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Hie-Joon KimB.S. Chemistry, Seoul National University, Korea, 1970 Ph.D. Chemistry, University of Chicago, USA, 1977
Professor Emeritus Seoul National University
Experience
Philosophical Questions Scientific Answers
(Thinking Power Books, 2012)
Chemistry of Life, Chemistry for Life (Free
Academy, 2009)
Representative
Publications
Professor , Department of Chemistry
Seoul National University (1997-2012)
Chair Professor , Gwangju Institute of Science and
Technology (2013-Present)
SNU Teaching Award (2007)
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Chapter 2
Genetic Material
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INTRODUCTION
J. Expt. Med. 79, 137 (1944)
http://www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chfa_01_img0106.jpg
Avery, MacLeod, McCarty
Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
Studies on the Chemical Nature of the
Substance Inducing Transformation of
Pneumococcal Types
http://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=oswald+avery&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=OeMCJbQ4vyIx3M&tbnid=ymECqTjkH2vuRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ar-Bo/Avery-Oswald.html&ei=WW6uUdngJafxiAfm-4CgBw&bvm=bv.47244034,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNEs9C-oCV2V-Pkls_hjH5B_jJlUPA&ust=1370472405463136http://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=oswald+avery&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=OeMCJbQ4vyIx3M&tbnid=ymECqTjkH2vuRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ar-Bo/Avery-Oswald.html&ei=WW6uUdngJafxiAfm-4CgBw&bvm=bv.47244034,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNEs9C-oCV2V-Pkls_hjH5B_jJlUPA&ust=1370472405463136
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2-1 Genetic Transformation
Biologists have long attempted by chemical
means to induce in higher organisms predictable
and specific changes which thereafter could be
transmitted in series as hereditary characters.
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2-1 Genetic Transformation
Among microorganisms the most striking example
of inheritable and specific alterations in cell
structure and function that can be experimentally
induced and are reproducible under well defined
and adequately controlled conditions is the
transformation of specific types of Pneumococcus.
https://cnho.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/streptococcus_20pneumoniae.jpg
http://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://highenergy2011.com/bacterium.html&ei=rfBaVeqeFcb28QW2roDoAg&bvm=bv.93564037,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFydm08sGSvwxGn1BhimtyiDfEkZw&ust=1432109562398480http://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://highenergy2011.com/bacterium.html&ei=rfBaVeqeFcb28QW2roDoAg&bvm=bv.93564037,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFydm08sGSvwxGn1BhimtyiDfEkZw&ust=1432109562398480
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2-2 Griffiths Experiment
This phenomenon was first described by Griffith who
succeeded in transforming an attenuated and non-
encapsulated (R) variant derived from one specific type into
fully encapsulated and virulent (S) cells of a heterologous
specific type.
R Strain (rough)
S Strain (smooth)
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2-2 Griffiths Experiment
Griffith found that mice injected subcutaneously with
a small amount of a living R culture derived from
Pneumococcus Type II together with a large inoculum
of heat-killed Type III (S) cells frequently succumbed
to infection, and that the hearts blood of these
animals yielded Type III pneumococci in pure culture.http://keepinapbiologyreal.wikispaces.com/file/view/to_wikispaces_grifith.jpg/199323320/to_wikispaces_grifith.jpg
Frederick Griffith1928
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rough strain(nonvirulent)
mouse lives
smooth strain(virulent)
heat-killedsmooth strain
rough strain &heat-killed
smooth strain
mouse dies mouse lives mouse dies
2-2 Griffiths Experiment
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2-3 Elemental Analysis
Four purified preparations were analyzed for content of nitrogen,
phosphorus, carbon, and hydrogen.
C H N P N/P ratio
34.27 3.89 14.21 8.57 1.66
-- -- 15.93 9.09 1.75
35.50 3.76 15.36 9.04 1.69
-- -- 13.40 8.45 1.58
Theory 34.20 3.21 15.32 9.05 1.69
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The fact that transforming activity is destroyed
by these preparations containing depolymerase
for desoxyribonucleic acid provide evidence for
the belief that the active principle is a nucleic
acid of the desoxyribose type.
2-4 DNAse
DNAse
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2-5 Ultraviolet Spectrum
Ultraviolet absorption curves showed
maxima in the region of 2600 and minima
in the region of 2350 . These findings are
characteristic of nucleic acids.
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2-6 Antibody Reaction
The biochemical events underlying the
phenomenon suggest that the transforming
principle interacts with the R cell giving rise
to a coordinated series of enzymatic
reactions that culminate in the synthesis of
the Type III capsular antigen.
Oswald T. Avery (2007), Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types, Rsonance
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2-7 Hersheys Experiment
https://www.dnalc.org/content/c16/16406/16406_hershey_chase.jpg
Hershey, Chase - 1952blender experiment
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bacteriophage
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Review
The great composer HndelAnd the great scientist Mendel
Both came from an ancestor commonOver an eon
As a result of biological evolutionTaking place through natural selection.
GeorgHndel(1685-1759)
Gregor Mendel(1822-1884)
Charles Darwin(1809-1882)
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Nobel Lectures in Science
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