st peson pua (we . nd peson s i ngu l a (you . . nd peson p ua l (you . ) 3d peson p u a ( they . ) 3d peson s i ngu l a (he e t
fo stems
end i ng i n d o
I M ITATD PRO U CIATIO
zy; bi; zit; ist; -b; -b; haht; -;
-; at; (x. 4) -b; -f; -;
-l; -f; -m; -; -k
4 G R M AN I N H R M O N H S
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Exercise 4 -
A Learn the foowing verbs and then transate the
sentences in B:
ieben to ovekaufen to buy
machen to make
hoen to fetch
rufen to ca
kommen
br ingen
tr inken
to come
to br ing
to dr i nk
B Transate into German
The father loves the adlady t is harmless e buys the newspaper She makes the bes
The aughter fetches the car She calls the cat an the og The cat ad the og come The lanlay brings water ather, lanlay, aughter, og an cat rink
the water
OCABUAY
Practise a the seteces i the coversatio that
folows uti you kow them by heart. These areew words
Entschudigung!
suchendie Touristeninformation
iegenam
der Theaterpatzwie?dahin
xcuse me
to look fortourist iformatio
officeto be (situated
i/o the
Theatre Squarehow
(to) there
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nich ·eicht
Moment magehenüber
die I
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I M ITATD PRO U CIATIO
et-shoo-di-gook; -k; dee too--t*i-fo-mah
tsioh; ee-g; ahm; de teh--t-lahts; vee;dah-; it; yt; moh- mahl; -; uedee kro-tsug; -t; dee shtrah ets; demahkt-lahts; -; dah; dee -e dahsgahst-hos; dee -z; -m; -sh; ys; tsvy;dy; f ee-t; -m g-ah-d*; fue; -vah;hoo-dt; de meh-t; fin fofoot -i; es maht its; oom; dee-z;dee tsyt; -vee-zoh; g-sho-s
COVRSATIO
An encounter in the steet
OURISIN Entscudigung! ich suche dieTouristeninformation
PASSAN Ja die iegt am Theaterpatz OURISIN Und wie komme ich dahin?
PASSAN Das ist nicht so eicht Moment ma Sie gehen ber die Kreuzung zweite Straßerechts über den Marktpatz Sie sehen
dann die Kirche und das Gasthaus ZurRose Sie nehmen die Straße zwischenGasthaus und Kirche dann eins zwei drei ja dann die vierte Straße rechtsdann immer geradeaus fr etwafnfhundert Meter Sie finden dann sofortden Theaterpatz
OURISIN
das ist furchtbar schwierig!PASSAN Es macht nichts die Touristeninformationist um iese Zeit sowieso geschossen
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RASATO
An encounte n the steet
TOURST xcuse me . . . m looking for the touristinformation office.
PASSER-BY Oh . . . thts i Theatre Square. TOURST nd how do get there
PASSERBY Thats not so easy . . . Just a moment . . . . You goover the crossroads, seco street o te right,
across the marketlace Youll then see thechurch and the Rose nn. You tke the street
betwee (the) in nd (the) church, then . . .one . . . two . . . hree . . . yes, then the f ourthstreet on the right, hen straigt ahead for boutfive hundred metres. Youll the find (the )Theatre Square immediately.
TRSO, thts terribly difficult!
PASERB t desnt matter, the iformation office is closeat tis time anyway.
8 G R M AN I N H R M O N H S
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the German words for aan and not aan: and how theyvary with the gender and case of the noun
numbers from ero to a millionhow to talk about years and pricesthe indirect object casesome verbs that are used with the indirect object case
'A A
era uses he sae wrd r a/a as i des fr e:ein he ein is used ea a/a (r e befres e . g . e cup ) has he wig ed igs
uD
f en ene en enen ene en
Used l ke h s ein has p u ra as s mea i g s s g la rby def i . s i g ish smeies he p lra u isused ale. her es he u s preceded by wrdsl ke einige ( se ) mehrere ( severa ) r ein paar ( aew) . These wrds are always ud i he sae frwhu chag g e d ig s .
Freundeir haben einige Freunde hier
mehrere Freundeein paar Freunde
ein has a para e kein whch eas a/ a r . . . . Ths aura y des have a plural (cf fr ieds)
s gu a r p u ra m . f. f .
u kein keine ein keineD keinen keine ein keine
hereas g sh we say r exampe have ayrie ds i e ra he expressi is ch habe keine
Freunde herefre kein s i csa use as he
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wig exapes shw (he phrases i brackes givehe l i era ea i gs)
Wir trinken ein BierWe don' drink beer (We drink no beer)Ich habe keine AhnungI haven' a cle ( have no ce/no idea)Kein Mensch gaubt so etwasNobody wold believe anyhing like ha (No person
believes sch a hing)
Sie hat Angst aber er hat keine AngstShe is afraid b he is not ( She has fear bt he has
no fear )Er hat keinen BerufHe isn' rained for anyhing (He has no
profession/rade)Wir sind keine Anfänger
We aren' beginners (We are no beginners )
ayig wha sees b is des ivve usigein aig wha sees b is o is usual ly dewih ncht ( ) :
De Mutter ist LehrerinThe moher is a eacher
Er ist nicht Zahnarzt er ist KinderarztHe's no a denis, he's a paediarician
4 G R M AN I N H R M O N HS
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Exercise 5_
Trans ate the fo owin g senten ces nto Germa n . You wi
need these new words
bauend ie Wohn u ng (en)
das Probem (e)
insta l ie ren
das Wassersystem (e)
die Eektr z ität
der Eektr iker ()
d ie Katastrophe (n)
to bui ldfat
probem
to insta l
water system
eectricty
eectr ic ian
catastrophe
They are bying a hose and making flats One fla hasnt got a kithen Thats a roblem and they are bilding a kithen One flat hasnt any water Thats also a roblem b the father is installing
a water system
One flat hasn go eetriity Thats no roblem The son is an eletriian One flat has a kithen, water, eletriiy, and
some uboards, but no windows
Thats not a robem, its a atastrohe
M TATD PRO U CATO
n; dee h nng dahs lehmin sah rn; dahs szesehm;
dee*elekrisi; de*erik,dee kahahsf
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UB
First learn to count from 0 to 0 Null is needed man lywhen c t ng decmals or readi ng out s ing l e d g i ts (assomet imes in te ephone nu mbers)
0 nul 6 sechs1
7 siebenens2
8 achtzwe
3 drei 9 neun
4 10 zehnver5 fünf
Now cou nt up to 0. lways stress the first syl ab le
11 elf12 zwölf
13 dreizehn14 vierzehn15 fünfzehn16 sechzehn (note that the -s of sechs disappears)17 siebzehn (note that the -en of sieben vanishes)18 achtzehn19 neunzehn20 zwanzig
Next count from to 30. Be carefu to stress the frstsy l ab le Note that the unts precede the tens and arejoined to them by und
21 einundzwanzig22 zweiundzwanzig23 dreiundzwanzig24 vierundzwanzig25 fünfundzwanzig26 sechsundzwanzig (because th s means
sixandweny the -s of sechs has returned ! )27 siebenundzwanzig (the -en is back)28 achtundzwanzig29 neunundzwanzig
30 dreißg
42 G R M N I N H R E M O N H S
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Now count from 0 to 00 in tens.
