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7/31/2019 Hist 102 Timeline
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1416-1796 1800-1914 1914-1919 1910-1939 1931-1945 1945-Present
European powers gradually built trading empires
in Asia
Improvements in technology helped European
explorers navigate.
The desire for spices led Europeans to seek
control trade network in Asia.
By the late 1500s, the Dutch replaced the
Portuguese as the major European power in Asia.
In the 1700s, England and France vied for
dominance.
During 1500s and 1600s, China and Korea
restricted contact with the outside world. The
Japanese initially welcomed the western traders,but they later adopted a similar policy of isolation.
Taking advantage of the slowly crumbling
Ottoman empire, Britain, France and Russia
competed to extend their influence over Ottoman
lands.
Western Powers carved out spheres of
influence along Chinese coast. China tried
unsuccessfully to resist foreign influence with
belated efforts at modernization and reform.
By the early 1900s, leaders in many
colonized regions were forging their own
nationalistic movements.
As defense against western imperialism,
Japan transformed itself into a modern industrial
power and set out on its own imperialist path.
By 1900s, western powers had claimed
most islands in the Pacific and divided up most of
Southeast Asia. Europeans forced subjects to
accept western ideas about government,
technology and culture.
Between 1919 and 1939, the
desire for democracy and self-determination contributed to
explosive struggles in many
regions. New leaders in Asia built
liberation movements.
Arab nationalism led to
Pan-Arabism, uniting Arabs against
foreign domination.
In India, Gandhi led a
campaign of non-violent resistance
against the British rule.
In china, foreigners
extended their spheres ofinfluence. Later, Communists and
Nationalists engaged in civil war.
In th e1920s and 1930s,
extreme nationalism and
economic upheaval set Japan on a
militaristic and expansionist path.
European powers embarked on a period of
aggressive expansion known as the Age of
Imperialism.
World War I
Many forces-including nationalism, militarism, and imperialist rivalries-
propelled Europe into World War I. This massive conflict engulfed much
of the world for four years and ushered in a new age of modern warfare.
Two huge alliances emerged: Central Powers, dominated by
Germany and Austria-Hungary, and the Allies, led by France, Britain and
Russia.
Although the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in
1914 ignited World War I, historians agree that all major powers share
blame for the conflict.
Trench warfare and new weapons contributed to a stalemate on
the western front.In 1917, the United States entered the war, allowing the Allies to achieve
victory.
The Paris Peace Conference imposed heavy penalties on
Germany and redrew the map of Eastern Europe.
Between 1939 and 1945, nations all
over the world fought World War II, thelargest and most costly conflict in
history. The war shifted the balance of
world power from Western Europe to
the United States and the Soviet Union.
The Axis powers-Germany, Italy
and Japan-embarked on a course of
aggression in the late 1930s. France and
Britain first adopted a policy of
appeasement but declared war when
Germany invaded Poland. The United
States, the Soviet Union, and the Allied
powers joined to defeat Germany.To force Japan to surrender, the
United States dropped two atomic
bombs.
The Cold War followed World
War II, pitting the western democracies,
led by US, against the communist bloc,
dominated by the Soviet Union.
Nationalism and Revolution World War II
The collapse of the western colonial
led the emergence of nearly 100 new
mostly in Africa and Asia.
China, Japan, and other Asian
have achieved varying degrees of su
their efforts to modernize. The Asia
Taiwan, HongKong, Singapore and Sou
vaulted into the class of newly indu
nations. Cold War tensions spark
devastating conflicts in Korea, Viet
Cambodia.
In South Asia and the Mid
nations cast off western rule and se
modernize. Ethnic and religious rivalri
ongoing conflict among the people Asia. When secular governments in th
East did not yield promised impro
some reformers rejected western mo
called for reaffirmation of Islamic va
long Arab-Israel struggle and other
have focused world attention on th
East.
Since the end of World War II, the world has ch
rapidly.
The collapse of western colonial empito the emergence of nearly 100 new cou
Nuclear weapons, terrorism, and humaare enduring issues in an incre
independent world.
Complex economic ties link the rich natthe global north and the poor nations
global Sout.
Urbanization, modernization, wmovements and technology have bdramatic social changes.
Technology has revolutionized mediciagriculture and helped create a
westernized popular culture.