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How Do Muscles How Do Muscles Work?Work?
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Types of Movement.
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Flexion:Flexion:
• The decreasing of an angle between bones.
• One of the bones of the joint moves towards the other bone.
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Extension:Extension:
• The opposite action to flexion.
• When the angle is increased between two bones.
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Abduction:Abduction:
• The movement of a limb or bone awayaway from the body.
• HINT – Abduction = to take away.
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Adduction:Adduction:
• The movement of a limb or bone towardstowards the body.
• HINT - Adduction = to add to the body.
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Rotation:Rotation:
• A turning movement around a central point.
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Circumduction:Circumduction:
• A movement which causes part of the body to form a complete circle.
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Muscles move by Muscles move by contracting.contracting.
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What happens when muscles contract?contract?
A muscle has to pullpull for contraction to occur.
The muscle pulls on the bonepulls on the bone to make it move
Muscles cannot pushcannot push to make movement happen.
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Muscles work in pairs.Muscles work in pairs.
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The working muscles.
This is the muscle that contracts to allow movement.
The relaxing muscles.When one muscle contracts, another
relaxes to allow the movement to occur.
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Muscles work in pairs.
E.g - The arm:
A flexed arm
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How are muscles attached How are muscles attached to bones?to bones?
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Via TendonsTendons..
Tendons join the voluntary muscles to the skeleton.
When the muscle contracts, the tendon pulls on the bone it is attached to and moves the bone.
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Where do they attach?
Each muscle has an ORIGIN and an INSERTION.
The origin is where the tendon of a muscle is anchored to a fixed point on the skeleton.
The insertion is where the tendon is attached to the bone we want to move.
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E.g – Biceps & triceps action:
Origin of bicep –
1. The top of the scapula
2. The glenoid cavity (in the shoulder).
Insertion of bicep –
1. Near the elbow, in the radius.
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Turn to page 26 in your text books.
Use it to help you label the origin, insertion & muscles on the diagrams.
Stick these in your work books underneath the definitions of a tendon, origin & insertion.
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Get out your planners.
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To complete the sheet about muscles, how they move & how they are attached.
To be completed over the xmas holidays & brought into the 1st lesson back.
Don’t forget – a quick test that 1st lesson – so use it to help with revision!