0 zehn20 zwanzig30 dreißig40 vierzig50 fünfzig60 sechzig (note that the -s is lost aga n )70 siebzig (the -en of sieben is agan opped off)80 achtzig90 neunzig
00 hundert
Then earn the fo l lowing examples combn ng un ts andtens. Because you are saying isolated numbers, insteadof count ing i n seque nce, t he stress is a lways on thesecondto ast sy abl e
3 einunddreißig42 zweiundvierzig53 dreiundfünfzig64 vierundsechzig66 sechsundsechzig75 fünfundsiebzig77 siebenundsiebzig
86 sechsundachtzig97 siebenundneunzig
Beyond 00 a ny wrtten nu mber beow the m l ionsappears as one word There s hardy ever an und afterthe hundreds in erman and never n sequence countng.The units and tens appear in the reverse order to ng l ish ,with und in between owever long the number, an um ber spoken i n iso lat on has the stress on thenormal ly stressed syl abe of ts f ina component300 dreihndert 507 fünfhundertseben6 9 sechshundertneunundzwnzig
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Practise saying these examples
101 hunderteins, or less sally)einhunderteins212 zweihundertzwöf323 dreihundertdreiundzwanzig434 vierhundertvierunddreißig545 fünfhundertfünfundvierzig656 sechshundertsechsundfünfzig666 sechshundertsechsundsechzig
767 siebenhundertsiebenundsechzig777 siebenhundertsiebenundsiebzig878 achthundertachtundsiebzig989 neunhundertneunundachtzig
Now count in hundeds fom 00 to 000
100 (ein)hundert
200 zweihundert300 dreihundert400 vierhundert500 fünfhundert600 sechshundert700 siebenhundert800 achthundert
900 neunhundert1,000 tausend
mi l l ion is eine Milion (-en) so the f ig ue 5 723 926woul d be spoken : fünf Miionen siebenhundertdreiundzwanzigtausendneunhundertsechsundzwanzig. nu mbe of moe than fou f igu es is sepaated i nthousands by thin spaces, not by commas (eg 3)
N ote a lso (section ) that a comma is used fo thedeci ma po int in eman (e .g 3 0)
Yeas befoe 000 ae designated, as in ngl ish, us ingony hundreds, so 992 i s neunzehnhundertzweiundneunzig 2005 howeve, is zweitausendfünf Thel 920s i s die zwanziger Jahre he l 90s dieachtziger Jahre with the ending -er added on to the
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cadina l numbe Unl ke most endings this one nevechanges l l the numbes given hee can be used both in
count ing ( , , 3 etc) and as s in g le i tems in font ofnouns ffy pages fünfzig Seiten without any chan ge The sole exceptions ae any numbes ending in -einswhee the -s is dopped befoe a noun
The boo has 20 pages i s e i the Das Buch hat zweihundertundeine Seite.
orB Das Buch hat zweihundert(und)ein Seiten.
n the -ein i s g ven the f s i ngu la end i ng -e and thenoun is s ingu la in B the -ein is left without endi ng , th eund can be dopped as in seq uen ce count in g, a nd thenoun s p lua .
Cadina l numbes ae usua y fo l lowed by a p lua noun,but thee ae common exceptions, such as unts ofcuency (see section ) and of measuement (seesection 3)
M TAT D PRO U CATIO
nool yns svy ry fee fuenf zes -bn ahnoyn sehn elf svoelf -sehn fee fuenfsehn -sehn zeep sehn ahkt-sehn non-sehn-s *oon-svahn-s *oon-svah-s
drs fees fuenf-s ze-s zeep sahkt-s non-s hoon hoon -*ns-zn n m-l-
PRICS
The basic unit of eman cuency is the Euro ( m ) ,which is d iv ided into 00 Cent (m . ) Though oftenpeceded by cadi na l nu mbes, Euro and Cent ae hadlyeve foun d i n the p l ua l P ce tags ae usual y witten,
and the su ms spoken, as fol lows
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written€0,55
or 55 Cent
€,20
€4,85
spokenfünfundfünfzig Cent
ein Euro zwanzigeins zwanzig (equa l y common)ein Euro und zwanzig Cent
( less com mon)
vier Euro fünfundachtzig
vier fünfundachtzigvier Euro und fünfundachtzig
Cent
Price tags are sometimes more exp ic it for example:
wrten
Kio €4,80
Pfd €2,40
Stück €3,00
Stck €3,00
spoken and mean ng
vier Euro achtzig das Kio€4 0 per kilo
zwei Euro vierzig das Pfund€2. 40 per poud
( the erman pound = 00 grams)
das Stück drei Euro
or drei Euro das Stück€3.00 for oe item or eah
You ask how much things cost as fol lows:
Was
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Exercise 6 _ _
Ein Buch ostet €1 ,80 (zwölf Euro achtzig) .
Zwei Bücher osten €5,60 (ünundz wanzig
Euro sechzig) .
