Download - How the Internet Works
![Page 1: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2The Internet and World Wide Web
![Page 2: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Internet
• What are some services found on the Internet?
Fig. 2-1
![Page 3: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Internet - Origins
• 4 hosts ……. Millions of hosts
p. 50
Goal:To function if
part of network were disabled
Became functional
September 1969
ARPANET
Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA)Goal:
To allow scientists at different
locations to share information
![Page 4: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Internet
• Who controls the Internet?
–No one — it is a public, cooperative, andindependent network
–Several organizations set standards
p. 51
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines
![Page 5: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
High-speed connection
High-speed connection
Slow-speed technology
Slow-speed technology
How the Internet Works• How can you connect to the Internet?
p. 51
Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a
standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a
standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,fixed wireless, and satellite modems
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,fixed wireless, and satellite modems
Connection is always on—whenever the computer
is running
Connection is always on—whenever the computer
is running
Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive
Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive
![Page 6: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How the Internet Works
• What are ways to access the Internet?
– ISP, regional or national
–OSP (AOL and MSN, for example)
–Wireless Internet Service Provider
p. 52 Next
![Page 7: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How Data Travels over the Internet
![Page 8: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IP Addresses and Domain Names
• Domain name = “text version” of Internet protocol (IP) address
• IP Address uniquely identifies
each computer or device connected to Internet
Figs. 2-3
![Page 9: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Top-Level Domain Names
Figs. 2-4
![Page 10: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The World Wide Web
p. 54
A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Each electronic document is called a Web page
Also called the Web
Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
![Page 11: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The World Wide Web – Web Browsers
• Firefox
• Internet Explorer
• (Netscape)
![Page 12: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The World Wide Web
• Home page?
– The first page that a Web site displays
–Second interpretation
• Downloading?
– The process of a computer receiving information
–Depending upon connection speed, downloading can take from a few seconds to several minutes
p. 55 Next
![Page 13: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The World Wide Web - URL• Unique address for a Web page
Fig. 2-6
![Page 14: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The World Wide Web - Hyperlinks
• A link can be text or an image
• Text links are usually underlinedand in a differentcolor
Fig. 2-7
![Page 15: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The World Wide Web – Search Engines
• Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text
Hits
Fig. 2-8
![Page 16: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The World Wide Web – Subject Directory
• Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics
![Page 17: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The World Wide Web – Types of Web Sites
• Portal
• News
• Informational
• Business/Marketing
• Educational
• Entertainment
• Advocacy
• Blog
• Wiki
• Online Social Networks
• Content Aggregator
• Personal
p. 61
![Page 18: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The World Wide Web
• Guidelines for evaluating the value of a Web site?
Fig. 2-12
![Page 19: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The World Wide Web - Multimedia
• Text with other media elements
–Graphics• Gif/jpeg• thumbnails
–Animation
–Audio
–Video
–Virtual reality
p. 64 Fig. 2-13
![Page 20: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The World Wide Web - Audio
• Music, speech, or any other sound
• Common Web audio file formats are AA, AAC, AIFF, ASF, MP3, WAV, WMA, RA, and QT
• Once downloaded, you can play (listen to) the contents of the files
p. 64 - 65 Fig. 2-14 Next
![Page 21: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The World Wide Web - Streaming Audio
• Transfers data in a continuous and even flow
• Enables you to listen to the sound as it downloads to your computer
• Radio stations use streaming audio to broadcast over the Web
p. 64
![Page 22: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The World Wide Web - Video
• Consists of full-motion images with soundplayed back at various speeds
• MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) is popular video compressionstandard
p. 65
![Page 23: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The World Wide Web – Virtual Reality
• Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment
• Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space
• Used for games and many practical applications
p. 65
![Page 24: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The World Wide Web – Plug-ins
• Programs that extend the capability of a browser
• You can download many plug-ins at nocost from variousWeb sites
p. 66 Fig. 2-15
![Page 25: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Web Publishing
• Development and maintenance of Web pages
Fig. 2-16
![Page 26: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Business to business (B2B)Business providing goods and
services to other businesses
Consumer to consumer (C2C)One consumer sells directly to another
E-Commerce
p. 67 Fig.
Business to consumer (B2C)Sale of goods to general public
![Page 27: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Other Internet Services – E-mail
• E-mail address
–Unique name that consists of a user name and domain name that identifies the user
• E-mail programs
–Microsoft Outlook
Fig. 2-19
![Page 28: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Other Internet Services – E-mail Transmission
Fig. 2-20
![Page 29: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Other Internet Services – Instant Messaging• MSN Messenger, etc.
Fig. 2-21
![Page 30: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Other Internet Services - Chat
• Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer
• Chat room is location on server that permits users to discuss topics of interest
Fig. 2-22
![Page 31: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Other Internet Services – Internet Telephony
• Enables users to speak to other users over the Internet using their computer
• Voice-over-IP (VoIP)
Fig. 2-23
![Page 32: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Other Internet Services - FTP
• File Transfer Protocol
– Internet standard that permits you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet
p. 72
![Page 33: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Other Internet Services – Newsgroups & Forums
• Newsgroup
–Online area where users discuss a particular subject
–Need News Reader
• Message board (Forum)
– Type of discussion group
p. 71 Fig. 2-21 Next
![Page 34: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Other Internet Services – Mailing List
• Group of e-mail addresses given a single name
• When a message is sent to the mailing list, everyone on the list receives the message
• To add your name to a mailing list you must subscribe to it; to remove your name you must unsubscribe
p. 73
![Page 35: How the Internet Works](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070301/5463c490af795908328b6d2f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Netiquette
Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet
p. 73
Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like them to treat you.