Download - HKOI 2012 TRAINING INTRO TO LINUX [waihon @ /CUHK/SHB123]$ date Sat Feb 18 13:00:00 HKT 2012
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HKOI 2012 TRAINING
INTRO TO LINUX[waihon @ /CUHK/SHB123]$ dateSat Feb 18 13:00:00 HKT 2012
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If you are now in Windows now, Please reboot into Linux =)
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TODAY CONTENT
• Part 1 – Hello Linux World• Part 2 – Shell & Command• Part 3 – Using Linux
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PART 1 – HELLO WORLD
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LINUX FILE SYSTEM HIERARCHY“Where is my C:\Program Files and D:\ ?”
• /bin : system .exe (C:\Windows\System32)• /boot: kernal image for booting• /dev : devices file• /etc : configuration files• /home : home directory for users (C:\Users)• /usr : user program (“Program Files”)• /lib,lib64: library (“.dll” in Windows)• /sbin : admin .exe (eg. ifconfig)• /var : log files
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LINUX FILE SYSTEM HIERARCHY“Where is my D:\ ???”
• Depend on how you “mount” your partition…
• You can find the devices at• /dev/sdx : if your computer can find the device
• You can access the partition from• /media : if the partition is a removable drive• /home : if you mount your partition as /home
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PART 2 – SHELL & COMMAND
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SELF-LEARNING COMMANDSman – reference manuals
man cmd : read the manual page of cmd
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SELF-LEARNING COMMANDSwhatis , whereis
whatis cmd : display the man page descriptions of cmd
whereis cmd : locate the cmd
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BASIC COMMANDS ls - list directory content
ls -a : list all filels -l : long list format
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BASIC COMMANDS cd – change directory
cd : go to the my home directorycd ~ : go to the my home directorycd / : go to the root directorycd dir_name : Enter dir_namecd - : Enter the previous directorycd .. : Enter the parent directory
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BASIC COMMANDS cp – copy files and directories
cp fileA fileB : copy fileA to fileBcp –r dirA dirB : copy dirA to dirB recursivelycp *.txt dirA/ : copy all .txt file to dirA
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BASIC COMMANDS rm – remove files or directories
rm fileA : remove fileArm –r dirA : remove dirA recursively (rmdir)rm *.out : remove all .out files
rm * rm /* rm ~/*
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BASIC COMMANDS mkdir – make directories
mkdir dirA : make directory dirAmkdir –p dirA/dirB: make directory dirA/dirB
even if the parent directory “dirA” is not exist
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BASIC COMMANDS rmdir – remove empty directory
mkdir dirA : make directory dirAmkdir –p dirA/dirB: make directory dirA/dirB
even if the parent directory “dirA” is not exist
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BASIC COMMANDScat – concatenate files and print
cat fileA : print fileAcat fileA fileB : print fileA fileB
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BASIC COMMANDSps – list of current processes
ps -e : Get ALL processesps –U user : Get the user’s processes
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BASIC COMMANDSkill – send a signal to a process
kill -9 12345 : send a KILL signal to process 12345
Useful when you cannot terminate a program.
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BASIC COMMANDSkillall – kill all process by name
killall a.out : kill all process with name a.out
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MORE BASIC COMMANDSman and try them
more : view fileless : view file (better than more)date : show the system timeuptime: tell how long the system has been runningtop : display Linux taskfind : find fileseq : print sequence of numberfile : determine the file typehead : output the first part of the filetail : output the last part of the file……
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USEFUL COMMANDS IN OIbc – arbitrary PRECISION calculator
scale = x : set the number of digits after the decimal point in the expression
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USEFUL COMMANDS IN OIbc – arbitrary PRECISION calculator
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USEFUL COMMANDS IN OIfactor – factorize numbers
factor integer in [ 0 , 264 )
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USEFUL COMMANDS IN OItime – run programs and summarize system resource usage
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USEFUL COMMANDS IN OIdiff – compare files line by line
diff fileA fileB : compare fileA and fileBdiff –i fileA fileB : ignore case
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USEFUL COMMANDS IN OIgrep – print matching pattern
ps -e | grep “firefox” : find the pattern “firefox” from the output of “ps –e”
cat output.txt | grep “debug” : find if the output.txt
contain pattern “debug”
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USEFUL COMMANDS IN OIsort – sort lines of text files
sort -r : reverse the result -n: numeric sort
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TEXT EDITORvim
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TEXT EDITORvim - basic
• [Esc] -> [normal mode] move cursor only• i -> [insert mode] eg. editing ok• : -> [command line mode] eg. save file
• Example:• :w -> save file• :wq -> save file and quit vim• :q -> quit vim (fail if the file is edited)• :q! -> quit vim without saving• :wq! -> save file and quit vim!
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TEXT EDITORvim - basic
• /ptn -> search for the pattern “ptn”• :123 -> go to line 123
• dd -> cut the line• yy -> copy the line• p -> paste
• u -> undo• Ctrl+r -> redo
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TEXT EDITORvim – cheat sheet
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TEXT EDITORvim – .vimrc
• Locate at the home directory (~/.vimrc)• Storing the personal setting of vim
• Sample :
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TEXT EDITORgedit
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TEXT EDITORgedit - feature
• nu• showmatch• ts=4• ……
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COMPILERgcc/g++
• g++ source.cpp [–o output] [-O2] …
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COMPILERgcc/g++ - make
• Use make to avoid overwriting the source code.
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COMPILERfpc – Free Pascal Compiler
• fpc source.pas –o output• ./output
(Sorry, I have not installed pascal on my Linux)
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PART 3 – USING LINUX
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CHOOSING DISTRIBUTION
• Distro Watch : http://distrowatch.com/
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CHOOSING DISTRIBUTIONLinux Mint
• Beginners• Desktop• Live Medium
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CHOOSING DISTRIBUTIONUbuntu
• Beginners• Desktop• Server• Live Medium• Netbooks
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CHOOSING DISTRIBUTIONfedora
• Desktop• Server• Live Medium
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CHOOSING DISTRIBUTIONfedora
• Desktop• Server
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3 WAYS OF INSTALLING LINUX
• 1) Format the partition and install
• 2) Virtualize• 1) VirtualBox• 2) VMware
• 3) Wubi – install Linux as a software in Windows
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RECOMMENDATION
• CommandLineFu - http://www.commandlinefu.com/• Interesting Command