Now contin ue the pattern wi th the followi ng , writ in g
out the m iss in g sentences and g iv ing the pr ices i n
f igures and words:
2 E in Brot kostet €,50 (zwei Euro fünzig) .
Zwei . . .
Eine Wurst ostet € 1 , 50 (ein Euro fünfzig) .
Zwei . . . Eine Uhr ostet €85,00 (fünfundachtzig Euro) .
Zwei . . .
Eine Zeitung ostet € 1 , 7 5 (ein Euro
fünfundsiebzig) .
Zwei . . .
Ein Bett ostet €344,00 (dreihundert
vierundviertzig Euro) .Zwei . . .
Ein Scran os tet €505,00 (fünfundertünf
Euro) .
Zwei . . .
E in Messer ostet €3,60 (drei Euro sechzig) .
Zwei . . .
9 Eine Rose ostet € , 1 5 (zwei Euro fünzehn).Zwei . . .
Ein Auto ostet €18 000,00 (achtzehntausend
Euro) .
Zwei . . .
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TH IDIRCT OBJCT CAS
The ng ish sentence am ending h im it ' has not onebu t two objects it ' de notes the item d i rectly affected bythe process am end in g' an d is the di rect object, whi eh im ' denotes the recip ient or be nef ic iary of the verb, somay be cal led the indirect object n ng ish we arehardly aware of the as a case, since we either usewords l ike to' or for' to indicate a recipient, or just etthe n oun stand a l one
I am ledig him it
I am ledig it to my fried am ledig the book to my fried
am ledig my fried the book
erman speakers, however, have a stron g sen se of case,a nd the indirect object has a distinctive set of wordsfor the', (not) a/an', and no', as well as a separate set ofpronouns
(to/for) the, (not) a/an, no'
s i ngu a rm f. n
dem der dem
(l
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den(k)einen
dem(k)einem
die(k)eine
der(k)einer
das(k)ein
de(k)einem
diekeine
denkeinen
ummary of U, and cases for pronouns:
st pers . n d pers. 3rd pers.
p lura l s ingu la r p lura ls ng m . f . n u ich • Sie • •r er e es e mich Sie ihn • •uns e es e • Ihnen ihm ihr ihm ihnenmr uns
lt may help to note that, with der die das etc, (k)einand the ponouns, the m. and n . s i ngu lar case alwaysends with the lee m that the f. s in gula r case alwaysends with the letter r and that the p l ura l case of derdie das and kein along with the nd person and the3d person p lu a l pono ns, a l l e nd with the letters en
M TATD PROUCATO
de, yn, kyn; dehn, nn, -nn; dehm, -nm, knm; dee, -n, -n; de, -n, -n; dahs, yn,kyn; i, mi, mee; vee, oons; ee, -nn; e, een,eem; ee, ee; es, eem
V R BS U S G TH 10 CAS
pat from vebs l ike
bringengebenschenkenwünschen
to bring (someone something)
to give (someone something)
to give (someone something) as a present
to wish (someone something)
which may relate to both a direct obect and an indirectobject, em an has s ome vebs which, if they have a n
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object that s human requre ths to be a n ndrect object
For exampebegegnenhefengefallengaubenverzeihenraten
o mee (someoe)o help (someoe)o please ( someoe )o believe ( someoe)o f orgive ( someoe)o advise ( someoe)
IMTATD PROUCIATIO
bring; geh b; heng k; vuen-sh; bgehg;helf; gfah l; glowb; ft; rah
xecise 7 �
Rewrte the foowg seteces, substtut g thenous brackets fo r those that p recede the m a d
ma k g th e other cha ges eeded The words that
have to be chaged are
ch bringe tt (Vater) Zt (Buch)ch gebe in Jü (Flur)ch schenke t (Bruder) !tz(Hund) und wnsche einen guten Tag
VOCABUAY
Study he oversaion that follows util you kowal the setees (ad their meaig) by heart These
are ew wordsheute bend his eveigengeaden ivited ( ou)mannetten
de Dame (-n)rote
oe
1eladyred
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die
besttgut
weviee?solenach!verheratetveecht
neweso denn?bedeuten
gebe
defiielfie
how myshl is o, re o
oh
mried
perhpsever
wy is h
o me
yeloioNeke -n
btte schön!ve Spaß!
here you re youre elome
(hve) ie ime
I M ITAT D PRO U CIATIO
ho*ah ; g-ld; h; ; de . .dah; roh; shtmt; oo; vee-l zo - l; • h; f-rh feelt; ee vee de do; ge; dee nel; se; fe . shphs
CORSATO
A poblem of etiquette at the floist
NDE ch bn heute Abend engeaden. Wasschenkt man ener netten Dame?
BESITZERIN Moment bitte . . . . ch helfe hnen sofortRote Rosen gefalen hr bestmmt.
NDE We teuer snd rote Rosen?BESITZERIN Se kosten en Euro fünfzig das Stücl
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KUNDE Geben Se mr fnf Stück btte? . Ach ja,brnge ch hrem Mann auch etwas?
BESIZERIN Was! ? De Dame st verheratet! ! ?? RoteRosen gefaen hr veecht, aber hr Mannverzeht Ihnen ne, gauben Se mr.
KUNDE Weso denn?BESIZERIN Rote Rosen bedeuten Lebe. Ich rate Ihnen,
schenken Se hr gebe Neken . Btteschön . . . Ich wnsche Ihnen ve Spaß
heute abend!
RASAIO
CUSOER I am iited out this eeig. Wha does oegie a ie lady?
PROPRIERESS ust a momet please . . . I ll help you straight
away. ed roses will defiitey pleas er.CUSOER How mu are red roses?
POPRIETRESS hey ost oe euro fifty eah.CUSOER ie, ll tae roses.
PROPRIERESS How may is it to be? . . . fie . . se . .
ie?
CUSOER Will you gie me fie please? . . Oh yes, shall
I tae somethig for her husbad too?PROPRIETRESS What ? he lady is married ?? ed roses
will peraps please her, bu er usbad willeer forgie you, beliee me !
