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HOK
TALL
BUILDINGS
tallbuildings
tallbuildings
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Published by:
ORO Editions
Publishers of Architecture, Art, and Design
Gordon Goff: Publisher
www.oroeditions.com
Copyright 2014 by HOK
ISBN: 978-1-941806-22-7
10 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 First Edition
Color Separations and Printing: ORO Group Ltd.
Printed in China.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
including electronic, mechanical, photocopying or microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the
publisher.
The text is printed using offset sheet-fed lithographic printing
process in five color on 157gsm premium matte art.
ORO Editions makes a continuous effort to minimize the overall
carbon footprint of its publications. As part of this goal, ORO
Editions, in association with Global ReLeaf, arranges to plant trees
to replace those used in the manufacturing of the paper produced
for its books. Global ReLeaf is an international campaign run by
American Forests, one of the world's oldest nonprofit conservation
organizations. Global ReLeaf is American Forests' education and
action program that helps individuals, organizations, agencies, and
corporations improve the local and global environment by planting
and caring for trees.
Library of Congress data: Available upon request
For information on our distribution, please visit our website
www.oroeditions.com
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HOKS MISSION IS TO DELIVER EXCEPTIONAL DESIGN
IDEAS AND SOLUTIONS THROUGH THE CREATIVE
BLENDING OF HUMAN NEED, ENVIRONMENTAL
STEWARDSHIP, VALUE CREATION, SCIENCE AND ART.
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PREFACE
Tall buildings give form to human aspiration. For the
past two centuries, they have served as powerfulexpressions of our creativity, knowledge and will.
They are symbols of their time and place.
As people around the world gravitate toward urban
cores, how will our big cities continue to add density
while preserving vital open space? The cities of the
future will ultimately have just one direction to grow:
up. One can imagine vertical cities with clusters
of interrelated high-rises linked by aerial
thoroughfares and side streets. In these vibrant
mixed-use towers, people will live, work, shop and
choose from numerous dining and entertainment
options. Green zones and public plazas within the
buildings will sustain the people who occupy these
24-hour environments.
This book demonstrates how HOK's architects
have approached tall building design in the recent
past and how global social and economic forces are
transforming the towers of the future.
Readers will see that each tall building has its own
personality and character. Some are iconic, whileothers fit comfortably into their context.
Each of HOKs tall buildings integrate sculpture and
science to create a s ustainable, high-performance
structure. The forms emerge from our clients'
needs as well as from the building program,
structural and vertical transportation systems,
site, climate and culture.
We thank our clients for their trust, vision and
partnership as together we give shape to the future
landscape of tall buildings and urban cores.
HOK Design Board
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INDIANAPOLISINTERNATIONALA
IRPORT
9
0
50
100
200
500ft
12
18
28
34
40
46
54
60
Beijing Central Business District Block Z8
Beijing Central Business District Block Z15
California State Teachers' Retirement System Headquarters
Capital Market Authority Tower
Century Square
Changsha Furong District Dongpailou Complex
Crystal Tower
Dubai World Trade Centre
Greenland Center Southern New City High-Rise
Greenland Dalian East Harbor Tower
Hexi CBD Mixed-Use Development
Hotel Competition for Confidential Client
IJ-Toren
Intercontinental Mixed-Use Tower
Jurong Town Corporation Summit
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
Lotte Mooselon Tower
535 Mission Street
Mongolia Democracy Tower
Moscow City Plots 17 + 18
Nanjing Financial Center
New Songdo City Mixed-Use Block D23
New Songdo City Mixed-Use Residential Block D22
Riyadh Mixed-Use Development
Samba BankSamsung Research and Development Facility 4
Sheraton Incheon Hotel in New Songdo City
Suzhou SIP Tower
US Bank Tower at 621 Capitol Mall
West India Quay Tower
Wuchang Riverside Business District Master Plan + Super High-Rise
Xiamen International Centre
Studies of Function + Form
Abaad Tower
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company Headquarters
Ad Dahna Towers
20 Anson Road
Bakrie Tower
Baku Flame Towers
Bank Headquarters for Confidential Client
Barclays World Headquarters
66
74
82
90
110
116
124
130
134
142
152
160
166
172
178
184
192
198
202
210
216
222
230
238
244252
258
266
274
280
286
294
300
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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11
WORLD MAP
Bakrie Tower
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
20 Anson Road
JTC Summit
Mongolia Democracy Tower
Lotte Mooselon Tower
New Songdo City Block D24
New Songdo City Mixed-Use Block D23
New Songdo City Mixed-Use Residential Block D22
Samsung Research and Development Facility 4
Sheraton Incheon Hotel in New Songdo City
Baku Flame Towers
Beijing Central Business District Block Z8
Beijing Central Business District Block Z15
Changsha Furong District Dongpailou Complex
China Construction Bank
Greenland Center Southern New City High-Rise
Greenland Dalian East Harbor
Hexi CBD Mixed-Use Development
Nanjing Financial Center
Suzhou SIP Tower
Topwin Beijing
Wuchang Riverside Business District
Xiamen International Centre
Yusha Square
Zhengzhou Hotel
Zhengzhou Technology Development
Bank Headquarters for Confidential Client
Hotel Competition for Confidential Client
Turkey Mixed-Use Tower
Moscow City Plots 17+18
Baccarat Hotel
Silverstein 11th AvenueCrystal Tower
Intercontinental Mixed-Use Tower
Abaad Tower
ADNOC Headquarters
Dubai Towers
Dubai World Trade Centre
Ad Dahna Towers
Capital Market Authority Tower
Riyadh Mixed-Use Development
Samba Bank
535 Mission Street
CalSTRS Headquarters
US Bank Tower at 621 Capitol Mall
HOK Tall Building Project
HOK Office
Barclays World Headquarters
West India Quay Tower
IJ-Toren
Century Square
As we compiled the projects for HOK Tall Buildings, the world map showing
their locations began to tell a story. This map illustrates the number and
sheer monumentality of the tall buildings rising in Asia and the Middle East,
reflecting the economic growth and optimism of these regions.
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tallbuildings
view from sheikh zayed road
465,000 sq. ft. / 43,200 sq. m.
Height: 656 feet / 200 meters
45 stories
Design completion: 2008
Withcleanlines and carefully designed
details, this speculativeofficebuilding for
Abaad Real EstateCompany creates astrong
architectural statementalong SheikhZayed
Road, Dubais major highway.
Thetowers silhouette, fabricand pattern
fuseto createabuilding thatcommands
attentionamong thesurrounding corporate
and institutional towers.
Thefacadeintegrates aluminumand fritted
glass inseveral combinations: as a prefinished
aluminum engineered wall system, aluminum
facadelouversystem, channel glass facade
systemand curtainwall.
Theinteriorand landscapereinforcethe
architectural conceptthroughuseof similar
materials, rhythms and patterns tocreatea
serene, harmonious environment.
Theflexiblefloorplates, strong identity
and numerous amenities help attract
corporatetenants.
Abaad TowerDubai, UAE
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15
sky terrace floor plan typical high-rise floor plan
ground floor plan typical low-rise floor plan
2
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
5
6
6
78
1 drop-off
2 reception
3 retail / caf
4 meeting rooms
5 office
6 service
7 vehicular access
8 loading
ABAADTOWER
south elevation west elevation east elevation north elevation
0
8
16
32
64t
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channel glass study
sk y terrace section
1 aluminum glass screen
2 double-glazed curtain wall with ceramic frit
3 vertical aluminum mullion caps
4 prefinished aluminum facade system
5 double glazing with horizontal ceramic frit
6 spandrel glass panel
7 profilit channel glass facade system
8 aluminum facade louver system
9 prefinished aluminum facade system
10 sealed double glazing in aluminum frame
11 prefinished aluminum column cover
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
material diagram
ABAADTOWER
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19
tallbuildings
renderings
ThenewheadquartersforAbuDhabiNational
OilCompanysymbolizesthecompanys
importanceinthe developmentoftheUnited
ArabEmirates.
LocatedononeofAbu Dhabismostprominent
urbansites,thetowerwillcreatea newcity
landmarkwhilearticulatingADNOCsroleas
oneofthe worldsmostdynamic,influential
petroleumcompanies.Theproximityofthe
EmiratesPalaceHoteladdstothesite's
exclusivity,withthetowerservingasthe
primaryviewforVIPsand patronsat the
EmiratesPalace complex.
Thestructuresdesignmaximizesviewsof
theArabianGulfandtakesadvantageofthe
sitesprimelocationthroughcarefulmassing
ofthetowerandplacementofthesurrounding
courts,plazasandlandscape.
