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13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
High Performance Topping Material
for Semi-Rigid Pavement
凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™
for Semi-Rigid Pavement
Dr Wu Dong Qing Sun Dao Jun
Chemilink Technologies Group, Singapore Chemilink Technologies Group, Singapore
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13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Topping Materials
3. Composite and Components3. Composite and Components
4. Semi-Rigid Pavement
5. Application Procedures
6. Completed Projects (Examples)
7. Conclusions
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™1. Introduction
� As traffic intensity / frequency, axle loading and aircraft
size continue to increase, so does the demand for improved
airfield and road pavements to cater for the increasingly
heavy wear and tear of the pavements.
� Challenges:
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
� Challenges:
○ design and construction of
durable, low-maintenance and economical pavements;
○ difficulty in scheduling the repair of concrete
pavement, e.g. airports, seaports and road junctions
(months of demolishing and strength development)
� Composite pavement as a wearing course:
open AC + topping material = semi-rigid (days of work)
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™2. Topping Materials
Difficulties in producing topping materials:
For example:
� Flowability
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
� Strengths and Modulus
� Balance of the above two
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™2. Topping Materials
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
ChemilinkTM SS-141
� High performance polymer modified cementitious
material
○ High workability ���� Easy application
○ High early strength ���� Early opening to traffic
○ High long-term strength � Low maintenance
� Requires only the addition of water to produce a highly
flowable mixture
� Result of extensive research work with the introduction of
nano-technology.
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™2. Topping Materials
Properties Test Methods Typical Values of SS-141
Workability
(Flowability)
ASTM C939 • 10 ~ 14 seconds
JASS 15 [1]• 200 ~ 250 mm
12 hrs • 20 ~ 30 MPa
1 day • 55 ~ 70 MPa
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
Compressive
StrengthEN 12190
1 day • 55 ~ 70 MPa
7 days • 85 ~ 100 MPa
28 days • 115 ~ 140 MPa
Flexural Strength at 28 days EN 196 • 7 ~ 15 MPa
Setting Time EN 196• 4 ~ 6 h (normal setting)
• 2 ~ 3 h (fast setting)
[1] Optional at the jobsite
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™2. Topping Materials
Comparison Items SS-141 [1] SS-141-A [2] SS-141-B [3]
Workability (flow), sec 10 ~ 14 10 ~ 14 10 ~ 14
Comp.
Strength,
12 hrs 25 10 < 5
1 day 60 50 15
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
Strength,
MPa 7 days 90 80 30
28 days 130 110 40
Setting
Time,
hours
Normal 4 ~ 6 7 ~ 9 -
Fast 2 ~ 3 - 2 ~ 3
[1] typical values; [2] similar to Malaysian Standard; [3] similar to Singapore Standard.
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™2. Topping Materials
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
Comparison of Topping Materials
100
120
140
0
20
40
60
80
0 120 240 360 480 600 720
Curing Age, hours
Str
en
gth
, M
Pa SS-141
SS-141-A
SS-141-B
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™2. Topping Materials
Compressive Strength development with curing time at different w/s
R2 = 0.99
R2 = 0.94
120
140
160
Co
mp
res
siv
e S
tre
ng
th, M
Pa
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
R = 0.99
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Maturity, (oC.day)
Co
mp
res
siv
e S
tre
ng
th, M
Pa
w/s = 0.27 w/s = 0.20
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™3. Composite and Components
� Parallel Model (Iso-strain; upper bound):
� Series Model (Iso-stress; lower bound):
2211 VEVEEc
+=
1 VV
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
Vi = volume fraction of components 1 and 2
Ei = modulus of components 1 and 2
Ec = modulus of composite
Σ Vi = 1, e.g. V1+V2 = 1
2
2
1
11
E
V
E
V
Ec
+=
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™3. Composite and Components
�Given VAC ,Vm and EAC the same for different semi-
rigid composites, Esr increases as Em increases for
both parallel and series models.
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
EVEVE =+mAC
VV 1=+
� Similarly, given VAC ,Vm and Em the same, Esr
increases as EAC increases
srmmACACEVEVE =+
srm
m
AC
AC
EE
V
E
V 1=+
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™3. Composite and Components
High quality SS-141 topping material leads to
� high performance at initial stage
� high reliability of semi-rigid pavement
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
� high reliability of semi-rigid pavement
� further development of semi-rigid pavement when
asphalt concrete technology advances
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™4. Semi-Rigid Pavement
Properties Test MethodSemi-Rigid Pavement (SS-141 as topping)
Compressive strength at 12 hrs
EN 12190
• 3 ~ 5 MPa
Compressive strength at 1 day • 6 ~ 8 MPa
Compressive strength at 28 days • 9 ~ 12 MPa
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
Compressive strength at 28 days • 9 ~ 12 MPa
Flexural strength at 28 days EN 12190 • ≥ 3 MPa
Modulus ASTM D4123 • ≥ 6,500 MPa (at 25oC)
Skid Resistance ASTM E303 • ≥ 50 ~ 60 BPN
Impermeability DIN 18130 • impermeable
Curing time - • 4 ~ 8 hours
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™4. Semi-Rigid Pavement
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
Curing Age
Compressive strength (MPa) of semi-rigid
pavement with different topping materials
SS-141 SS-141-A SS-141-B
12 hrs 3 ~ 5 0.5 ~ 2 [1]12 hrs 3 ~ 5 0.5 ~ 2 [1]
1 day 5 ~ 8 5 ~ 7 <5 [2]
7 days 8 ~ 10 7 ~ 10 -
28 days 9 ~ 12 8 ~ 12 -
[1] or dependent on the properties of the open AC;
[2] the strength of composite pavement is believed to be inadequate.
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™5. Application Procedures
Porous asphalt concrete Mixing of SS-141 Flowability Check
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
Porous asphalt concrete Mixing of SS-141 Flowability Check
Filling into porous asphalt concrete
Scraping
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™5. Application Procedures
Right after filling
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
Hardened surface
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™6. Completed Projects (Examples)
Singapore Changi Airport Apron 1 (2007)
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™6. Completed Projects (Examples)
Singapore Changi Airport Apron 2 (2007)
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™6. Completed Projects (Examples)
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
Heavy Loading Yard (Hanson, Singapore AC Plant, 2005)
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凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™7. Conclusions
� Demand for semi-rigid pavement due to increased heavy
wear and tear of pavements and difficulty in scheduling
the repair work
� ChemilinkTM SS-141 topping
○ Easy application (high flowability)
13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
○ Easy application (high flowability)
○ Early opening to traffic (high early strength)
○ Low maintenance (high long-term strength)
� Given the same asphalt concrete and the same mix
proportion, a higher quality topping would yield a
composite pavement of better performance
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13th SINGAPORE SYMPOSIUM ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY (SPT 2008)
凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克凯密林克™