CUSOER Why is that?PROPRIERESS ed roses mea loe. adise you, gie her
yellow aratios . . . ere you are . . . . I wishyou a pleasa time this eeig
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how to ask questions and give instructionsques tion words such as who ? when ? and why?
using nicht (not) to make negative sentenceswrd order in instructions and requestssome common descriptive words (adjectives and adverbs)comparatives and superlatives (eg. o/d olde oldest)
ASKIG QUSTIOS
hen the an swe is expected to be ja ( yes') onein ( no ' )
To as k a queston equ ing a yes' o no' answe s implybegin with the veb and fo low i mmediate ly with the U
Ist er Eektriker?Is he a eetiia?
Kommt er heute?Is he omig today?Kommt er oft?oes he ome ofte?Hat sie Geschwister?as she got) ay) bothers ad sisters?Arbeiten sie?Ae they wog?
he n the a nswe is expected to be a piece ofnfomation
To ask a quest ion equi ing pat icu la infomation n thea nswe, sta t with the a pp opiate questio n wd
was?
wie?wo?wer?wen?wem?wann?warum?
wht?
how?whee?who?
whom)?who m) to/for?whe?why?
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Fol low thi s wth the verb t hen with the U except whenthe U is the quest ion word tself, a s i s sometimes the
case wth wer? a n d was? (e g quest ions marked withan aster sk below):
Was kosten die Kartoffeln?What do the potatoes ost?Was macht das?How muh s that?*Was kommt jetzt?
What s omg ow?Wie fahren Sie?How are you traellg .e. by what meas)?Wie heißt der Sohn?What s the sos ame? lteraly: How s the so alled?)Wo wohnt die Freundin?Where does the grlfred le?*Wer wohnt hier?Who les here?
Wer ist der Besitzer?Who s the propretor?
Wen kennt der Junge?Whom) does the boy ow?Wem bringt er die Blumen?Who m ) s he tag the flowers to?
Wann fahren wir?Whe are we traellg e. whe do we eae)?
This l ist of questonwords is not exhaustive.
I M TATD PRO U CATIO
st * e * e-lek tr-; omt * e -t; omt * e *
oft; haht zee ge-shis t; -by-t zee; ahs; ee; oh;e; eh; ehm; ah; ah; ahs -t deekah--fl; ahs maht dahs; ahs omt yetst; ee-r zee; ee hyst de zoh; oh oht deefroyn dn; e oht hee; e * st de b--s;eh et de yoong ehm brgt * e dee-m; ah -r ee
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OTS
l f the person you a re ask i ng does not know the
answer, a typcal response mght be
Ich weiß (es) nicht. 1 don know.
The use of nicht s expla i ned n section 3
uest ions n erman are oen used as a way ofma k ng pol ite requ ests They may take te same form asthe ng i sh ou d you ? (see section ) or be moredrect, in a form tat woud be considered rude in ngl s:
Geben Sie mir bitte die Zeitung?Wil you give me e paper, please(ieraly Are you giving me e paper, please)
Reichen Sie bitte den Zucker?Wil you pass e sugar, please
The phrase was für (ein)? means what sort of (a)? :
Was für en Auto haben Sie?Wa sor of (a) car do you have
Was für Blumen bringt er?Wha sor of fowers does e bringWas für einen Teppich sucht sie?Wha sor of (a) carpe is se looking forWas für ein Mensch ist er?Wa sor of a person is e
n was für ein? te ein as te same ending as i n teypothetical statement on wich the question is based:
Sie haben ein Auto. Was für ein Auto haben Sie?You ave a car Wa sor of a car do you have
Sie sucht einen Teppich. Was für einen Teppichsucht sie?Shes looking for a carpe Wha sor of a carpe is she
ooking f or
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IMITATD PROUCIATIO
vys * es ; geh zee mee - dee tsyoog
ry zee - den tsoo vas fue * * -ohah zee; vas fue boo g * e; vasfue * y te zoo zee; vas fue* yn mens * is * ; zee hah * yn * -o; vasfue * * -o hah zee; zee zook * yte vas fue * y te zook zee
Exercise 8
nsert the correct questionword from the coumn on
the r ight i n the fo owing questons
fü ei Ato hat er? kommt e? besht er?
wohnt die Frendin? ? st se h "ß ? e t se b ? e t er se
56 G E R M N I N H R E E M O N H S
Wen
Wer
Was
Wie
Warm
Wan
Wo
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GATIV STCS
ecton showed the wde use of kein to makenegatve sentences But kein can ony be used befoenouns and can only mean not a/an' o no' , neve notthe ' he e kein is not possble, nicht { not ' ) is used
nicht oen comes ate n the sentence, o even ast l tneve comes between the U and the veb, and t has noeffect on t he ve b
Er schwit nicht ier. He doesn always swim.Wir kennen sie noch nicht. We don know er yeEs funktioniert nicht gut. isn working wel.
The same p ncip e app ies to quest ions
Ist er nicht Elektriker? sn e an elecrician Kot er nicht heute? sn e coming odayomt er nicht oft? Doesn e come ofenWaru arbeiten sie nicht? Wy aren ey workingbHat sie keine Geschwister?Has se no broers or sisers Hasn se any broersor sisers
STRU CTIO S A D R U STS
To give a n ode o i nstuctio n, say the basi c fom of theveb, with its -en en di ng , an d fol low it d i ect ly with Sie
Koen Sie sofort! Come a once
This is less abupt tan the ngl ish equivaent and can betoned down futhe by addng bitte { p lease ' )
Geben Sie ir bitte die Zeitung!Give me e paper please
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N ote the dist inct ion between this sentence and theappaent y ident ica l quest ion sentence i n sect ion .
They ook the same but ae spoken diffeently.