Thedesigncombinesmajesticspacesand
high-qualitymaterials .To maximizefl exibility,
officesareorganizedwitha modularapproach
thatisinterchangeableandrepeatable.
Thetower'snorth-southorientationminimizes
theground-levelfootprint,leavingampleroom
forlandscapedamenityspace.Arectilinear
podiumextendsfromthebaseof thetower.A
curvilinearauditoriumadjacenttothetower
actsasa contrastingsculpturalelement.
Extendingsouthofthe towerstructure,
thethree-levelrectangularpodiumhouses
employeeservices,retailspace,theserviceloadingarea,a heritagemuseum,andthe main
lobbyandcirculationspace.
1.9 million sq. ft. / 175,300 sq. m.
Height: 1,123 feet / 342 meters
74 stories
Completion: 2015
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company HeadquartersAbu Dhabi, UAE
lobby faade
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21
UP
DN
site plan
1 podium
2 auditorium building
3 tower
4 mosque
1 reception
2 board room
3 majlis
level 61 executive floor plan
12
1
2 3
3
4
ABUDHABINATIONALOILCOMPAN
YHEADQUARTERS
1 reception
2 meeting
3 waiting area
1 reception
2 meeting
3 waiting area
1 reception
2 meeting
3 waiting area
high-rise level floor plan
mid-rise level floor plan
low-rise level floor plan
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
0
1
5
10
20m
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north elevation
south faade
east elevation south elevation
faade detail
ABUDHABINATIONALOILCOMPAN
YHEADQUARTERS
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ABUDHABINATIONALOILCOMPAN
YHEADQUARTERS
aerial view, phase two
main entrance
reception atrium
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ABUDHABINATIONALOILCOMPAN
YHEADQUARTERS
towerconstruction
towerconstruction
tower construction
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rendering
This towerpairis designed as oneina series
of central towers defining anew business
districtin Riyadh.
Planned tocreateanew city centerfor
Riyadh, theproposed mixed-use
developmentincludes a primary tower
containing officespacewith asecond tower
supporting afive-sta rhotel and upper-level
luxury condominiums.
Thedesignteamformed and oriented these
elliptical towers to createapowerful presence
whileminimizing solar heatgain. The strategy
provides privacy forth ehotel and housing
tower, withtheircloseproximity enhancing
thetowe rs' visual strengthand energy
efficiency. Both areenclosed with highly
efficientstructural exoskeletons thatdefine
building scaleand characterwhileproviding
shading and screening foreach tower.
Undergirding the developmentis a3,500-car
parking structurethat provides new ground
forthebuildings podiumand urban gardens.
This podiumunites thecomplex and offers
users access to retail, entertainmentand
professional services withinagardensetting.
3 million sq. ft. / 280,000 sq. m.
Tower 1:
Height: 984 feet / 300 meters
70 stories
Tower 2:
Height: 787 feet / 240 meters
55 stories
Competition: 2008
tallbuildings
Ad Dahna TowersRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
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ADDAHNATOWERS
1 atrium
2 retail
3 restaurant
4 office lobby
5 hotel lobby
6 condo lobby
site plan
5
11 1
2
2
3
3
4
5
4
3
3
6
2
2
high-performancetriple glazing
insulated concreteexoskeleton with metal
rain screen cladding
ductal concretemashrabiya
section
0
5
10
20
40m
1 retail
2 restaurant
3 office
4 hotel
5 condominium
level 2 floor plan
level 21 floor plan
level 45 floor plan
retail
retail
condo
hotel
apartments
penthou
se
office
o
ffice
skylobby
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ADDAHNATOWERS
rendering
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view from street
Rising onatriangularplotwithintheurban
fabricof Singapores central business district,
this contemporary officetowercontains
Class Aoffices withsmall-scaleretail inthe
entrancelobby.
The20-story officeis a highly energy-
efficientglass box withindividual offices
designed formaximumflexibility as
sustainableworking environments.
Setina tranquil gardenwithabundantlocal
flora, thepodiumprovides aunified and
elegantarchitectural focus. Thepodiums
metal skinfacadecreates a flotation-free
formtha trefle cts Malay traditions while
delivering afun ctional elevation with
natural ventilation.
Access intothesiteis directand efficient.
Inadditiontoan at-gradevehiculardrop-off
area, twolevels of carparking areraised
aboveagenerous ground floorlobby height
toprovidenaturally ventilated carparking. A
two-way helical ramp offers easy access to
theparking levels.
253,000 sq. ft. / 23,500 sq. m.
Height: 351 feet / 107 meters
20 stories
Completion: 2009
tallbuildings
20 Anson RoadSingapore
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ANSONROAD
1 gopeng street
2 anson road
3 drop-off area
4 open plaza
5 retail
1 office suites
typical floor plan ground floor plan
outdoor plaza outdoor plaza exterior facade section
5
1
1
43
2
0
5
10
20
40m
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ANSONROAD
viewfromstreet
entrancelobby
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street view
As thecenterpieceof anextensivemixed-
usedevelopmentincentral Jakarta, this
toweris the new corporateheadquarters
foroneof Indonesias premierland
developmentcorporations.
Asequenceof rotating floorplates
extending theheightof the building gives
thetowerits striking shape. The complex,
modularfacadesystemcreates acollection
of uniqueforms and textures.
Inadditiontocommercial officespace,
thestructureincludes anart gallery,
cafa nd restaurant, conferencing
facilities, executivesuites and aprivate
rooftop helipad.
970,000 sq. ft. / 90,000 sq. m.
Height: 700 feet / 214 meters
48 stories
Completion: 2009
tallbuildings
Bakrie TowerJakarta, Indonesia
1 2
3
4
5
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BAKRIETOWER
5
1
1
4
3
3
3
6
2
2
2
street view rendering
site plan
typical high-rise office plan
0
2
4
10
20m
1 lobby
2 entry
3 plaza
4 art gallery
5 media walk gateway
6 water feature
1 lobby
2 office
3 void
elevation
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45
BAKRIETOWER
streetviewrendering
streetview
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towers illuminated
Perched ona hilltop siteoverlooking Baku
Bay and theold city center, this iconictrio of
buildings transforms the Bakuskylinewhile
advancing thecit ys high-tech identity.
Visiblefrommostvantagepoints inthe city,
thetowers symbolizethe revitalizationof
Bakuand its entry into the21stcentury.
Thetowers' locationoppositeAzerbaijans
parliament buildings creates an ew focal point
fortheBaku community.
Knownas the"regionof eternal fires,"
Azerbaijans history of firewors hip and its
natural gas resources inspired the unique
designof the threeflame-shaped towers.
Designers used parametricmode ling to
translatethe intricateconceptual forms into a
simplified "kit"of constructionelements.
Thoughthey appearsimilarfromtheoutside,
eachof thethreetowers is designed toserve
auniquefunction.
The33-story residential tower thetallestof
thethree sits tothesouth, accommodating
130 luxury apartments withstunning views.
Operated by Fairmont Hotels, thehotel is
located onthenortherncornerof thesite
and consists of 318 rooms, including 19
apartments, on 30 floors.
Located onthewestsideof the complex,
theofficetowerincludes morethan 33,000
square meters of flexible, Class Acommercial
officespace.
Aretail podiumanchors thetowers, providing
leisureand retail amenities suchas cinemas
and shopping.
LED lights onthe exteriorof thebuildings
createaflickering effectthatenhances the
"flame"conceptatnight.
BakuFlameTowers is aprojectby Azinko
DevelopmentMMC, withDIAHoldings serving
as design-build contractor.
2.5 million sq. ft. / 234,500 sq. m.
Tower 1:
Height: 620 feet / 190 meters
33 stories
Tower 2:
Height: 520 feet / 160 meters
30 stories
Tower 3:
Height: 460 feet / 140 meters
28 stories
Completion: 2013
Baku Flame TowersBaku, Azerbaijan
tallbuildings
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BAKUFLAMETOWERS
1 hotel tower
2 residential tower
3 office tower
4 mall entrance
5 mall level 2 retail
6 mall entrance level 1
7 retail units
8 open to below
9 cinema complex
level 2 retail floor plan
0
5
10
20
50m
4
6
1
5
9
3
7
7
8
7
77
7
7
2
view to towers
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BAKUFLAMETOWERS
podium axonometric
view to towers
view of harbor + flame towers
vie
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BAKUFLAMETOWERS
ewofharbor+flametowers
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rendering
Forming thenew banking gateway atthe
Istanbul International Financial Center, these
paired officetowers exemplify thee mergence
of Turkey as acenterof commerceatthe
crossroads of twoco ntinents.
Thetwoglass structures symbolizethe
joining of east and west ina harmonious, yet
distinctive, expressionthatasserts thebanks
arrival ontotheworld stage.
