High Energy High Energy PhysicsPhysics
at theat the
University University of Oregonof Oregon
• • Accelerator-based (Atlas)Accelerator-based (Atlas)• • Non-accelerator (LIGO)Non-accelerator (LIGO)• • TheoryTheory
Standard ModelStandard Model
What is the universe What is the universe made of?made of?
How does it interact?How does it interact?
Standard Model veryStandard Model verysuccessful, but incomplete…successful, but incomplete…
Outstanding QuestionsOutstanding Questions What causes mass?What causes mass? What breaks EW symmetry?What breaks EW symmetry? Are there additional Are there additional
symmetries (supersymmetry)?symmetries (supersymmetry)? Are there extra, compactified Are there extra, compactified
space-time dimensions?space-time dimensions? Why matter (not antimatter)?Why matter (not antimatter)? What is dark matter?What is dark matter? And many more…And many more…
Likely to have answers in the next 5 years!Likely to have answers in the next 5 years!
Experimental HEP FacultyExperimental HEP Faculty
Jim BrauJim Brau Ray FreyRay Frey
David StromDavid Strom Eric TorrenceEric Torrence
Experimental StudentsExperimental Students Just Graduated StudentsJust Graduated Students
Jan Strube (BaBar) - RutherfordJan Strube (BaBar) - Rutherford Rahmat (BaBar) - MississippiRahmat (BaBar) - Mississippi Jeff Kolb (BaBar) - Notre Jeff Kolb (BaBar) - Notre
DameDame Nick Blount (BaBar)Nick Blount (BaBar)
Current StudentsCurrent Students Andreas Reinch (Atlas)Andreas Reinch (Atlas) Elizabeth Ptacek (Atlas)Elizabeth Ptacek (Atlas) Mary Robinson (Atlas)Mary Robinson (Atlas) Jake Searcy (Atlas)Jake Searcy (Atlas)
Emelie Harstad (LIGO)Emelie Harstad (LIGO)
Past GraduatesPast Graduates Masahiro Ito (07-LIGO)Masahiro Ito (07-LIGO) Rauha Rahkola (07-LIGO)Rauha Rahkola (07-LIGO) Dave Mason (06-NuTev) now FNALDave Mason (06-NuTev) now FNAL Chris Potter (05-BaBar) now McGillChris Potter (05-BaBar) now McGill Sean Walston (04-SLD) now LLNLSean Walston (04-SLD) now LLNL Matt Langston (03-SLD) now industryMatt Langston (03-SLD) now industry Dae Hwan Kim (01-OPAL) now industryDae Hwan Kim (01-OPAL) now industry
HEP Accelerator LabsHEP Accelerator Labs
BaBarBaBarSLDSLD
NuTevNuTev
OpalOpalAtlasAtlas
Truly global fieldTruly global fieldOregon very well connectedOregon very well connected
Large Hadron ColliderLarge Hadron Collider
14 TeV proton collisions14 TeV proton collisions27 km ring circumference27 km ring circumference1200 SC dipoles @ 8.3 Tesla1200 SC dipoles @ 8.3 Tesla
Directly probe “Terascale”Directly probe “Terascale”Collisions in Fall 2008Collisions in Fall 2008 Fall 2009Fall 2009
Conseil Européen pour la Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN)Recherche Nucléaire (CERN)
(European Laboratory for Particle Physics)(European Laboratory for Particle Physics)
The LHC ExperimentsThe LHC Experiments
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ATLAS at CERN (Completed 2008)ATLAS at CERN (Completed 2008)
The TerascaleThe TerascaleStandard Model
Discovering the Quantum Universe
1 TeV 1012 TeV
The Higgs(es)The Higgs(es)
Data ProcessingData Processing
In one second at the LHC:In one second at the LHC: 600,000,000 proton collisions600,000,000 proton collisions 5 top quark pairs5 top quark pairs
May only get a few Higgs per May only get a few Higgs per minute minute (or less)(or less)
Expect to recordExpect to record3,000,000 GigaBytes per year 3,000,000 GigaBytes per year
Simulated HiggsSimulated HiggsH→Z Z→eH→Z Z→e++ee--μμ++μμ--
Simulated compactblack hole evaporation
Level 1Level 1Hardware-BasedInput at 40 MHz, ~60 PB/sOutput: 100 kHz, 150 GB/s2.5 us/event
Level 2Level 2Software-Based600 dual-core CPUsOutput: 3 kHz, < 5 GB/s10 ms/event
Finds electrons, muons,taus, jets, missing energy
Level 3Level 31600 dual-CPUsOutput: 200 Hz, 300 MB/s1 s/event
Will store > 3,000 TB of data to tape/yearWill store > 3,000 TB of data to tape/year
September 10, 2008Scheduled to restart September 2009
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Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)
Hanford Observatory
LivingstonObservatory
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GW Science
Goals: Establish GW detection Test GR: weak and strong fields Use GW as an astrophysical tool
GW revolution like radio astronomy?