The only iegula instuction fom is that fo the veb tobe' sein seien Sie! Fo example:
Seien Sie so nett und bringen Sie mir die Zeitung!Be s o kind and bring me e paper
VOCABUAR
bitte schön ? yes please der Führer (-) gideder Stadtfhrer (-) own guide
fragen o askder Chef (- s) boss, manager
suchen o look for
so etwas suc a ingsicher ceainlydrüben over heregucken o ave a loo
(pronounced
kuckendort hereverrückt crazyvon ofnatrich of coursebrauchen o needhier erekennen o know
die Stadt (e) own
M TATD PRO U CATO
- soen; de -r; de sa-fue-r, fra-gen;
de sef; zoon; zoh etvas; -bn;kn; do; f-; fon; na--li;
-n; hee, -nn; dee sa
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xercise
9
Tra nsate ths encou nter i nto Germa n On ly transate
what the speakers say You w need the new words inthe vocabuary opposite Correct your transation wththe hep of the Key, then ea rn the d aogu e by heart
A stranger (Freme) tries to by a town gie in a bookshop in Bnsenheim
ASSISTANT Yes please ?
STRANGR elo ave yo got a gie?
ASSISANT What sort of a gie?
STRANGER A town gie ASSISANT ont know Please ask the bossSTRANGER (to anager) Helo m looking for a town
gie Have yo got sch a thing?MANAGER Yes, certainy The town gies are over
there ave a ook there
Ten minutes later
STRANGR ts cray fi tow gies of Frankfrt ,
Gießen, arbrg, an
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djectives and advebs ae often peceded by wods thatqua l ify them
sehrzusoziemlichetwasnichtnicht so
gar nicht
very
oo
sofairly, raher, preyraher, somewa
no
no so
no a all
Der Chef ist gar nicht höflich.The boss sn polie.
Das Kind trinkt die Milch ziemlich schnell.Te cild drinks he milk prey quickly
I M ITATD PRO U CIATIOzeh; soo; zoh; -li; -vas; ni; ni zo;
gah ni
djectives and advebs shae the same methods ofmaking compa isons
Compaatives ( moe', less' , etc)
To make compaatves add -er to the basic adjective oadveb and, if you need than', use als
Das Wetter ist heute schlechter als gestern.The weaher is worse oday an yeserday
Das Kind singt schlecht, aber die Mutter singt
schlechter.The cild sings badly, bu he moher sings worse
ith some adjectives and advebs you also have tochange the sound of the vowe :
altarm
old
poorälter armer
6 G E R M AN N H R E E M O N H S
older
poorer
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groß big gröer ggerhart ard härter harder• • •ng young unger youngerkat cod
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oweve when a supelatve adjective pecedes thenoun (as n ngl ish t he f nest weathe ' ) , am is not used
and the en din g may be othe than -en (see secton ).
MTATD PROUCATIO
hl -; m -m; grhs -s; hh-; yoong -; khl ; klook
klue g; krahnk krengk; koos kue-s;lahng leng; of -; shvh -; shk
-k; va m, -m
Li ke n g ish e man has a few adjectves that don'tfo low the usual patten:
gutviel
hoch
good
much
high
bessermehr
höher
beer
more
high er
am besten
am mesten
am höchsten
bes
mos
highesnahe ne näher nerer am nächsten nees
4 To say as . . . as' eman uses so wie
Das Haus ist so klein wie ein Schuppenhe huse is s smll s shed
ch komme so schnell wie möglich'll come s quickly s possible
j ust as . . . as ' s ebenso wie
Das Schlafzimmer ist ebenso groß wie dasWohnzimmerhe bedroom is jus s big s he living room
Der Vetter singt ebenso schön wie die Kusinehe (mle) cousin sings jus s beuifully s he
(femle) cousin
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IM ITATD PROUCATO
goo be hm n; feel meh ahm mysn;
hoh hoe hm hoesn; nah n hmn; zoh vee; bnzoh vee
Exercise 10
i uttr ist alt abr min Vatr ist ältrNow compete the fo owing sentences i n th e same way
in Brr ist groß abr min Schwstr ist Di Frau ist jung abr i Wirtin ist Dr Sohn s klug abr i Tochtr ist Das Zimmr ist warm abr das Btt ist Di gb Nlk ist lag abr di rot Ros ist Di Fra ist ntt abr r ann ist
OC u wll ed hese new words o rnsle te ·
versos on pge 65 ino nglsh:
d Hausbestzern (-nen) house ownerds . his
das ohnzmmer (-) living room das Schafzimmer (-) bedroomder Mieter () ennder Fur (-e) hll
dunk(e)* drkde Straße (-n) sree
aut
nosy
egentch relly, ullyoben upsirshel ligh brigh
der Raum (e) room, spebestmt definielybret wideunten donsirs
de Decke (-n) eiling
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die
der
niedrig•
wnzg
gegenüberussicht (-en)wunderschönGarten ()liegennämlich
lowiny
opposiev1ew
glorious splendidgr den
o lieyou see (in
explnion)
hinten he bck rer
ruhig quievorn he fronnehen o keübrigens by he wy
der Monat ( -e) monhteu(e)r* der epensivejetzt now, presen
zahlen o py* he brckeed leer dsppers whennohersyllble like -er is dded o he djecive/dverb
I M ITAT D PRO U CIATO
dee -b- zi-s-rin; dees; dhs -si -m
dhs -si-m; de -; de foo;
doong -kl; dee -s; low; -gn-li; -bn;hel; de rowm; b-; bry; -n; dee -k;-dr; -s; geh-gen-b; dee -zi;-d-shoen; de gah -n; lee-gn; �-li;-n; -i; fo; -mn; ueb-ri-gns; deß-nh; -; yes; -ln
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COVRSATO
A huse owne shows thee vacant flats to apospective tenant
n the gound f oo f at :
HAUSBESITZERIN Diese Wohnung ist schön groß, zweiWohnzimer, vier Schlafzier, zweioiletten ....
MIETER Der Flur ist zu dunkel, und die Straßeist zielich laut. Diese Wohnung istir eigentlich zu groß. Ich brauchekeine vier Schlafzimer, eigentlich nurzwei .... Sind die Wohnungen obenkleiner?
HAUSBESITZERIN Ja. Sie sind auch etwas heller als diese.
n the f i st f oo f at at the font
HAUSBESITZERIN Diese Räume gefallen Ihnen bestimmt. . . nur ein Wohnzimmer, aber breiterund länger als das Wohnzimer unten.