Thestructures createanew identity forthe
bankthrougha memorabledesignuniquely
suited toIstanbul s stunning geography and
layers of history and culture.
Acknowledging the historical contextof the
region, thecontemporary designis influenced
by thetraditional Seljukstyleof Turkish
architecturethatshaped monumental stone
buildings withdiamond-s haped patterns in
the12thand 13thcenturies.
Thestrong, simpleextruded towerforms are
enhanced by anintelligentglass skinwith
bay windows thatextend up fromthebase
of thetowers. Traversing thefacades, the
flowing patternserves as a metaphorforthe
cascading waters of themigh ty Bosphorus
linking Europeand Asia.
Tower 1:
1.4 million sq. ft. / 130,000 sq. m.
Height: 656 feet / 200 meters
50 stories
Tower 2:
968,800 sq. ft. / 90,000 sq. m.
Height: 492 feet / 150 meters
40 stories
Competition: 2013
tallbuildings
Bank Headquarters for Confidential ClientIstanbul, Turkey
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BANKHEADQUARTERSFORCONFIDE
NTIALCLIENT
0
1
5
10
20
m
tower 1 plan
section
tower 2 plan
site elevation
site rendering
persp
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BANKHEADQUARTERSFORCONFIDE
NTIALCLIENT
pective
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street view
Barclays' headquarters towerprovide s
anefficient, high-performanceoffice
environmentformore than6,000 people. The
towerfea tures 30 upperl evels arranged over
theground level and four basementlevels.
Thedesignof thefloor plandeviates from
aco nventional approach by concentrating
servicecores tothenorthof the site, which
allows forabank of atriaon thesouthfacade.
Thesefivestacked atria, eachsix stories in
height, createlofty spaces thatallow natural
lighttopenetratedeep intotheofficeplan.
Eachatriumhas a visual theme, offering areas
formeetings or relaxationamong informal
plantings and striking commissioned artwork.
Theground-floorlobby, one of thelargest
inCa nary Wharf, is linked below streetlevel
tomajorretail facilities and the Canary
Wharf Underground Station. Other building
amenities includeahealthand fitness center,
a365-seatrestaurantand training facilities.
Acting as an energy buffer, the atriacombine
withthegreenroof and othersustainable
strategies tohelp the towerachieveaBREEAM
Excellentrating.
Thestructureof thetowerwas designed
toad dress several emergency conditions,
including theaccommodationof thebuildings
entirepopulationwithintheinternal staircores.
Thetoweris clad predominantly inglass with
reflective steel mullions. The simplified atria
facadeis hung froma series of steel masts
and canbeclearly seenrising up thesouth
face. Elsewhere, thecharacterof the facade
is dependentonthe light, catching eithertheverticality of themullions orthe horizontal
glass and panel arrangementof each level.
355,200 sq. ft. / 33,000 sq. m.
Height: 510 feet / 160 meters
32 stories
Completion: 2005
tallbuildings
Barclays World HeadquartersLondon, UK
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6
6
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BARCLAYSWORLDHEADQUARTERS
5
1
1
4
7
3
6
2
2
ground floor plan
south elevation
typical floor plan
west elevation facade
atrium
lobby
lobby1 drop-off area
2 main entrance
3 double-height lobby
4 access from lower ground mall
5 west entrance pedestrian bridge
6 west india dock
7 dockside landscaped terrace
1 six-story stacked atrium
2 office floor
0
5
10
20
40m
viewfro
facade
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BARCLAYSWORLDHEADQUARTERS
mharbor
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aerial rendering
Thesetwoslendertowersonean officetower
andtheothera hotelarelocatedintheheart
ofBeijing,onthemaineast-westaxisroad
leadingtotheForbiddenCity.
Reimaginingthetypicaltowerarrangementof
stackingahotelaboveofficespace,thedesign
teamplacedtheelementsside-by-sideas
independent structures, connected
byanatrium.
Aseriesofverticallyorganized,small-scaled
neighborhoodcourtyardslinkthebuildings.
Conceivedasvertical"hutongs,"thespaces
drawinspirationfromthenarrowalleysthat
havecontributedtoBeijingshistoricalfabric.
Placedonthesitetotake advantageofnatural
daylightingandviews,thetowersprovide
extremelyflexiblefloorplates.
Structurally,thetwo towersarecodependent,
achievingtheirslendernessthroughthe
useofside-loadedcoresthatsupportlarge,
openfloorplates.
Thestructuraldesignisa hybridofsteel
andconcreteconstruction,withtheprimary
side-loadedcorescomposedofconcrete,
steel-bracedframesaroundtheatria.The
190-meter-tallhotelhasflatconcreteslab
floorplates,whilethe290-meterofficetower
hascompositesteelfloorplates.
1.8 million sq. ft. / 167,225 sq. m.
Height: 951 feet / 290 meters
60 stories
Competition: 2010
Beijing Central Business District Block Z8Beijing, China
tallbuildings
ground level floor plan
4
t ypical upper level floor plan
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BEIJING
CENTRALBUSINESSDISTRICTBLOCKZ8
1 office lobby
2 hotel lobby
3 amenity shared space
4 office drop-off
5 hotel drop-off
1
2
3
5
1 office
2 meeting
3 hotel
4 lift lobby
1
2
3
4
4
west elevation south elevation massing diagram
0
5
10
15
30m
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BEIJING
CENTRALBUSINESSDISTRICT
BLOCKZ8
plaza view vertical hutong
viewalongro
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BEIJING
CENTRALBUSINESSDISTRICT
BLOCKZ8
oad
rendering
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aerial
Reflecting thestrong Chineseeconomy,
this mixed-usetowerdesignsymbolizes the
timeless formof amountainrising abovethe
activity taking placeintheheartof Beijing's
central business district.
Thedesigncreates avibrant, new urban
centerwherefinance, cultureand information
converge. Office, hotel and residential
functions arehoused withinamodern,
timeless structurethatembodies thecity's
traditions and aspirations.
Squareand circularelements combineto
createaneight-sided geometricformthat
ascends tothesky and tapers atits peak.
Atits upperlevels, thetoweropens totwo
separateforms thatencloseasky atrium,
providing dramaticviews of thecitys historic
centerand symbolizing its futureprosperity.
Ahigh-performancecurtainwall system
integrates threedistinct wall types that
combinecompositeglass and stone totake
advantageof natural daylightand energy
harvesting whiledeli vering optimal energy
efficiency. The screened textureof thewalls
reflects traditional architectural elements.
Ase ries of small, neighborhood-scaled parks
throughoutthestructurecreates intimate
greenspaces.
3.06 million sq. ft. / 284,900 sq. m.
Height: 1,433 feet / 437 meters
109 stories
Competition: 2009
Beijing Central Business District Block Z15Beijing, China
tallbuildings
C C
U I :
I L , L I I G
C I I L .
L I I G
L G C I C .
T
r
iin
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BEIJING
CENTRALBUSINESSDISTRICT
BLOCKZ
1 office lobby
2 hotel lobby
3 residential / service units
4 drop-off
5 water feature
6 sunken plaza
7 wood public plaza
5
5
5
1 2
3
3
4 4
7
6
ground level floor plan
typical office floor plan
typical hotel floor plan
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aerial aerial
stone elevation diagram glass elevation diagramnorthsoutheastwest northsoutheastwest
BEIJING
CENTRALBUSINESSDISTRICT
BLOCKZ
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physical model
BEIJING
CENTRALBUSINESSDISTRICT
BLOCKZ
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street view
Featuring anexterior skinthat simulates
aships billowing, translucentsail, the
CaliforniaStateTeachers RetirementSystem
(CalSTRS)headquarters facility is onaformer
shipbuilding siteatthe nexus of twoimportant
rivers: theSacramentoand theAmerican.
Thedynamic structuresalutes thehistory of
thecitys riverfrontwhile incorporating design
strategies forenergy efficiency.
Theideas of translucency and waterare
emphasized insidethebuilding through
aprimary public artfeature. Dubbed the
"RiverRoom," theglass featurelines the
maincirculation spacein thelobby, where
itshimmers, shifts and scatters lightthroughoutthe day.
Housing approximately 850 staff, the
headquarters building includes offices, an
auditorium, anaudiovisual and editing studio,
adining facility, aconferencecenterand a
board room. Thetowerincludes 13 tower
floors and twolevels of mechanical facilities,
withthepodiumoccupying thefirstand
second levels. Parking starts ontheground
level and rises fivelevels withinthe podium.
