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High-resolution spectroscopy with a femtosecond laser
frequency comb
Vladislav Gerginov1, Scott Diddams2, Albrecht Bartels2, Carol E. Tanner1 and Leo Hollberg2
1Department of physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 465562National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway M.S. 847, Boulder, CO 80305
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Atomic number: 55Atomic weight: 132.9 a.u.El. Configuration: [Xe] 6s1
Nuclear angular momentum 7/2Tmelt. = 28.4oCTevap. = 669oCLifetime 6P3/2 = 30.462(3) ns (1)
Lifetime 6P1/2 = 34.88(2) ns (1)
Nucl. dipole moment:I = 2.5827681(14) N
(2)
Nucl. quadrupole moment:Q = - 3.431(1) mbarn (3)
HFS 6S1/2 (4)
HFS 6P1/2 (preliminary)HFS 6P3/2 (5)
1 C.Amiot et al., Phys. Rev. A66, 052506 (2002)2 P. Raghavan, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 42, 189 (1989)3 J. Cederberg et al., J.Chem. Phys. 111 (18), 8396 (1999)4 International Agreement5 V. Gerginov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91,072501 (2003)
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Pulsed laser spectroscopy1970s: Ideas of 2-photon spectroscopy with pulsed sources from T. W. Hänsch and V. P. Chebotaev;
“Narrow resonances of two-photon absorption of super-narrow pulses in a gas” Y. V. Baklanov and V. P. Chebotaev, Appl. Phys. 12, 97 (1977).
“Coherent Two-Photon Excitation by Multiple Light Pulses”R. Teets, J. Eckstein, and T. W. HänschPhys. Rev. Lett. 38, 760-764 (1977).
“Two-photon spectroscopy of laser-cooled Rb using a mode-locked laser”, M. J. Snadden, A. S. Bell, E. Riis, A. I. Ferguson, Opt. Commun, 125, 70-76, (1996).
“High sensitivity phase spectroscopy with picosecond resolution”J. –C. Diels, B. Atherton, S. Diddams;Proceedings of 5th European Quantum Electronics Conference, 29 195–195, (1994).
“United Time-Frequency Spectroscopy for Dynamics and Global Structure”, A. Marian, M. C. Stowe, J. R. Lawall, D. Felinto, J. Ye, Science Express, 1105660, 2004.
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Experimental setup
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Femtosecond Laser Spectral Output
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D1 line spectrum @ 14nW CW power
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D2 line spectrum –CW excitation
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D2 line spectrum @ 1.5nW CW power
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Overlapped spectral components
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D1 Line Measurements
F-F’ Previous1 (kHz) This work (kHz) Difference (kHz) AC Stark shift (kHz)
F3-F3 335120562759.7(4.9) 335120562753.7(85.0) -6.0 ( 0.1 sigma) Not meas.
F3-F4 335121730483.2(5.3) 335121730500.8(16.4) 17.6 (1 sigma) -36.0(31.4)
F4-F3 335111370130.2(4.6) 335111370146.3(10.5) 16.1 (1.4 sigma) -20.7(9.5)
F4-F4 335112537853.9(4.0) 335112537861.7(28.0) 7.8 ( 0.3 sigma) Not meas.
1V. Gerginov, K. Calkins, C. E. Tanner, A. Bartels, J. McFerran, S. Diddams, L. Hollberg, to be submitted.
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F-F’ Previous1 (kHz) This work (kHz) Difference (kHz)
F3-F2 351730549621.5)5.5( 351730549616.3)9.7( -5.2) 0.5 sigma(
F3-F3 351730700845.9)5.5( 351730700766.1)98.5( -79.8)0.8 sigma(
F3-F4 351730902133.2)5.6( 351730902116.9)34.2( -16.3) 0.5 sigma(
F4-F3 351721508210.5)5.5( 351721508195.1)21.7( -15.4) 0.7 sigma(
F4-F4 351721709496.9)5.5( 351721709471.6)167.8( -25.3 )0.2 sigma(
F4-F5 351721960585.7)5.5( 351721960563.5)4.5( -22.2 )3 sigma(
D2 Line Measurements
1V. Gerginov, C. E. Tanner, S. Diddams, A. Bartels, L. Hollberg, PRA 70, 042505, 2004
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Cs D2 Line Optical Clock
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Frequency reference Combining the optical frequencies of the D lines, the repetition rate
and the offset frequency of the femtosecond laser can be referenced to an atomic transition.
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Optical frequency 351730549621500HzRepetition rate 998.6390777MHzComponent number N=352210Accuracy 60kHz (1.7x10-10)Instability 3.5kHz (10-11) @ 100s
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Conclusions
1. One-photon spectroscopy using the output of a femtosecond laser;
2. Optical frequency measurements with accuracy better than 100kHz;
3. SubDoppler spectroscopy with 1nW laser power;4. Potential femtosecond-laser based optical clocks.