MIETER Ja, schön, aber die Decke ist niedrigerals unten. Die drei Schlafzimmer sind
mir zu winzig, und es ist ebenso lauthier wie unten.
n th e f i st f oo f at at th e ea
HAUSBESITZERIN Diese Wohnung ist a schönsten.Hier sind nur zwei Schlafzimer.Sie sind aber etwas größer als die
Schlafzimer gegenüber. Die ussichtist wunderschön, der Garten liegtnälich hinten.
MIETER Ja, und diese Wohnung ist auch vielruhiger als die Wohnungen vorn. Ja,ich nehme sie . . . . Wie hoch ist übrigensdie Miete?
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HAUSBSRN Siebenhundertfünfzig Euro pro MonatMIER Was! ! ?? Nein, das ist mir zu teuer Das
ist vie mehr, as ich jetzt zahle.
TRASATO
n t he grou nd f loor f lat:
HOUSE OWNER his fl is beuifully spcious, wo living
ooms, fou beooms, wo oiles . . . . NAN he hll is oo k, n he see is he
noisy. his fl is elly oo lge fo me.
don' need fou bedooms, only wo elly
. . . . Ae he fs upsis smlleHOUSE OWNER Yes. hey'e somewh lighe hn his
one, oo.
n the f rst f oor f lat at the front:
HOUSE OWNR Youll efiniely like hese ooms . . only
one living oom, b wie nd lnge hn
he living oom ownsis. NAN Yes, fine, bu he ceiling is lowe hn
ownsis. he hee bedooms e oo
iny fo me, n i's jus s noisy he sdownsis.
n th e f i rst f loor f lat at the rear :
HOUSE OWNER his fl is he nices of ll. ee hee only wo bedooms. Bu hey'e somewh
lge hn he beooms opposie. he viewis gloious. he ge's e bck, you see.
NAN Yes, n his fl is quiee hn he fls
he fon o. Yes, 'll ke i . . . B y hewy, how much is he en
HOUSE OWNER Seven hune n fify euos monh. NAN h! ! o, h's oo e fo me . h's
much moe hn 'm pying now.
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N ote thee contracted foms fequently found whendas follows
durchs ( durch das) Fensterfürs (= für das) Theaterums (= um das) Feuer
hrough he window
for he here
round he fire
Preposition s fol lowed by the case
aus
bei
•mt
nach
•set
von
zu
ou of from
wih so ndso 's house ) ner insuchnd such condiions r weer) during in he process/ course of
wih
o cerin locions including one's ownhouse: nach Hause fer ime) ccording o
since for period of ime up o now)
from plce nd ime) by indicing gency
or uhorship) of possession )
o cerin ocions) eg home:
zu Hause
Note these contacted foms when dem fol lows:
beim (= bei dem) Gewitter
vom (= von dem) Dachzum (= zu dem) Arzt
and when der (f case) fol lows:
zur (= zu der) S eite
68 G E R M AN I N H R E E M O N H S
in/during hehunersorm
from he roof
o he docor
o he side side
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Preposit i ons fol lowed by eithe the o case
lf the context indicates a chang e of locat ion o r cond it ion,these preposit ions are fol lowed by the caseotherwise they ae fol lowed by the case.
an
auf
hinter
•n
neben
über
unter
vor
on o ( he side of);up o (he edge of)
on o (he op of hoionl surfce)
(o) behind
ino
(o) nex o (o)
longside
cross over (i .e.
from one side ohe oher) vi
(o) underneh (o)below under (from
one side o he oher)
(o) in fron of (o)
before
zwischen (o ) in eween
y on (he side
of non-horizonlsurfce) ; on (wih
dys nd des)
on (he op of horizonl surfce )
behind
in (spil nd
emporl houghyer numbers need
im Jahre eg . imJahre 2003 insidewihin
nex o longside
long wih
bove over (i .e onop of)
below undernehunder
in fron of before; (in
ps ime conexs) go
beween
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7
Note tese contracted forms wen das fol lows:
ans ( an das) Feueraufs ( auf das) Wasserins ( in das) Netzvors = vor das) Auto
and wen dem fo lows:
am = an dem) Montag
im = in dem) Schnee
up o he fieon o he we
ino he ne
in fon of he c
on Mondy
in he snow
Te fo ow ng sentences i l l strate te pr i ncp le nde r yngte selecton of or
Fritz geht an den Schrank, Liese steht am Schrank.Fiz goes o he wdobe Liese snds by he wdobe
Er egt die Zeitung auf den Schrank, sie iegt jetzt
auf dem Schrank.e ps (lys) he newsppe on he wdobe 's now(now lies) on he wdobe
Fritz springt hinter den Schrank, Liese ist schonhinter dem Schrank.Fiz jumps behind he wdobe Liese is ledy behind
he wdobe
Fritz geht jetzt in den Schrank, Liese singt imSchrankFiz now goes ino he wdobe Liese is singing in he
wdobe
Die Katze geht neben den Stuh, der und iegtschon neben dem Stuhl.he c goes nex o he chi he dog is ledy lying
nex o he chi
Die Katze springt über den Tisch, die Uhr hängtüber dem Tisch.he c jumps ove he ble he clock is hnging bovehe ble
Fritz kriecht unter den Tisch, die Zeitung liegtunter dem Tisch.iz ceeps unde he ble he newsppe is (lies)
unde he ble
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4 The prepost on bs can be used n two ways
h en expressng t me/nu mbers, t means u nt , u p to, by. The D case follows:
bs nächstes Jahr i nex yerbs nächsten Montag i nex Mondy
n other expressons, t means up to, as far as . n th s
usage bs cannot stand alone, except before pacenames l t must be fol owed by another preposton suchas an auf or in The case of the noun or pronoun sdeterm ned by th s second prepost on.
The fol l own g exam pl e sh ows both u sages :
Frtz kommt nur bs Bunsenheim, fndet enGasthaus, geht bs an de Tür, wartet bs fünf Uhr,zäht bs fünfzg, kommt dann bs n de Gaststube,aber: kener st da!Friz ony ges s fr s Bunsenheim finds n inn goes
up o he door wis uni five o'cock couns up o fify
hen ges s fr s he ounge bu no one is here !