Ingeneral officeareas, thedesign creates an
openplan withlow-height partitions, providing
90 percentof occupants withaccess to
natural light. Toensurethat individuals
neversit withtheir backs toworkstation
openings, theplanning conceptis based on
a120-degree orientation. Theworkstation
units featureasail-like appendagethat
reinforces theship imagery thatpervades the
facility. Anunderfloor airdistribution system
withindividual comfortc ontrols reducesenergy consumption.
409,000 sq. ft. / 38,000 sq. m.
Height: 300 feet / 91 meters
19 stories
Completion: 2008
tallbuildings
California State Teachers' Retirement System HeadquartersWest Sacramento, California, USA
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CALIFORNIASTATETEACHERS'RETIREMENTSYSTEMHEADQUARTERS
site plan
dining area
typical floor plan
1 parking
2 caucus room
3 board chamber
4 m ember services
5 lobby
6 dining area
7 outdoor patio
1 open office
2 file room
3 break area
4 conference rooms
5
1
4
7
3
6
2
1
4
3
20
5
10
20
40ft
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CALIFORNIASTATETEACHERS'RETIREM
ENTSYSTEMHEADQUARTERS
lobby elevation
podium area sustainability diagram sustainable strategy diagram
viewfromriver
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CALIFORNIASTATETEACHERS'RETIREM
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Soaring1,260feetabovethesurrounding
cityscape,theCMAToweristhe tallestof
thefivestructuresthatmakeupthefinancial
plazaoftheKing AbdullahFinancialDistrict.
Theteamdesignedtheiconictowerasthe
centerpieceofthisnew officedistrict.It
symbolizesthebeginningofa neweraof global
financialleadershipwithinSaudiArabia's
capitalcity.
TheCapitalMarketAuthoritywilloccupy
300,000squarefeetofspacein thetopfloors
ofthe76-storyofficetower.
Representingtimelessnessandopenness,the
tower'stransparencyrelatestothe cultural
valueofthecrystalsfoundalongthewadisintheSaudiArabiandesert.Thistransparency
createsinternalopennessandprovidesaccess
tonaturallightwithintheworkplace.
Ahigh-performancesolarcontrolsystem
moderatestheintenseSaudilightandheat.An
externallayerof fins,gantriesandperforated
panelsprovidesshade,amplifyingthethermal
efficiencyof thetriple-pane,unitizedglazing.
Together,theseshadingdevicesminimizesolar
gainandinternalcoolingloads,reducingHVAC
requirements.Electricalenergyisreclaimed
throughaphotovoltaicarrayinstallationonthe
towersroof.
Eliminatingcopper-wire-based distribution
systemsfordataandsecurityfurtherreduces
internalheatgain.The designusesthe"cool"
technologiesofwirelesscommunication,
air-blownfiberopticsandconvergednetworks.
Theintelligentinfrastructuremergesvoice,dataandvideonetworkstoreducecosts,
centralizemanagem entand boostprodu ctivity.
Toaccommodatefutureexpansionand
upgradedtechnology,allsystemshave
redundant capacity.
Thepodiumstructureatthe baseofthetower
integratespublic circulationwith private
amenityspaces,includingdiningfacilitiesand
atwo-storyauditorium.
HOKdesignedthetower,whichis expected
toachieveLEEDGoldcertification,in
collaborationwithOmrania& Associates.
1,980,000 sq. ft. / 184,000 sq. m.
Height: 1,260 feet / 384 meters
76 stories
Completion: 2014
tallbuildings
Capital Market Authority TowerRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
night view from king fahd road
NORTH
AIRPORT
NORTH RINGROAD
NORTHRINGROAD
NORTH
NORTHAIRPORT AIRPORT
THE
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CAPITALMARKETAUTHORITYTOWER
vicinity plan
THEOLD RIYADH
THESTRIP
ESTRIP
site context
KAFD
Old Riyadh
KAFD
Old Riyadh
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CAPITALMARKETAUTHORITYTOWER
concept sketches process renderings
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CAPITALMARKETAUTHORITYTOWER
level b2 floor plan
level b4 floor plan
1 vip parking lobby
2 prayer
3 kitchen
4 security
5 generators
6 electric / telecom
7 building staff break room
8 building staff locker room
9 storage
1 lobby
2 atrium lobby
3 auditorium
1 vip parking lobby
2 mechanical
3 pump room
4 water storage
5 water treatment
6 electric substation
7 storage
1 wadi-level lobby
2 bookstore
3 travel office
4 waste storage
5 loading dock
6 staging
7 data center
8 building management
level 1 floor plan
level b1 floor plan
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
44
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
9
8
8 8
7
7
7
66
66
6
2
22
2
2
level 3 floor plan
level 2 floor plan
1 lobby
2 servery
3 dining
typical high-rise floor plan
typical low-rise floor plan
1 tenant space
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
1 tenant space1 auditorium
0
5
10
20
40m
typical high rise core
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CAPITALMARKETAUTHORITYTOWER
south elevation
tower sun shading detail
tower curtain wall detail
tower curtain wall detail
section
cma service lift
technical levels
technical levels
fire lift + service lift
cma shuttle service
local lifts (53-76)
local lifts (26-51)
mid-rise shuttles
local lifts (1-24) typical low-rise core
typical mid-rise core
typical high-rise core
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CAPITALMARKETAUTHORITYTOWER
tower atrium
tower atrium
tower atrium
tower rendering
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CAPITALMARKETAUTHORITYTOWER
physical model podium with shroud
podium with enclosure system
podium with structural diagrid
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CAPITALMARKETAUTHORITYTOWER
podium atrium auditorium
main entrance
caf
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CAPITALMARKETAUTHORITYTOWER
construction
construction
tower+podium
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CAPITALMARKETAUTHORITYTOWER
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rendering
As thesignatureelementof a 13-acremixed-
usemasterplandeveloped by HOK, this
upscaleresidential towerrises outof an urban
gardentoestablishacommanding presence
among thesurrounding lower-scalebuildings.
Aco ntemporary glass and metal facade
appeals tohigh-en d tenants and distinguishes
thestructurefromthetypical concreteand
tileconstructionof Indianbuildings.
Drawing inspirationfromlocal stone quarries,
the22-story building incorporates aseries
of stacked duplex units thatgently shift back
and forthto createterraces with panoramic
views of the adjacentwetlands.
Theinteriorenvironmentre-imagines the
traditional mid-riseIndianapartmentas a
vertical family living space thatfea tures an
openliving room, kitchenand dining areaon
thefirstlevel and amoreprivatebedroomand
living spaceonlevel two.
Theorientationand organizationof each
roomis guided by VastuShastra, anancient
Indiandoctrinebased on using directional
alignments to achieveharmony withnature
and theunivers al flow of energy.
Located onthenorthside of Bangalore,
thedevelopmentis thefirstelementof an
emerging urbandistrictbetweenthecitys
central business districtand Bangalore
International Airport.
130,550 sq. ft. / 12,130 sq. m.
Height: 260 feet / 80 meters
22 stories
Design completion: 2012
tallbuildings
Century SquareBangalore, India
5
1
4
4
3
6
2
0
2.5
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CENTURYSQUARE
5
4
1 entry lobby
2 lobby
3 meeting room
4 typical unit
5 private gardens
6 roof terrace
ground floor plan
night rendering elevation
penthouse floor plan
5
10
20m
streetviewrendering
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CENTURYSQUARE
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so uthwest aerial view
Thedesignfor theChangshaDongpailou
Complex brings togetherarichvariety
of experiences. Thecomplex integrates
officehigh-rises, apartments and ahotel
withaseries of unique shopping areas and
entertainmentvenues.
Thearchitectureevokes notableregional
landmarks and showcases its richnatural
beauty. Thesite, whichis justeastof
the Xiang River, provided natural design
inspiration. Theactiveinteriorspaces
elicitasenseof wonder and recall the
historicdevelopments of theriver. A glassy,
serpentine canopy hovers overhead, filtering
lightwhilecreating anattractiveview forthe
toweroccupants looking downfromabove.
Whiletheretail podiumembodies the fluidity
of a river, thetowers ontheperimeterrecall
thespectacularsandstonespires of the
nearby WulingyuanNa tional Park. Soaring
abovethecity, the330-meter-tall Office
TowerWestcommands attentionwithits
crystallineformand dramatic, sloping east
wall. Thetowersits withits broad sideto
theriver, announcing its presenceas anew
beaconforthecity. Fromotherperspectives,
theslender, eleganttowerappears todissolve
intothesurrounding sky.
BoththeHotel /ApartmentTowerEast
and OfficeTowerEastadopta languageof
tapering corners, establishing aconsis tent
architectural visionforthe development
whileallowing forsubtleindividual building
expressions. Tapered corners alsoare
evidentinthedesignof theSoho Towers
Eastand West. Thoughthey differfrom
thelargertowers infunctionand size, their
shared geometry and facadedesignenablethemtocomfortably coexistwithinalarger
family of forms.
