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HISTOLOGY
THE STUDY OF TISSUES
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GENERAL
Tissue = Cells with similar structure & function organized into groups or layers
Four major types:- Epithelial (Covers or lines surfaces, found
in glands)- Connective (Bind & support body parts)- Muscle (Movement)- Nervous (Detect changes & transmit info.)
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CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Covers all body surfaces inside & outMany tightly packed cells, usually
arranged into layersFree surface & basement membraneFunctions: protection, absorption,
sensation, secretionHigh rate of cell division (healing)Avascular (rely on diffusion)
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Epithelial Cell Surface
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CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Layers- Simple (one layer)- Stratified (>1 layer; Note: only cells at
surface have characteristic shape)Shapes
- Squamous- Cuboidal- Columnar- Transitional
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE - GENERAL
Few cells widely spaced in non-living matrix
Matrix may be solid, semi-solid, fluidLargest % of tissue by weight; found in all
body partsBinds, protects, supportsMay be vascular
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE - GENERAL
Fibroblast- Most common cell- Secretes fibers
* Collagen – strong, flexible, structural* Elastic – stretch & recoil* Reticular – highly branched, supportive
Differs in type & amount of fibers in matrix
Loose or dense; regular or irregular
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MUSCLE TISSUE
Contract, provide movement3 types:
- Skeletal (attached to bones)
- Smooth (hollow organs)
- Cardiac (heart)
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NERVOUS TISSUE
Regulate, coordinate, body functionsBrain, spinal cord, nerves2 types of cells:
- Neuron (nerve cell)* Most specialized cell in body* Conducts (Transmission of nerve
impulse)- Neuroglia (“nerve glue”)
* Assist neurons (bind, protect, supply)
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