R. Frey Student Visit
Evidence for Gravitational Waves(indirect)
•
•
T=60 ms
T ~ 8 hr
PSR 1913+16 Binary n-star system
Pulsar period observedover 25 years
– Taylor and Hulse
R. Frey Student Visit
GW Interferometer Principle
Require: ΔL/ L = h ≈ 10-21 or better
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Astrophysical signal types
• Compact binary inspiral: “chirps” NS-NS waveforms are well described BH-BH need better waveforms search technique: matched templates
• Supernovae / GRBs: “bursts” “unmodelled” search triggered search: coincidence with photon or neutrino detections
• Pulsars in our galaxy: “periodic” observe known neutron stars (frequency, doppler shift) all sky search (computing challenge) r-modes
• Cosmological Signals “stochastic background”
Non-detection of GW (so far) but making relevant astrophysical observations
Observation I -- ruling out a GRB in Andromeda (ApJ 2008)
• GRB 070201 – a short-duration gamma-ray burst with position consistent with M31 (Andromeda)
• Such a nearby GRB would have easily been observed by LIGO
• Ruled out at ~99% CL
• Likely sources: a GRB behind or an SGR in M31
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observations (contd)
Observation II – beating the Crab pulsar spin-down limit (ApJ Lett)
• Crab pulsar’s spin rate is gradually slowing down
• The energy loss goes into EM and GW emission
• All into GW?
• No. In fact, LIGO limit implies GW emission accounts for ≤ 4% of total spin-down power
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Cha
ndra
imag
e
Mod
el
observations (contd)
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Observation III – beating the BBN limit for a cosmic GW background from the early universe (soon…)
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The Future: Enhanced and Advanced LIGO
Enhanced LIGO (S6)• readout noise; laser power• 2 better sensitivity• commission AdLIGO readout
with real IFOs• reduce AdLIGO startup time
Advanced LIGO• Major upgrades: optics,
lasers, suspensions, ...• 10 better sensitivity
2006 2007 2008 2009 20112010 2012 2013 2014
S5 Run S6
enhanced LIGO
Advanced LIGO
S7
LIGO
build hardware installation scienceAdvanced LIGO is funded, starting 2008
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UO people in LIGO
• Faculty and senior scientist Jim Brau Ray Frey David Strom Robert Schofield, Sr. Research Scientist
• half-time on site at Hanford
• Postdocs Isabel Leonor, leads the GRB analysis effort
• Graduate students Emelie Harstad Masahiro Ito, PhD 2006, supernova search Rauha Rahkola, PhD 2006, GRB search
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1 TeV Linear Collider (Future)1 TeV Linear Collider (Future)
ee++ee-- -> HZ -> HZ
Precision machinePrecision machineCompliments LHCCompliments LHCConceptual design startedConceptual design startedDetector R&D underwayDetector R&D underwayLots of UGs involved in R&DLots of UGs involved in R&D
U Oregon groupU Oregon groupis is VERYVERY involved involved
Theoretical HEP FacultyTheoretical HEP Faculty
Nilendra DeshpandeNilendra Deshpande Dave SoperDave Soper
Stephen HsuStephen Hsu
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Graham KribsGraham Kribs
Selected Theory TopicsSelected Theory Topics Kribs - Physics beyond the Standard ModelKribs - Physics beyond the Standard Model
SUSY, Extra dimensions, ...SUSY, Extra dimensions, ... Astro-particle connectionsAstro-particle connections
Hsu - QFT and connectionsHsu - QFT and connections Gravity, black holes, dark energyGravity, black holes, dark energy Extreme QCD Extreme QCD
Soper - QCD, parton shower theorySoper - QCD, parton shower theory2009 winner of APS Sakurai prize2009 winner of APS Sakurai prize
Deshpande - Penguins, flavor physics,Deshpande - Penguins, flavor physics,new physics phenomenologynew physics phenomenology
HEP Grad Student EducationHEP Grad Student Education Quantum MechanicsQuantum Mechanics RelativityRelativity ComputingComputing ProgrammingProgramming Analysis SkillsAnalysis Skills Advanced StatisticsAdvanced Statistics Simulation MethodsSimulation Methods Hardware TechniquesHardware Techniques ElectronicsElectronics Presentation SkillsPresentation Skills Collaboration SkillsCollaboration Skills
Very Broad EducationVery Broad EducationUseful in ‘real world’Useful in ‘real world’Can follow interestsCan follow interests‘‘Apprentice’ system Apprentice’ system
Greatly rewards motivated individualsGreatly rewards motivated individuals
HEP SummaryHEP Summary ATLAS @ Large Hadron ColliderATLAS @ Large Hadron Collider
Beams starting this SummerBeams starting this Summer On the threshold of TerascaleOn the threshold of Terascale
LIGO Gravity wave observatoryLIGO Gravity wave observatory Whole new way to look at universeWhole new way to look at universe Fundamental tests of GRFundamental tests of GR Advanced LIGO work starting 2009Advanced LIGO work starting 2009
International Linear colliderInternational Linear collider HEP TheoryHEP Theory