Thefull lengthof thedevelopmentis
connected by adynamic, yet easily navigable,
retail paththatflows betweenthe western
subway and the shopping districts tothe
south. Bisected by avisitordrop-off road,
nine levels of traditional mall spaces occupy
thewestportionof the site. Fivelevels of
street-scaleshopping arelocated to theeast.
Thesedifferentzones engageparticipants in
avariety of experiences.
Overall development:
12.38 million sq. ft. / 1.15 million sq. m.
Office Tower West height:
1,082 feet / 330 meters
89 stories
Competition: 2011
Changsha Furong District Dongpailou ComplexChangsha, China
tallbuildings
0
10
25
1
2
1 retail east
2 retail west
3 soho tower west
4 office tower west
5 office tower east
6 soho tower east
7 hotel apartment tower
site plan
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50
100m
CHANGSHAFURONG
DISTRICTDONGPAILO
UCOMPLEX
5
1
1
4
3
62
3
5
14
7
36
2
1 rooftop park
2 soho tower west
3 office tower west
4 office tower east
5 soho tower east
6 hotel apartment tower
1 office tower west
2 office tower east
3 hotel apartment tower
retail level floor plan
250m floor plan
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retail court view from southeast corner
CHANGSHAFURONG
DISTRICTDONGPAILO
UCOMPLEX
viewfromxiangriver
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CHANGSHAFURONG
DISTRICTDONGPAILO
UCOMPLEX
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rendering
Crystal Tower, adelicatebalanceof sharp,
angular forms of glass and metal, rises from
thecity skylineinthe Al Sharq districtof
KuwaitCity. The designcontrasts withthe
solidity and sweeping contours of theHOK-
designed Intercontinental Mixed-Use Tower
several blocks away.
Composed of sloped glass and ametal panel
curtainwall, thetowerfeatures elegant,
slenderproportions and acompactfloor
plate. Thebuil ding includes 45 stories of
officespace, witha multi-level stoneand
glass podiumattheground level housing
athree-story entranceatrium, retail
spaces, building services and twolevels of
underground parking.
Astriking open-airsky atriumat mid-tower
heightrelates tothesurrounding contextof
mid-rise buildings while providing sweeping,
panoramic views. A20-meter-tall steel truss
spireatop the toweremphasizes thebuildings
dynamic asymmetrical composition.
The towers overall slenderness ratio of nearly
seventoone posed astructural engineering
challengeforthedesignteam. Acast-in-place
concrete wall replaces theoriginal steel V
brace, absorbing thetowers twisting motion
underwind loads. The additionof perimeter
tensioncolumns intheconcretecore
compensates forthe unbalanced twisting of
thetypical floor plate.
Afterthewind tunnel testing, theteam
incorporated chamfers along the corners
of thetowerand used thefirefighting
watertankatthe top as adampening
element. This refinementreduced overall
accelerations forservicea bility while
enhancing occupantcomfort.
452,000 sq. ft. / 42,000 sq. m.
Height: 787 feet / 240 meters
52 stories
Design completion: 2007
tallbuildings
Crystal TowerKuwait City, Kuwait
543 3
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CRYSTALTOWER
1
3
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
22
22
1 atrium
2 retail
3 elevator lobby
4 office
5 sky atrium
ground level floor plan
upper level floor plan sky level floor plan
sectional model rendered model
20m
construction
construction
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CRYSTALTOWER
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view from plaza
HOKwona designcompetitionforthe
expansion of Dubai's World TradeCentre
and thedevelopmentof anew business and
cultural districtinthe heartof Dubai.
Thenew developmentand expansionof the
original facilities presented theopportunity to
expand onthesuccess of theexisting World
TradeCentreand deliveranew civicand
business focus forthe city. Theprojectwould
anchoroneof themaindevelopmentdistricts.
Thedesignbrings togetheropera, theatre
and museumbuildings withnew exhibition
facilities inan integrated pedestrian quarter.
Offices, hotels and residential, retail and
leisureattractions help createa thriving
mixed-useenvironment.
Located nexttothe Emirates Towers, the
existing World TradeCen trefacilities and
iconic1983 officetowerrepresentDubais
firststep in creating thenew high-risedistrict
along SheikhZayed Road.
Thetowerdesigncreates aniconthatserves
as amarkerfor theWorld TradeCentre.
Theefficientfloorplateuses a small portion
of theoverall site, leaving roomforopen
spaces and gardens around thetower. A
structural diagrid gives thebuilding triangular,
prism-like shapes, creating ahigh ly efficient
structurewhilesupporting the towers Islamic
aesthetic.
Inadditiontostructural and aesthetic
benefits, thediagrid provides thefirstlevel
of shading fromtheintensesunlightof Dubai.
Thedesigncalls forceramicfritto befused
totheglass, controlling theregions harsh
sunlightand minimizing heatgain. The fritis
designed inan abstract, Islamicpatternthat
complements thetowe r's geometric patterns.
12.6 million sq. ft. / 1.17 million sq. m.
Height: 1,382 feet / 421 meters
100 stories
Competition: 2006
tallbuildings
Dubai World Trade CentreDubai, UAE
streetviewrendering
rendering
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DUBAIWORLDTRADECENTRE
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aerial rendering
As the talleststructurein JilinProvince,
this officeand residential towercreates an
iconinthe new city centerof Changchun. It
symbolizes a gateway tonortheastChina, a
regionattheheart of thecountrys automobile
and high-techindustrial economy.
Located atthenexus of twoprominent
thoroughfares, thetowershares ahighly
accessiblesitewith asmaller-scaleoffice
building, a hotel and two apartmentbuildings.
Theoverall urbandevelopmentcreates an
integrated living and working environment
thatestablishes anew identity forChangchun
while reflecting local culture and tradition.
Adouble-skinfacadereduces heating and
cooling costs by minimizing heattransfer at
the building envelope. Automaticexternal
openings regulatefacadeconditions in
responsetotheoutsidetemperature.
During thesummer, thefacadecavity is
naturally ventilated. Thermal buoyancy
drives airmovementthroughthecavity and
promotes heatextractio n, reducing envelope
heatgain.
External openings automatically closein
winter. The facadecavity traps solargains
and creates athermal barrierat theenvelope,
minimizing envelopeheat loss.
The siteof fers breathtaking views of the
Yitong Riverand its adjacentnatural wetland.
Lot A4: 2.61 million sq. ft. / 242,400 sq. m.
Lot A4 East: 914,900 sq. ft. / 85,000 sq. m.
Height: 1,033 feet / 315 meters
70 stories
Competition: 2010
Greenland Center Southern New City High-RiseChangchun, China
tallbuildings
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GREENLANDCENTERSOUTHERNNEWCITY
HIGHRISE
1
2
3
3
site plan
aerial rendering
1 office tower
2 mixed-use tower
3 serviced apartment tower
typical residential floor
elevation: previous floor +3.20m
340
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1 access walk and brackets
2 operable inner windows
3 concrete cast in place frame
4 inner wall - modified window wall
5 outer wall - single-glazed curtain wall
6 cantilevered concrete slab
typical double-wall construction
typical residential floor
elevation: previous floor +3.20m
typicaltowerpanelheight
3200
340
755
565
1245
1540
1
2
3
4
5
street view rendering
GREENLANDCENTERSOUTHERNNEWCITY
HIGHRISE
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GREENLANDCENTERSOUTHERNNEWCITY
HIGHRISE
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tallbuildings
aerial rendering
The gently curving, triangular form of this
108-story tower reflects the boldness and
symmetry of a lighthouse, creating a beacon
for Dalian to the world.
Three sheaths of high-performance, blue-
tinted glass extend the full height of the
mixed-use building. Continuous at the office
levels, the glass separates at the hotel
and residential levels to reveal gardens,
residences and terraces clad in low-iron clear
glass with horizontal sunshades. The sheaths
extend to the top of the tower, revealing a
public observation deck above organically
shaped openings that reduce wind pressure.
The fluidity of the landscaping informs the
design of the dramatic, amorphous opening
at the top of the tower and the curvilinear
pattern of the retail podium. The organic form
extends to the adjacent convention center,
connecting the entire site with the nearby
ocean waves.
Each side of the triangular tower provides a
separate entrance and elevator bank with
a unique identity that reflects its office,
hotel or residential function. For the hotel
and residential components, a bank of
elevators at the base of the building
transports residents and visitors to sky
lobbies where they can take another set of
elevators to their destinations.
Accessed from a lobby on the northeast side
of the tower, the 30 office floors feature
floor-to-ceiling glass and provide an equal
12-meter lease span on all sides. The plan
accommodates simple subdivision for
partial-floor tenants or efficient use by a
single tenant.
