Download - Historical Research Part 1
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Historical Research Jerome S.
AlvarezTopic Researcher
Standard and Critique
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Historical Research
Historical research is a procedure supplementary to
observation in which the researcher seeks to test the authenticity of the reports or observation made by others.
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Definition of Research ...An unusually stubborn and persisting effort to think straight which involves the gathering and intelligent use of data.
Hamblin, H. (1966). What is research? American Vocational Journal, 41(6), 14-16.
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Definition of Data Information especially information organized for analysis or used as a basis for a decision.
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PurposesPlace events in logical sequence.Determine activities surrounding an event.
Preserve information that would otherwise be lost.
Answer why.Make public information that has not been shared.
Have implications for the present and future.
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IdiosyncrasiesRe-search.The only thing certain is the past.
All researchers who follow the scientific method are historians
The older the information, the more precious and valuable it is.
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Characteristics of Historical Researchers
PersistentPatientNon-allergicKeeper
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Historical Research Steps
Define the problem. Collect source materials.
• Primary• Secondary
Evaluate source materials. Formulate hypothesis. Report and interpret
findings.
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Primary sources
• Eye or ear witness
• Original objects
Secondary sources
• Copies of objects
• Second hand information
Sources of Information
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Primary Sources
One prepared by an individual who was a participant in or a direct witness to the event being described.
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Primary Sources of Information
Original documentsRelicsRemainsArtifacts
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Secondary Sources
A document prepared by an individual who was not a direct witness to an event, but who obtained a description of the event from someone else.
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Secondary Sources of Information
TextbooksEncyclopediasNewspapersPeriodicalsReviews of research and
other references
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External Criticism
Genuine? Authentic?
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External CriticismDoes the language and writing style conform to the period in question and is it typical of other work done by the author?Is there evidence that the author
exhibits ignorance of things or events that she/he should have known?
Did the author report things, events or places that could not have been known during that period?
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External Criticism
If manuscript is undated or the author unknown, are there any clues internally as its origin?
Has the original manuscript been altered either intentionally or unintentionally by copying?
Is the document an original or draft copy? If it is a copy, was it reproduced in the exact words of the original?
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Internal Criticism
Accurate? Meaning?
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Internal CriticismWhat was meant by the author by each word and statement?
How much credibility can the author’s be given?
What was the author trying to say?How could the author’s words be interpreted?
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Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Historical Research
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Advantages- Permits investigation of topics and questions that can be studied in no other fashion.
Disadvantages
- Cannot control for threats to internal validity- Limitations are imposed due to the content analysis- Researchers cannot ensure representation of the
sample
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To be continued………..Thank
you for
listening
Standards in Critiquing
Historical Data
Jerome S. Alvarez……………First reporterMarly Acebido………………..Second reporter