5 The preposton gegenüber means opposte, towards,com pared to
Usua l ly gegenüber fol lows the (pro)noun to whch treates, and takes the case:
Die Krche steht am Marktplatz dem Gasthaus ZurRose gegenüber, und Se fnden das Theater amTheaterplatz der Touristeninformation gegenüber.he church is on he mrkepce opposie he Rose nn
nd you' find he here on here Squre opposie
he ouris informion office.
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VOCABARY
You wi need he foowing new words o compee
eercises nd 2 .
der Verbrecher (- )der Pinsel (- )die Paette (-n)die and (e)as Bild (-er)
die Sache (-n)die Tischdecke (-n)das Brot (-e)das Glas (er)die Flasche (-n)der Korken (-)das Etikett (-en)
wichtig
die Feile (-n)
der Einbrecher (-)die Haustür (-en)
kopfenniemand, keinerguckenfnden
das Nuernschild (-er)die Garage (-n)
zurückstecken
der Rahmen (-)öffnen
die eppe (-n)•stzendas Skeett (-e)die Axt (e)
72 G E R M A I H R E E M O H S
criminpinbrsh
peehndpicure
hingbecoh
ofgssboe
corkbe
imporn
fie
burgr/inruderfron door
o knock
no oneo peep
o fnd
number pegrge
bck
o p (isie or beeen
frmeo open
sirs (ie. sircseo si
skeeon
e
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Exercse 1 1
Th e story that fo ows descri bes a priso ne r pai nt i ng a
picture of objects on a tabe On the tabecoh is a oafof bread cut open to revea a fi e, which has been
inserted into it Next o he oaf is a g ass of win e andbehind it , a wine botte Compete the story by inserting preposit ions in the gaps marked (P) and putt ing therig ht ca see n di n gs o n d an d e in The preposit ions, isted in the order in which they are required, are:
m it, in, vor, auf, auf, neben, hinter, mit, auf, für, i n
Der Verbrecher steht (P) en Pnsel nd en
Palette (P) d Hand (P) en Bld (P) d Bld snd mehrere Sachen (P) en schdecke legt
en Brot (P) d Brot st en Glas, nd (P)
Brot st ene Flasche (P) en
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TH XPRSSIO 'S GIBT ( 'THR IS ,TH R AR )
n any anguage there is a way to express the dea thatsometh n g exists or doesn't exist, is ava ab le or notavai lab e Th is is done i n ng i sh with the expressionthere s/are' . n the fol lowing ngl ish exampes, notehow the verb changes, not only according to time buta lso to match the th in g it is referr ing to, s how ngwhether i t is s i ngu ar or p lura :
here's mouse in he lrderhere re rs by he riverhere ws cke for e
here were hmburgers for supper
erman has es gibt (from geben to gve') as its
equivalent of there s/are' in sentences saying whethersomethn g exists or is ava lab le . n th is expresson es iste U so the item(s) being ta ked about must be inte D case:
Es gibt heute einen Film im Fernsehen.here's film on eevision odyGibt es keinen Kuchen mehr?
s here no more ckeEs gibt mehrere Fehler in de Briefhere re severl miskes in he eerEs gibt einige Ausländer im Hotel.here re some foreigners in he hoelEs gibt jetzt Abendbrot!ow we're going o hve supper! (here is supper now)
You wl l see from these examples that es gibt does notchange for the p lura .
Th e queston Was gibt es? (usua ly spoken Was gibts?means hat s the re ? ' (e . g . for a mea , avai lab e n asop, on teevis on, etc) .
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VOCU
der Hotelgast (e) hoe gues
das Fernsehen elevisionim Fernsehen on eevisionheute Abend his evening
der elner (-) werdie Fernsehzeitung (-en) V mgzinedie Woche (-n) week
iese Woche his weekdie Tageszeitung (-en) diy pper
hier hereleider unforuneygestern yeserdy
Exercise 1 3
Trans ate the fo owng sho rt conversat on i nto German You w need the words n the vocabuary ist above.
I the teevision ouge of a ote
HOEL GUEST Wat is tere on television tis evening?
WAIER dont know
HOEL GUES Look in te TV magaine please in DO)WAER Tere is no TV magaine tis week
HOEL GUEST s tere a daily paper?
WATER Yes ere is a daily paper but it is
unfortunately from yesterday von
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words which follow the same pattern as der die dasincluding the words for this and that
words which follow the same pattern as ein thepossessive words my your etcendings that are added to adjectives when theyprecede a nounordinal numbers (first second etc) and fractionsthe familiar forms used when talking to friends orchildrenthe order of words in a simple German sentence
WORDS FOOWI G TH SAM PATTR AS'DR ' D I , 'DAS
Th ee ae six othe wods that ae l ike the d . . wodsder die das ec) in that they appea in the same
posit ion befoe the noun and have the d. . end ings These wods ae
dies . .jed . .welch . . ?/!en . .soch . .
manch . .
NT
his hese mm h hoseech every ny
which wh wh () !
h hose
such
quie few fir number of
The usual way to say that' is der die o das spokenwth stess, o dies . .
jen . . s not used often, unless paied with dies . . n theexpesson jen . ., dies . . the fome, the latte
solch . . and manch . n the s ing u la have theatenatives solch ein an d manch ein whee only theein takes endings To convey the meaning of solch einthee a e the fu the altenat ves ein soch . . (endings asn section ) and the fequently used so ein.
76 G E R A N I N H R E E O N H S
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28A
soch . .
manch . .
Er hat soche Schwergketen mtsenem Vater.
e hs suh diffiuies wih his fher.Wr haben soches Gück mt demWetter.ere hving suh uk wih he weher.