3.2 million sq. ft. / 297,000 sq. m.
Height: 1,700 feet / 518 meters
108 stories
Completion: 2015
Greenland Dalian East Harbor TowerDalian, China
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GREENLANDDALIANEASTHARBORTOWER
1 office drop-off
2 residential drop-off
3 hotel drop-off
site plan
2
residential level floor plan hotel level floor plan
ground level floor plan office level floor plan
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north elevation northwest elevation west elevation view from north view from northeast
GREENLANDDALIANEASTHARBORTOWER
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facade detail
facade detail
top of tower
GREENLANDDALIANEASTHARBORTOWER
waterfrontview
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GREENLANDDALIANEASTHARBORTOWER
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street view rendering
Located intheheartof the Hexi central
business district, this mixed-use development
features a two-towerurbancompositionthat
anchors thecorners of an adjacentpark.
The250-meter-tall northerntowerhouses
a256-ke y hotel above 43 floors of
Class Aoffices.
Thesoutherntowerhas ahigh-performance
glass skinonthe westand is anchored in
stoneonthe eastside. Thefacademoves in
and outin long stretches along theadjacent
majorroad.
Theofficetowerdesignprovides anefficient
central coreand panoramicvistas. With
flexible12-to13-meterleasespans, a
minimal super-columnstructu ral system,
efficientelevatorserviceand column-free
corneroffices, thespacewas designed to
attractm ultinational corporations from
across Asia.
Thedesignplaced thedevelopmentwithin
anexisting masterplanthatprescribes the
towers locations and programs.
Withhigh-risedevelopments planned on
adjacentlots tothesouthand east, thesite
fortheserviceapartmenttowermaximizes
westernviews toward theriverand overthe
low-riseexhibitionand conventioncenter.
Thecoreat thesouthernend of theservice
apartmenttowerprovides anexclusivedrop-
off and address. Anundergroun d subway is
planned forfuturephases.
2.37 million sq. ft. / 220,000 sq. m.
Height: 820 feet / 250 meters
60 stories
Design completion: 2008
tall
buildin
gs
Hexi CBD Mixed-Use DevelopmentNanjing, China
1
0
15
30
60
150m
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HEXI
CBDMIXED
USEDE
VEL
OPMENT
6
6
5
3
4
2
site plan
section
1 office
2 hotel
3 dining
4 residential
5 cinema
6 drop-off
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HEXI
CBDMIXED
USEDE
VEL
OPMENT
plaza building details
retail interior
aerial
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HEXI
CBDMIXED
USEDE
VEL
OPMENT
.
.
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parti diagrams
harbor wall frame green water
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v iew from southwest
Nestled betweentwoplanned condominium
towers onthesoutherncoastof Istanbul, the
designwas fora confidential high-end resort
along theSeaof Marmarajusteast of Ataturk
International Airport. Theproperty forms
thecenterpieceof a40-building residential
masterplanalong theBosphorus.
Thetwo-building programincludes a 120-key,
five-starhotel withbanquetfacilities, a
spa/ fitness centerand 150 extended-stay
hotel rooms.
Referencing thetradition al relationship of
thewaters edgein Turkisharchitecture, the
paired towers createawaterfrontgateway
and destinationthatwelcomes travelers who
will visittheresortvia boatorcar.
Together, thebuildings express thea nalogy
of two dancers embracing, withthe
traditional hotel integrating morestone into
thefacadeand theextended-stay hotel
featuring moretra nsparency.
Culturally relevant materials combine with
contemporary shapes toform amodern,
environmentally sustainable property. A
systemof solarshades and a window wall
createadynamic, three-dimensional facade
thatprovides ahighlevel of visibility while
minimizing solargain. Adouble-wall system
accommodates balconies betweenthewalls.
Open-airpublicspaces and deep-cut
balconies withgardens purposefully blurthe
distinctionbetweenindoors and outdoors,
allowing guests tofully experiencethe
magicof Istanbul.
430,000 sq. ft. / 40,000 sq. m.
Height: 312 feet / 95 meters
24 stories
Competition: 2011
Hotel Competition for Confidential ClientIstanbul, Turkey
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HOTELCOMPETITION
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2 extended-stay hotel entry
3 deluxe hotel visitor / event entry
4 deluxe hotel guest main entry
5 below-grade parking access / egress
6 deluxe hotel terrace / veranda
7 extended-stay hotel terrace
8 marina
site plan
south elevation
1 deluxe hotel entrance salon
2 extended-stay hotel lobby
3 extended-stay hotel lounge
4 deluxe hotel lobby
5 pool / spa / outdoor amenities
ground level floor plan
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street view
Simple, bold and expressive, IJ-Torenis the
tallestbuilding in central Amsterdamand a
landmarkonthecity skyline.
AdjacenttotheOld Harborand theHOK-
designed PassengerTerminal Amsterdam,
thebuilding is anchored in its surroundings
whilemaintaining thegrand scaleof theurban
townscape. Itsymbolizes theregenerationof
thecitys EasternDocklands area.
Thedesignconceptwas based onthe
creationof atimeless form. The rectilinear
formprovides a counterpointtoPassenger
Terminal Amsterdams curving roof.
Thebuilding scaleis enhanced by a bold,
orthogonal grid overlaid on acurtainwall
featuring fourty pes of glazing: clear, ceramic
frit, translucentand opaquewhiteglass.
Moving around the tower, each orientation
combines glass in differentways to respond
tothecalculated level of solargain. Subtle
variations inlightand texturearevisibleat
nightand during theday.
Atall, glazed cornerentrancegives people
views intothe building, including its rising
escalators and lobby withgen erous skylights.
Eachpartof the building, including thecore
and thebay window overlooking the river, is
differentiated, giving thetoweran iconiclook.
Thefloorplateallows fortraditional cellular
offices, as well as open-planand team
environments. This configuration, combined
withth eNethe rlands' prescribed narrow
core-to-glass dimension, invites daylightinto
all areas and offers spectacular views tothe
city center.
IJ-Torenis partof an urbanregeneration
projectthatfocuses onthecitys old docks.
HOKalsodeveloped themasterplanforthe
largerEasternDocklands project.
354,000 sq. ft. / 32,900 sq. m.
Height: 262 feet / 80 meters
19 stories
Completion: 2002
tallbuildings
IJ-TorenAmsterdam, Netherlands
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IJTOREN
facade
detail sectionswest elevation
facade
entrance+tower
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IJTOREN
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aerial
As alandmarkbuilding inthe new KuwaitCity
skyline, this 48-story office and hotel tower
anchors themostprominentcornerof the
Al Sharq district. Its refined, yetmas sive,
vertical proportions display sculptured layers
of glass and stone.
Intheurban scale, thestructuremarks its
immediatesurroundings withthe"pointtower"
anchored by afou r-story podiumembellished
withlavishplazas, auniqueshaded plazaand
amu lti-level glass atrium.
Thetowershapeand orientationdiffuse
northernlightand minimizesolargainwhile
taking advantageof thestriking Gulf Coast
views. Thehotel and officecomponents are
stacked tocreatethetallest, mostefficient
mixed-useconfiguration.
Withits elongated floorplan, thetowercan
appeareithertall and slenderormassiveand
wide, depending ontheanglefrom whichit
is viewed. Orienting thetower's solid coreto
thesouthreduces solargains by acting as a
shading elementa nd providing thermal mass.
Inthefour-story podium, themajorretail area
and hotel amenities areorganized around a
luxurious atrium.
Thehotel drop-off and plazafeaturea
cascading waterfeature, water jets and lush
palmtrees.
869,700 million sq. ft. / 80,800 sq. m.
Height: 880 feet / 268 meters
48 stories
Design completion: 2007
tallbuildings
Intercontinental Mixed-Use TowerKuwait City, Kuwait
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INTERCONTINENTALMIXEDUSETOWER
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west elevation
site plan
typical hotel floor plan typical office floor plan
north elevation
1 office lobby
2 hotel lobby
3 retail mall
4 retail
5 restaurant
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INTERCONTINENTALMIXEDUSETOWER
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facade
Positioning Singaporeas one of Asias high-
techleaders, this landmarkcivicbuilding the
tallestintheregion was thefirstphaseof
Jurong TownCorporations masterplanfor
theJurong East district.
JTC is a local governmentauthority in
Singaporededicated tothedevelopmentof
technology parks and community-centered
industries. Its headquarters design
establishes a"town hall"fortheregion,
providing thefirstinterfacebetweenthe
community and local government.
