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Homework Bell Ringer
►What was the title of the character Jafar in the Disney production of Aladdin?
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The Muslim Empires
“The Gunpowder Empires”
1450-1800
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Reminders of the Early Islamic Empires
►Religion created by Prophet Muhammad in 622 AD.
►After death – succession issue – two sects of Islam – Sunni and Shiite created
►Early Empires spread Islam through jihads across North Africa into southern Europe
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©20
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Abbasid borders threatened in East – hire Seljuks to protect
them (oops)
©20
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Crusades – start 1095
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Rise of the Ottoman Turks ► Late 13th century:
Northwest corner of the Anatolian Peninsula
►Expanded westward and eventually controlled the Bosporus and the Dardanelles
►By 14th century, expanded into
Balkans
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Rise of the Ottoman Turks
►Ottoman rulers claim the title of sultan
►Began to build a strong military with elite guards called janissaries
+►Knowledge of firearms and
mastering of technology =
►Begin to spread Ottoman control in the Balkans
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Expansion of the Empire
►The Fall of Constantinople 1453 - Fall of
Byzantine Empire
►New Ottoman Capital at Constantinople
(later named Istanbul)
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Expansion of the Empire
►Western Asia and Africa 1514-1517: Sultan Selim
I took control of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Arabia►Declared himself the new
caliph (defender of the faith and successor to Muhammad)
Administered regions through local rulers: pashas were appointed to collect taxes, maintain law, and be responsible to the sultan’s court
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Suleyman I “The Magnificent”1520
►Europe Conquered most
of Hungary, moved into Austria, and advanced as far as Vienna, where they were finally defeated in 1529
Extended power into Mediterranean until defeat by the Spanish Philip II at the Battle of Lepanto (1571)
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The Nature of Ottoman Rule
►Head of Empire: Sultan supreme authority in both a political and
military sense Position was hereditary Elite guard: janissaries
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The Nature of Ottoman Rule
► Istanbul was center of power Administrative purposes Private residence
►harem (sacred place)►Controlled bureaucracy through an imperial
council Chief minister: grand vizier
►Empire was divided into provinces and districts, each governed by officials
Where have I heard of the term “vizier”
before? hmm
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Ottoman Society Sultan
Ruling Class
Merchants
Artisans
Peasants
Pastoral People
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Ottoman Women
Subject to same restrictions as women in other Muslim societies
Harem Position was somewhat better More tolerant in defining legal position of women
Allowed to own and inherit property Could not be forced into marriage Certain cases, permitted a divorce Could gain considerable power within the palace
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Problems in the Ottoman Empire
1490s – Explorers were trying to cut the Ottomans out of global trade.
Beginning of 1600s: internal disintegration ►Sultans less involved in government = allowed
ministers to exercise more power►Central bureaucracy lost links with rural areas
= corruption and taxes rose ►Constant wars = depleted treasury ►Westernization
1699: began to lose territory
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Ottoman Art
► Greatest contribution: Architecture Mosques
► Flourishing of textiles and rugs
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Decline of Ottoman Empire
Sick Man Of Europe
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Jan. 2015
Which statement best describes an effect of the westward expansion of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent?
(1) Wealthy citizens adopted Russian dress.(2) Islam became a major religion in the Balkans.(3) Trade was disrupted throughout the Indian Ocean.(4) Janissaries were stripped of their military power.
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Aug 2014
Which geographic region made up much of the Ottoman Empire?
(1) Scandinavia(2) Iberian Peninsula(3) Indian Subcontinent(4) eastern Mediterranean Basin