Download - Honors Biology (Life and Cell Introduction)
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Unit 2
Cell Biology
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What two thing do all of these things have in common?
Explain your answer, and be prepare to defend.
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WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE ALIVE?Part 1
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Brainstorm
• List as many characteristics of living things as possible.
– Don’t “think” too much.
– Just write.
– No wrong answers.
– Try to get at least 10.
• 5 MINUTES
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Combine and Rank
• With a partner or group of three:
– Combine your brainstorms.
– Put a check mark next to the ten “best” characteristics of life.
– Be prepared to explain/defend your choice.
• 5 MINUTES
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Share
• Need three groups to share their lists.
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Similarities? Differences?
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The 9 Characteristics of Life
• Table 2.1 (page 52)
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1. Take in and convert materials and energy from the environment; release wastes.
Short answer: Living things need energy.
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2. Have a high degree of chemical organization compared to nonliving objects.
Short answer: Living things are more biochemically complex.
Shorter answer: Living things are made of cells.
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3. Have complex structural organization that is responsible for their appearance and activities.
Short answer: Living things have structures that relate to their functions.
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4. Contain coded instructions (such as DNA) for maintaining their organization and activities.
Short answer: Living things have “Universal” code.
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5. Sense and react to changes in their environment.
Short answer: Living things react to their environment.
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6. Grow and develop during some part of their lives.
Short answer: Living things grow.
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7. Reproduce others like themselves.
Short answer: Living things reproduce.
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8. Communicate with similar organisms.
Short answer: Living things communicate.
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9. Move under their own power.
Short answer: Living things move and move stuff.
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THE CELL THEORYPart 2
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Basic Units of Life
• Started in early 1800s.
• Many scientists contributed ideas.
• Led to two main parts of the CELL THEORY
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1. Cells, or products made by cells, are the units of structure and function in organisms.
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2. All cells come from preexisting cells.
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PROKARYOTES / EUKARYOTESPart 3
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Prokaryotes
• First
• Simplest
• Smaller (0.3-5 μm)
• Almost always unicellular
• EVERYWHERE
• Do not have a nucleus
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Eukaryotes
• Came after prokaryotes
• More complex
• Larger (10-50 μm)
• Can make up multicellular organisms
• Have a nucleus
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Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Structures to know:1. Plasma Membrane2. Cell Wall3. Capsule4. Nucleoid5. Plasmid6. Ribosomes7. Cytoplasm8. Flagellum
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Eukaryotic Cell StructureBasic structures:1. Plasma Membrane2. Nucleus3. Cytoskeleton
a. Microtubulesb. Microfilaments
4. Lysosome (a)5. Centrioles (a)6. Cell Wall (p)7. Mitochondrion8. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
a. Smoothb. Rough
9. Golgi apparatus10. Cytosol / Cytoplasm11. Chloroplast (p)
a = Animal Onlyp = Plant Only