Thedesignfeatures a contemporary
interpretation of traditional Singaporean
features sucha s layered verandas, slatted
screens, courtyards and sunshades. The
open, transparentenvironmenthelps break
downthegovernments traditional civicface.
Thetowerfacadeis clad ina strong-back
curtain wall system incorporating granites,
glass and aluminumpanels. The double-
glazed curtainwall features low-Ecoa ting on
all visionglass areas, and integral sunshade
devices arebuiltintothefacadepanels. A
top-floor viewing gallery and observationdeck
offerpanoramicviews of the surrounding
high-tech commercial district.
Acombinationof superformed curved
aluminumfins and hand-setgranitepanels
atthepodiumlevels complementanentry
wall composed of four-meter-widecleargl ass
panels. Theatriumroof systemis builton a
series of prismaticsteel trusses spannin g 30
meters across theterraced floors below.
Thepodium alayered, interlocking cylinder
featuring afour-story skylight emphasizes
transparency and light. Visitors enter the
areathrougharich facadeof louvered
screens and landscaped transitional spaces
beforeapproaching thecore a terraced
atrium thatre inforces Singapores reputation
as Asias "GardenCity."Thespacealso
includes a300-seattheaterforpublic
performances, ahealth club, staff facilities
and an800-seatdining area.
645,800 sq. ft. / 60,000 sq. m.
Height: 361 feet / 110 meters
32 stories
Completion: 2000
tallbuildings
Jurong Town Corporation SummitJurong East, Singapore
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JURONGTOWNCORPORATIONSUMMIT
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ground floor plan
elevation sun shades
1 main atrium
2 public lobby
3 customer service
4 retail
5 office
6 loading dock
mainentrance
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daytime street view
JURONGTOWNCORPORATIONSUMMIT
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
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street view rendering
This 72-story mixed-usetower, thetallest
structureinVietnam, is located withinthe
burgeoning CauGiay districtwestof Hanoi.
Thebuilding houses offices, afive-star
InterContinental Hotel, Calidas Hotel, retail
and entertainment attractions, clinics and a
convention center.
Thetoweranchors a vibrantdevelopmentthat
includes two50-stor y residential buildings
withatotal of 922 upscaleapartments.
Inspired by the regions geological formations
and richshipbuilding history, the buildings
integrateglass, stone and screens toform
contextual textures and patterns.
Extensiveuseof dark, reflectiveglass
maximizes views whilecontrolling significant
heatgainfromthe subtropical climate.
Theuppersectionof thetowerfacade
features agradientfritpatternon theglass,
providing a dramaticlanterneffectatnight. A
top-floor observatory offers panoramic views
of Hanoi and features an artgallery, cinema
and otheruniquespaces.
Thetowers simplecurvilinearfloorplate
provides flexibility tosupportdiverseoffice
and hotel functions.
Apodiumconnecting the buildings
features signatureretail and entertainment
attractions, including a ParksonDepartment
Storeand theLotteCinema.
6.56 million sq. ft. / 609,673 sq. m.
Height: 1,150 feet / 350 meters
72 stories
Completion: 2011
tallbuildings
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark TowerHanoi, Vietnam
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KEANGNAMHANOILANDMARKTOWER
1 office tower
2 residential tower
3 plaza
1 office tower
2 residential tower
3 green roof
site plan level 6 floor plan
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KEANGNAMHANOILANDMARKTOWER
model elevation
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KEANGNAMHANOILANDMARKTOWER
193Lotte Mooselon TowerSeoul, South Korea
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aerial rendering
As partof amasterplanned siteadjacentto
theriverfrontLotteWorld amusementand
retail center, this super-tall mixed-use project
includes office, hotel and residential suites, an
observationdeckand restaurants.
Thedesignreinterprets thetraditions of
Seoul's lower-scale historic buildings into
avertical expressionthatfits its context.
Theideaof folded paperorskin wrapping
astructural form ametaphorforthe
intricateceremonial wrapping of aKoreangift
guides the exteriorenvelopedesignand
suggests thegestureof presenting this tower
as agifttothe city.
LotteGroup offices occupy thebottomhalf of
thetapered tower, withhotel rooms filling the
center floors and residential and observation
spacecompleting theupperfloors.
Thetowerrises abovea podiumthathouses
acasino, banquetrooms, meeting rooms and
afitness center. Below-gradeparking and
various retail shops and concession facilities
alsoareplanned.
The integrated structural design includes a
perimeter diagonal-braced frame, tapered
shaftwithlargecentral openings and
minimized upper towermovem ent, yielding
alighter-weighttonnagecost. Primary
mechanical systems arevertically organized
throughoutthetower.
Theeast-westorientationof thetowers
long elevations maximizes opportunities for
daylighta nd wind harvesting. The intelligent
skinintegrates photovoltaicpanels.
2.5 million sq. ft. / 232,300 sq. m.
Height: 1,919 feet / 585 meters
130 stories
Competition: 2005
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LOTTEMOOSELONTOWER
site plan model
main lobby plan
fitness center plan
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mid-rise office plan
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LOTTEMOOSELONTOWER
199535 Mission Street
San Francisco, California, USA
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street view rendering
Theslender urbanform of this Class Aoffice
towerwill transformtheSouth of Market
(SoMa)district of SanFrancisco.
Tapered facadecorners and asculptural
corniceline definethe buildings silhouette. A
double-heightground floorlobby, pedestrian
plazas and improvements along Shaw Alley
shapethe street-level experience.
Expected tobe oneof thefirstLEED Coreand
Shell Gold pre-certified officetowers in
SanFrancisco, thebuildings advanced
mechanical systems, high-performance
skinand wateruse efficiencies will promote
sustainability, occupantcomfort and
productivity. Thefacadewill featurehigh-
performanceglass thatintegrates withindoor
controls toenhanceits energy and light
transmissionperformance.
Theproject will provide3,700 squarefeet
of ground-floorretail spacetoserve building
occupants, visitors and city residents. The
building lobby includes publicly accessible
openspace thatflows intothe covered
outdoorplaza, featuring flexibleseating,
generous landscaping and anespressobar.
Theaddition of new trees and acontinuous
band of planting along Shaw Alley softens
thestreetscapeand enhances thepedestrian
environmentlinking thebuilding tothe
adjacentTransbay Terminal.
Toexpand thepublic openspace, theproject
proposes tocloseShaw Alley tovehicular
trafficduring thelunch houron weekdays.
New concretepaving inthe alley will add
pedestrianscaleand texture, establishing
visual continuity.
354,000 sq. ft. / 32,900 sq. m.
Height: 378 feet / 115 meters
27 stories
Completion: 2014
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site plan
1 lobby
2 restaurant
3 parking entry
4 loading area
MISSIONSTREET
203
/
Mongolia Democracy TowerUlaanbaatar, Mongolia
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street view rendering
Thedesignof this officetowercreates an
iconicnew landmarkforthe capital
of Mongolia.
Thesitewas oncehometoMongolian
democracy leader Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj.
Located atamajor intersectionnear
SkhbaatarSquare, the sites history and
proximity toUla anbaatars government center
demonstratethe towers relationship to the
history of democracy inMo ngolia.
This democraticheritageinspired three
elements of thedesignconcept: "of the
people,""by thepeople"and "forthepeople."
Thetriangles featured inthedesign
referencethis conceptand thenearby
mountains. They alsoreflecttheuse of
triangularforms inMongolianculture.
Twisting as it rises intotheair, thetowers
formis based on symmetry and basic
geometry, ensuring a uniqueyetstructurally
sound solution. Thebuildings triangular
planes aregeometri cally configured to
withstand seismiccon ditions and strong
winds. The twisting, rectangularfloorplates
providea column-freeinteriorenvironment.
Details suchas coppersunshades allude
toMon golias strong mining industry. The
copper-an d aluminium-clad facadewill
beenhanced as itis exposed to normal
weathering.
Withtheexoskeletonsupporting the
buildings weight, interior spaces arecarved
outtoprovidegreenspaceon upperlevels.
Combined witha publicpodiumand asunken
plaza, thesetwosky gardens help createa
dynamicdestinationforcommerce.
Attheplazalevel, astatueand thefacadeof a
one-story building pay homagetothe homeof
Mongolias fatherof democracy.
721,000 sq. ft. / 67,000 sq. m.
Height: 656 feet / 200 meters
42 stories
Design completion: 2009
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MONGOLIADEMOCRACYTOWER
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plaza rendering elevationlevel 1 floor plan
5 office
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concrete core
secondary steelstructural members
sky garden
public overlook
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MONGOLIADEMOCRACYTOWER
primary steelstructural members
concrete slabs
public atrium
sky garden
steel structural skin section concrete core concrete slabs secondary steelstructural members
primary steelstructural members
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MONGOLIADEMOCRACYTOWER
211
tallb
This pairof 75-story mixed-usebuildings will
enliventhedenseMoscowCity sectionof
thetra ditional gardens of theold city to
enhancetheconnectiontonaturefor office
3.76 million sq. ft. / 350,000 sq. m.
