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HONORS BIOLOGYCHAPTER ONE:
Biology: Exploring Life
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Biology
• The Scientific Study of Life
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Characteristics of Life• An organism must have all seven of these in order to
be considered as living.
• 1. Order
• 2. Reproduction
• 3. Growth and development
• 4. Energy Processing
• 5. Respond to the Environment
• 6. Regulation
• 7. Evolutionary adaptation
Characteristics of Life youtube5:24
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1. ORDERLiving things are made of cells
• These units help to organize their materials.
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Examples of CellsNerve cell
Red blood cell
Fat cell
Egg and sperm
Cheek cell
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2. REPRODUCTION
• Why is this so important?
• How do plants reproduce?
• How do animals reproduce?
pollen
Egg and sperm
Euglena separate
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Types of Reproduction Asexual/Sexual Reproduction Animation
• Sexual Reproduction• Two parents unite to
form a new organism
• Asexual Reproduction
• A single parent divides itself two produce offspring
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3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTLiving things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA).
• All living things have the same bases (A, T, C, G) in their DNA-they are just in different order
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• Each organism has a pattern of growth and development characteristic of its species.
• Tadpole + Flatfish metamorphosis
• Crecropia Moth Life Cycle Video
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4. ENERGY PROCESSING
• Organisms take in energy and transform it to perform all of life’s activities.
-metabolism (burn food)
-photosynthesis (make food)
Cellular Respiration-Pearson (4:29)
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5. RESPOND TO THE ENVIRONMENT
• All organisms respond to environmental stimuli.
• YouTube - Venus flytrap eating a spider
• Bozeman Response to Environment
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Stimulus-Response
• A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds.
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6. REGULATIONLiving Things Maintain a Stable
Internal Environment• The environment may change, but
regulatory mechanisms maintain an organisms’ internal environments within limits that sustain life.
Sunbathing lemur on a cool morning
Homeostasis-ability of an organism to maintain stability
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7. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION
Taken as a group, living things change over time.
Adaptations evolve to allow greater reproductive success
• Homer Simpson Evolution
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Characteristics of Life Activity
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1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION
Biosphere All environments on earth that support life (all earth living and areas around)
Ecosystem All living organisms and nonliving in a particular area
Community All living organisms in an ecosystem
Population All individuals of one species living in one area
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1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)
Organism An individual (one) living thing
Organ system
Several organs that cooperate for a specific function
Organ Made of several tissues to perform a specific function
Tissue Made of several cells that perform a particular function
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1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)
Cell Fundamental unit of life
Organelle Membrane-enclosed structure that performs a specific function in a cell
Molecule Cluster of atoms held by chemical bonds
Atom Basic unit of matter
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PUT IN ORDER LARGEST TO SMALLEST
• Biosphere
• Ecosystem
• Community
• Population
• Organism
• Organ Systems
• Organs
• Tissues
• Cells
• Organelle
• Molecules
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Go to Levels of Life PicturesPower Point
(then back here to activity)
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Name the Level of Organization
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HONORS BIOLOGY VOCABULARY
• Inference = logical interpretation of the situation (may involve experiences and judgments)
• Observation = using your senses (and tools) to gather information
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What’s the Difference?
SCIENCE • An approach on
understanding the world as it is
• Gravity
• Biology
• Physics
• geology
TECHNOLOGY• Applied scientific
knowledge for a specific purpose
• Medicine
• Computers
• Aeronautics
• Bioengineering
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Inference or Observation?
• 1. The person in the front of the room is the teacher.
• 2. There are 25 students in the room.
• 3. The crickets like to eat lettuce.
• 4. 8/12 crickets were found at the lettuce in a 2 minute period.
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ADD “Emergent Properties”
• What does it mean that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?”
• How is a person different than just its blood or its muscles?
• How is population of people in Hudson different than just one person (you)?
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EXAMPLES
BEE HIVE
• One bee does limited jobs, but together they get the hive and honey made.
Bicycle Parts
• Whole Bicycle
DroneQueenWorker
You can get a lot farther with it put together
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1.3 Cells are the structural and functional units of life
• A cell is the lowest level that can have all the properties of life.
• UNICELLULAR – an organism that consists of only one cell EX: bacteria
• MULTICELLULAR – an organisms that consists of more than one cell
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• Prokaryotic Cells – have no nucleus bound in a membrane EX: bacteria
• -smaller• First to evolve (3.7 bya)
• Eukaryotic Cells – have a nucleus bound in a membrane
• EX: nerve cell, plant cell, paramecium
• -larger cells• -evolved around 2.1 bya• How did the evolution of Life
begin? (4:16)
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• Prediction Several Proven
made from tests showed true every
observations idea to be time (no
true exception)
Ball will go Ball, rock, Law of
down off cliff + wheel go Gravity
off cliff
HYPOTHESIS THEORY LAW
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Darwin’s Ideas of Evolution• Natural Selection – Survival of the fittest
• Descent with Modification – changes from a common ancestor
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Carolus Linnaeus’ Ideas• Devised a system of binomial nomenclature
(Genus and species)• A dichotomous key is used to identify organisms;
a character divides in two each time
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1.5 Evolution, the core theme of Biology
• The unity of life is based on DNA and a common genetic code
• ALL CELLS HAVE DNA• ALL CELLS HAVE FOUR BASES THAT
MAKE UP DNA (A,T, C, G)• DNA is the molecule that makes up genes
(units of inheritance) that group to make chromosomes
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DNA is the blueprint for making proteins (pigments, enzymes,
membranes, hormones…)