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History: What we knew then…
What is a Trans Fat?
Where are they found?
TRANS FAT
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History: Pre 1990
Paul Sabatierdiscovers
hydrogenation
1890
Wilhelm Normann
Liquid fats to solid fats
Crisco: First hydrogenated
product to American tables
1902 1911
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History: Early 1900’s
Hydrogenation
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Saturated Fat
Partial
Hydrogenatio
n
Hydrogenatio
n
Unsaturated
Fat
TransUnsaturated
Fat
Cis
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Claimed Benefits of Trans Fats
• Increased shelf life
• Decreased refrigeration
• Less saturated fat than butter
• Less expensive than butter
or lard
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History: Pre 1990
World War II begins…
Use of margarine rises sharply
1937
A.H.A proposes reducing saturated
fat intake to reduce heart
disease
Consumer advocacy groups campaign to replace saturated fat
with preservative (BHT/BHA) free
alternative
1957 1984
TransFat
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History:Post 1990• Research began to show detrimental
effects of trans fats– “On a per calorie basis, trans fats appearto increase the risk of Coronary Heart disease more than any other macronutrient”– Cardiac deaths attributed to consumption
of trans fats
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History: Post 1990
• 1993: Advocacy groups call for fast food restaurants to stop using partially hydrogenated oils in deep fryers
• 1999: U.S. government proposes law requiring food manufacturers to list trans fats on labels
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SOURCES
CookiesCrackersChips and other commercial baked goodsFrench friesFried onion ringsDonuts and other commercial fried foodsStick margarine“Instant foods”: Just add water
Vegetable ShorteningChocolate candyRegular microwave popcornSoup in cups and Ramen noodles
Small amounts of trans fats occur in nature in meats and dairy products.
TRANS FATRaises blood cholesterol levels.
Found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.
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Where Is it Coming From?