Moscow City Plots 17 + 18Moscow, Russia
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buildings
aerial rendering
enliventhedenseMoscow City sectionof
downtownMoscow.
Lightstoneand glass cladding distinguish
theseofficeand residential towers fromthe
nearby extruded glass towers.
Careful considerationof theclimate, window-
to-wall ratioand optimized daylightha rvesting
is embedded inthe exteriorwall envelope
design and vertical stone-to-glass expression
of this intelligent building. Parametric
modeling guided thedevelopmentand unique
tuning of eachfacadeto maximizenatural light
whilemaintaining thermal comfortand views.
Thetowers establishanew gardendestination
withinthedenseurbancontext, reinterpreting
enhancetheconnectiontonaturefor office
workers, residents and visitors.
Capped by aroof garden, thepodiumincludes
aretail mall withanexpansiveatriumthat
brings lighttothe centerof thespaceand
converts intoanexteriorspaceduring warm-
weathermonths.
Alarge, south-facing entranceplazaforms
theprimary visitorand pedestrianarrival
address. Aseries of glass and stonetwo-
story retail shops anchors this space.
HOKwas awarded the projectafterwinning
aninternational designcompetition.
Height: 919 feet / 280 meters
75 stories
Completion: 2017
213
elevations
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retail
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theater
retailparking
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elevatorstop
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r il
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OSCOWCITYPLOTS
tower level plans podium terrace level planground level plan
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SCOWCITYPLOTS
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This premiermixed-usedevelopmentcreates
avibrantdestinationand landmarkwithin
Nanjings Hexi NewTownarea district.
Thestructureintegrates commercial offices,
retail exhibitiona nd trading space, and a
five-starhotel.
6.46 million sq. ft. / 650,000 sq. m.
Height: 1,634 feet / 498 meters
tallbuil
Nanjing Financial CenterNanjing, China
SITE
CBD
&City
Cente
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Futur
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ent
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aerial
Nanjing s Hexi New Townarea district.
Office, hospitality and retail functions
convergeinthis world-class additionto
thecitys emerging skyline. The structure
advances modern, timeless and sustainable
solutions, forming aneasily accessiblehub for
international business.
Focused onthe financial services sector,
thebuilding is avital componentof an
ambitious masterplanforNanjings ongoing
urbanizationand growthas itexpands south
and westof thehistoriccenteralong the
banks of theYangtzeRiver.
Thedevelopmentis adjacenttothecentral
business districtand a greenbelttothe
north, JiangshanRoad tothesouth, NanjingExhibitionCenterto thewestand ahigh-end
residential developmenttothe east.
five starhotel.
Thecentral plazais framed by a bold
second-level financial concoursethat
provides pedestrianconnectivity ina dynamic
publicen vironment of restaurants, galleries
and cafs.
As thetowermeets thesky, an observation
deckbecomes apublicliving roomforthecity
of Nanjing. Adramatic, sloped skylight, glass
walls and viewing bridges create transparent
spacethatcelebrates thecitys grandeur.
Height: 1,634 feet / 498 meters
103 stories
Completion: 2018
ldings
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zone 7 floor plan
zone 8observation deck
zone 7hotel
zone 6office
zone 5office
zone 4office
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ING
FINANCIALCENTER
aerial zone 1 floor plan sectional perspective
zone 5 floor plan
zone 3office
zone 2office
zone 1office
Reception
221
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aerialrendering
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NG
FINANCIALCENTER
223
Thenon-uniformdesignof thesethreemixed-
usetowers challenges theKoreanmodel of
purely extruded, uniformly treated buildings.
Variations differentiate the spaces within
Housed withinathree-story base, the
commercial areas include ana rrow retail
streetthatframes internal courts thatactas
residential access points. Asecondary big
1.9 million sq. ft. / 184,400 sq. m.
Tower 1:
Height: 570 feet / 174 meters
New Songdo City Mixed-Use Block D23Incheon, South Korea
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v iew from central park
p
theoverall sitedesignand allow sustainable
concepts tobeexpressed inthedesign.
The sites residential and commercial
elements functionlargely independento f each
other. Theiroccasional connections enhance
thesites relationship withthe city.
Sited tomaximizeavailablebuilding area, the
buildings south-facing glazed areas minimize
thelengthof the east-and west-facing
elevations to avoid heavy solargains.
p y g
boxretail areais sequestered tooneside
of thesite.
Acanal walkbisects the internal court,
extending theurban axis and providing access
tothespace. Outsidethe retail area, the
sites corners providepublicspaceforart
and community gathering. Theparks border
creates adeeperstreetedgeand retail walk
thata ccommodates seating, restaurant
overflow and otheroutdoorretail functions.
g /
50 stories
Tower 2:
Height: 534 feet / 163 meters
45 stories
Tower 3:
Height: 534 feet / 163 meters
45 stories
Completion: 2011
ngs
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NEWSO
1 residential tower
2 commercial buildings
3 central landscape court
site plan
1 retail
2 tower lobby
level 2 floor plan
1
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NGDOCITYMIXEDUSEBLOCKD
p
4 canal walk
typical residential floor plan
section
227view from park residential green roof
parksideretailelevation
NEWSON
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unit mix concept diagram view of towers
NGDOCITYMIXEDUSEBLOCKD
229
waterfrontview
NEWSONG
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GDOCITYMIXEDUSEBLOCKD
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tallbuildings
Locatedonthe northernedgeofNewSongdo
CitysCentralPark,BlockD22formsagateway
toneighborhoodsinthecitysnortherndistrict.
Thecomplex featuresthree 50-storyresidential
Landscapedcourtsalongtheblockminimize
retailandtowerfootprints.Roofgardenson
eachofthelow-risebuildingsareaccessible
fromthe residentialtowers. Irrigatedthrough
graywaterharvesting, theseroof gardens
2.2 million sq. ft. / 204,900 sq. m.
Height: 574 feet / 175 meters
50 stories
New Songdo City Mixed-Use Residential Block D22Incheon, South Korea
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tower facade
towersrisingaboveanurbanstreetedgeof
three-storycommercial andretail space.Within
thethreetowersare729residentialunits.
Theresidentialtowerstakeadvantageof
southernexpos ure,with thewoven, lattice-like
facadesof glassandaluminumproviding
distinctinteriorspacesandviewsforeach
unit.Thehigh-performancefacadeenablesthe
buildingto exceedASHRAE 90.1standards
anddeliversnaturallightto95percentof
indoorspaces.
reducetheheatislandeffect.
Designedasthreesculpturalforms,thetowers
distinctivebasket-weavefacade relatesto the
communitysart districtlocatedat Central
ParkSouth.
Completion: 2010
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DOCITYMIXED-USERESIDENTIALBLOC
KD22
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site plan
1 residential tower
2 retail
3 canal / boardwalk
4 public open space
5 private auto court
study model
235
1 unit 1 (2,562 sq.ft.)
2 unit 2 (1,388 sq.ft.)
3 unit 3 (1,530 sq.ft.)
4 unit 4 (1,637 sq.ft.)
5 unit 5 (2,455 sq.ft.)
5 1
4 3
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typical floor plan a
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2 unit 2 (1,388 sq.ft.)
3 unit 3 (1,530 sq.ft.)
4 unit 4 (1,637 sq.ft.)
5 unit 5 (2,455 sq.ft.)
4 3
2
west elevation section curtain wall study
OCITYMIXED-USERESIDENTIALBLOCKD22
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view from road
view from tower base
OCITYMIXED-USERESIDENTIALBLOCKD22
239
TheArraji Towerpunctuates this masterplan
forthefirst RiyadhFinancial District. This
plandefines thecity's firstconceptfora new
financial centerfocused atRiyadhs futureas
anew centerforfinance intheMiddleEast.
Theplanis conceived as a dense, new urban
environmentandas avibrant mixed-use
As a transparent, accessibleand highly
energy-efficientstructurein thedesert,
thetoweris designed toserveas an
iconic representation of Saudi Arabia's
promising future.
Theteamdesignedtwotowerschemes
double-skinsystemthatreduces solargain
and creates terraceand facadeservicespace
within. This internal spacealsofunctions as a
chimney, cooling the enclosure, drawing inair
throughits terracegardens and washing the
skinwithconvectivecooling.
13.45 million sq. ft. / 1.25 million sq. m.
Height: 575 feet / 175 meters
40 stories
Design completion: 2005
tallbuildings
Riyadh