Mancher Pozst trnkt sebst zu ve.Que few poliemen drink oo muhhemseves.
ll ths group of words can be used not only beforenouns but on the r own, with a nou n be ng un derstoodfrom the context
Ich trnke aus desem Gas. nken Se ausdesem? drink from his gss. (ndiing) ill you drink from
his one
jeder jeden jedem on its own meanseverybody, just as kener kenen kenemon ts own means no one, nobody
WORS TAKI G TH SAM D I GS AS I
s wel l as words that are l ke the d . . words, there areothers that are paral lel to en he ein end ngs a reexclusve to words ndcating possesson
st person nd pers 3rd persons ngu la r p lu ra l s ingu la r p lura l
m . f n .• Ihr • ihr • hrmen unser sen sen
my our your his her is heir
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ere is a summary of ype endings, using unser a n dIhr as exam pes :
s i ngu la r p u a
m f. n m f n
u unser unsere unser unsereD unseren unsere unser unsere unserem unserer unserem unseren
l is impoan no o misake unser in wic e -erbel ong s o e sem, for a d. .ype word, i n wi c e-er occus only as an ending.
s i ngu la r p u ra lm f n . m . f. n
u Ihr Ihre Ihr IhreD Ihren Ihre Ihr Ihre
Ihrem Ihrer Ihrem Ihren
l e wods in is goup, wic indicae possession,can be used no on y before no un s bu on e r own, omean mi ne, o urs, yours, is , ers, i s, eirs . Te endi ngsae e same as above, excep a e m . s i ng ua Uadds -er and e n s i ngu ar U and D add -s
Leihen Sie mir bitte Ihren Bleistift. Meiner ist weg.Lend me your pencil plese Mine hs vnished (lierlly:
is wy) .
Mein Fahrrad ist fünf Jahre alt. Wie alt ist Ihrs?My bicycle is five yers old ow old is yours
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Execise 1 4
Geht er ohne seine Frendin ins Theter?Nein er geht mit seiner Frendin ins Theter
w w st sie ohne ihre Shwester bei llers
eingeladen?
Nein
ommt e Vater mit nserem Geshenk frdie tter?
Nein
Esse ih den
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s in g u a r p u ra m . f n m . f . n .
u der arme die arme das arme die armenMann Frau Kind Leute
den armen die arme das arme die armenMann Frau Iind Leute
de are der are de are den arenMann Frau Kind Leuten*
* P u ra nouns
in the case aways have -nadded to
the p l ura l form u n ess the p lu ra a l ready ends in -n or isa foreign p ura l l ike utos
ummary of endings after d type words
s i g u a r p lu ra m f. n . m. f. n .
u -e -e -e -en -en -e -e -en -en -en -en -en
djectives after type words
These al so have en in a l posit ions except f ive but three
of these undergo change compared with
s i n g u la rm . f
ir arer sene armean rau
D iren are seie armean Frau
ire senerare areann rau
n .ir ares
indir ares
idire
arenid
p lu ra lm . f. n ire aren
Iiderire are
Iideriren
areKinder
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u m ma ry of adjectve en d ngs afer type words
s ngu la r p lu ra lm . f. n m f n
u -er -e -es -en0 -en -e -es -en -en -en -en -en
djectves preceded by nether d type nortype words
These endngs are easy to learn f you remember wherethey come from see below:
s ngu la r p lu ra lm f. n m f n
u lalter kalte kaltes kalteWein Limonade Bier Getränke
kalten kalte kaltes kalteWein Limonade Bier Getränke
kaltem kalter kaltem kaltenWein Limonade Bier Getränken
u m mary of adjectve en d ngs wthout d or typewords:
s ngu a r p lu ra lm . f. n m f n
u -er -e -es -e -en -e -es -e -em -er -em -en
The pr ncpe behnd the adjectve endngs for and 3above s that any leters n the end ng s of d whch have
bee n lost m ust appea r n the adjectve end ng . o wthein, -r s lost n the m s n gu la r U case and -s s lost nthe n s n gu lar U/ cases They are the reforetransferred to the adject ve. n 3 , a l l the d end ngs a relost, so they are transferred to the adjectve, except thatthe n s ngu la r U/ d as becomes -es whentransferred (as wth the d type words n secton )
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O DI U M BS D FCTIO S
The ordinal numbers (f irst second tird etc) areas fol lows:
frst: erst
second to nineteenthadd t to the card na l nu mber (section ) so second i szweit n inth neunt and eghteenth achtzehnt
xceptions:third dritt ei becomes i
sieben loses the enseventhe ighth
siebtacht acht does not get the ad dit onal t
twentieth onwards:
add st to the cardinal number so thrty f fh sfünfunddreißigst hundredth hundertst andthousandth tausendst
rdnal numbers are mostly used as adjectves beforenou ns so they take the endi ngs descrbed n secton :
Die fünfte Person von rechts ist mein Vater.
he fifh person from he righ is my fher.Ich nehme gern ein drittes Glas von demherrlichen Wein.'d enjoy hird glss of h splendid wine.
The fol lowing exam ples use the same en d ngs as nsect on Sie benutzen als Erster
or Erste if person spoken o is
femle) unsere neue Maschine.You're he firs o use our new mchine
Ich bin als Siebter mit der Prüfung fertig.'m he sevenh o finish he es.
part from half die Hälfte (n) fractions are formedby adding el to the ordna l nu mber which ten becomes
a n n o u n : for example quarter das Viertel () tenth
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das Zehntel . o twothids is zwei Dritteltheeeighths, drei Achtel
a l f (of ) the . . i s often die Hälfte von (o,instead of von the possesso case, section 0)
Die Hälfte von dem Geld gehört mir.lf of ) he oney belongs o e
oweve, when half is followed not by the butby a/an, you must use the adjective halb Thus ha lfan hou is eine halbe Stunde and ha lf a loaf is einhalbes Brot
Viertel foms a lot of compounds, such as a quateof an hou r , eine Viertelstunde a quarte of a l itre,en Vierteliter (m or n . , no change in the p lu a l )
ne and a ha lf is anderthalb, eineinhalb or eveneinundeinhalb and f ive and a half is fünfeinhalb ofünfundeinhalb These do not take any adjectiveen d ings even when they pecede nouns
CVTIO BTW FIDS
o conversat ion with i n the fam i ly, o between ch i lden ,students, etc, you use the falar nd peson ponouns( you/your ) and verb forms o now we sha l l just look athow these ae fomed i n the s in gu l a
ponoun
U du dic dir
type or{po io)
dein your)
verbsp s nt
tene
of sein: bistof abe astof oher verbs:se (e)st
intuction/ u ts
•usng sen: se