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Oral + Written Communication History of Mass Communication
+Activity: What is Communication
+Functions of Communication
Information Dissemination
Instruction
Persuasion
Debates and Discussion
Cultural Promotion
Entertainment
Transmission of Knowledge
Social Contact
+History of Communication
Speech was developed about 200,000 years ago
Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago
Writing was developed about 7,000 years ago
+Developments in Communication
Internet
Television
Cinema
Radio
Telegraphy/Radio
Printing Technology/Newspapers
Drum Beats/Smoke Signals/Pigeon Service/Letters/Word of Mouth
+What is Oral Communication
Oral Communication: Conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be listened to or spoken
Verbal Oral Communication: Conveyance of information in forms that can be listened to or spoken using words
Non Verbal Oral Communication: Conveyance of information in forms that can be listened to or spoken using no words (grunts, sighs)
+Story of Human Evolution
+Early Human Beings
Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus)
Early human beings did not speak
Structure of voice boxes like modern apes or chimpanzees
They could make vocal noises but the human anatomy did not permit delicate control over vocal sounds that are required for speech
+Neanderthals
Homo Sapiens, Neanderthanlensis
Has the same limitations as the earlier human beings
Communicated using gestures, body movements and limited number of sounds
+Cro-Magnons
Homo Sapiens, Sapiens
Our direct ancestors
Same larynx, voice box, tongue and lip structures as modern people
The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, sit at the top of the windpipe (trachea). They are two folds of tissue stretched across the voice box (larynx). They vibrate, adjusting the flow of air from the lungs, to produce speech sounds.
Were able to generate and control sounds in intricate ways
Were able to speak and develop language
+Diagram of larynx
+Written communication
+Sumerian Cuneiform
Earliest know form of written communication
Emerged in Summer around 30th century BC
Pictorial representations on clay
Cuneiform writing was gradually replaced by the Phoenician alphabet
+Egyptian Hieroglyphics
The word hieroglyph comes from the Greek hieros (sacred) plus glypho (inscriptions)
Hieroglyphs could represent the sound of the object or they could represent an idea associated with the object.
Usually written on papyrus and wood
+Phoenician Alphabet
The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, during the 15th century BC.
Before then the Phoenicians wrote with a cuneiform script.
+Phoenician Alphabet
The earliest known inscriptions in the Phoenician alphabet come from Byblos and date back to 1000 BC.
Origins of most alphabetic writing systems can be traced back to the Phoenician alphabet, including Greek, Etruscan, Latin, Arabic and Hebrew, as well as the scripts of India and East Asia.
+Egyptian Papyrus
Papyrus rolls and early parchments made of dried reeds (light weight + portable)
+Chinese Paper
Paper was invented by T’sai Lun in 105 AD,
The word "paper" is derived from the word "papyrus," which was a plant found in Egypt along the lower Nile River.
Paper, and the pulp papermaking process, was said to be developed in China during the early 2nd century AD (Anno Domini)