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12/2/2015
How to Perform Condition Assessment of Water Piping
Systems
Ahmad Habibian, Ph.D., P.E.Global Technical Strategy Leader – Conveyance
CDM Smith
VA AWWA/CSAWWA Education Fall WebinarState of Water Infrastructure, Part I
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Learning Objectives/ Agenda
1) Why do you need a condition assessment program?
2) How to establish an inspection prioritization framework?
3) How to select the right technologies for inspection?4) What are some of the available inspection
technologies?5) How to use the results of inspection? 6) How to get started?
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Why do you need a condition assessment program?
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Source: ASCE
Aging Infrastructure
Experiencing major failures
Facing shortage of funding ($$$)
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Inspection + Condition Assessment + Performance Modeling
Inspection + Condition Assessment + Performance Modeling
Asset Management Continual Life Cycle
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Set Goals and Objectives
Alternatives Evaluation and Program Optimization
Asset Inventory
Short- & Long-Range Plans (Project Selection)
Program Implementation
Performance Monitoring (Feedback)
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How to establish an inspection prioritization framework?
Pipe Size
Critical CustomerPhysical Attributes
Condition Attributes
Risk = Likelihood of Failure x Consequence of Failure
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Redundancy
Pipe LocationEnvironmental Attributes
Operational Attributes
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Likelihood of Failure Physical Attributes Age Size Material / linings / coatings
Condition Attributes Pipe condition Joint condition
Environmental Attributes Soil condition Groundwater table location
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Typical Weighting factors
Attribute Category
Weighting Factor
Physical 0.15
Condition 0.35
Environmental 0.25
Operations & Performance
0.25
Operational/performance data Pressure Fire flow / C-factor Maintenance records Breaks and leaks history
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Consequence of Failure Number of customers served by the pipe Proximity to hospitals Proximity to large users Serving business districts Road Type – Interstate, State, Local Environmental impact Potential for adverse publicity Ease of repair Redundancy Existing parallel pipe or existing loop
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Risk Allocation Matrix
< 50 50 - 75 76 - 100
Consequence ScoreLi
kelih
ood
Scor
e76
-10
050
-75
< 50
Low
Low
High
Medium
Low
High
High
Medium
Medium
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What are some of the available inspection technologies?
CONDITION ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGIES
INDIRECT METHODS
BREAK HISTORY
CORROSION MONITORING
SOIL TESTING
DIRECT METHODS
VISUAL INSPECTION
LEAK DETECTION
WALL THICKNESS MEASUREMENT
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How to select the right technologies?
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RiskLevel
Method
Low Basic Indirect Methods
Medium Indirect Methods + Basic Direct Methods
High Indirect & Direct Methods
Match inspection level with risk
Consider cost versus effectiveness and coverage
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Collect Main Break Data
11AWWA Checklist
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Soil Corrosivity
Source: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx
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High
Medium
Low
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AWWA 10-Point System for Soil Corrosively Assessment
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Potential Surveys
ρ = 2 π a (V/I)
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Direct Assessment Technologies
LEAK DETECTION
DIRECT CONDITION ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGIES
WALL THICKNESS MEASUREMENT
LDS1000
SAHARA SYSTEM
SMART BALL
ACOUSTIC MONITORING
ACOUSTIC MONITORING
GUIDED WAVE
ULTRASONIC
REMOTE FIELD TECHNOLOGY
BROADBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC
VISUAL INSPECTION
CCTV
SWIMMING CAMERA
BORESCOPE
LASER PROFILING
EXTERNAL INSPECTION
MAGNETIC FLUX
COUPON SAMPLING
GPR
INFRARED
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Guidance Resources
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Visual Inspection (Internal) Man-entry for large pipes CCTV with
shutdown/dewatering CCTV without
dewatering/shutdown SAHARA JD-7 Investigator LDS1000 Swimming ROV Mini Cameras
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Leak Detection – Acoustic Monitoring Correlators Mobile units Continuous
monitoring with data transmission by wireless technology
LeakFinder SAHARA Smart Ball Investigator LDS1000
A = C/2 + V * DT / 2
B = C/2 - V * DT / 2
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Leak Detection – Helium Injection High purity helium gas is in injected into
the live water system Helium escapes through water leaks in
the pipe wall and rises to the surface where it is measured above ground
High levels of helium above ground identify the location of the leak
A single injection of Helium gas travels a long distance throughout the water system and remains for several days allowing monitoring of long lengths of pipe
Source: Utility Service Group
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Acoustic Monitoring Provides an indication of average
wall thickness between the two measuring points, not providing location or clock position of defect
Good as a screening tool and for detecting widespread corrosion and wall loss
Non-intrusive Low cost Most effective for AC pipe due to
uniform degradation
Source: Echologics
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Ultrasonic Thickness Measurements Handheld devices Provides wall thickness
measurement at discrete point Coating & lining could
interfere with measurements Good for spot check of results Low cost
Continuous monitoring Can provide wall thickness
profile
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Remote Field Eddy Current Provides metal wall loss with
location & clock position Can negotiate bends Dewatering not needed Fast Access for large pipes can be
costly
Source: PICA
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Magnetic Flux Leakage Comprehensive inspection
tool Mostly for large diameter pipe Provides metal loss with
location & clock position Requires shut-down Requires removal of pipe
section for deploying the tool Slow Expensive
Source: Pure Technologies
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Broadband Electromagnetic External scanning requires excavation
and exposure of external surface Internal Inspection Shutdown required A section of pipe should be
completely removed to allow deployment
Slow Expensive
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what to do with the collected data?
Small diameter cast iron pipe Fails at a higher rate
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Analyze Failure Data Learn about your system
Spatial Analysis
Thermal Effects
Break Rate Analysis
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How to use the results to develop and prioritize RRR projects?
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Elements of Condition Assessment Program Organization Staffing (field, office), Budget
Information systems GIS, CMMS
Resources Equipment
Protocols Action Plan What, Where, When, Who, How, Cost?
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Organization
Program Manager
Engineer
Engineering Assistant (s)
Field Technician(s)
GIS Technician(s)
Admin Assistant
Program Manager
Engineering Assistant
GIS Technician
Field Technician
Admin Assistant
Program Manager
Field Technician
Admin Assistant
Fully Staffed Basic Bare Bone
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Action Plan Prioritized list of projects for condition assessment with
associated scope, budget & schedule In-house projects based on available in-house resources Process to retain consultants (ex: RFPs) to assist and/or
complement in-house resources Process to obtain the services of inspection providers (ex: sample
specifications and contract documents) Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
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Emergency Action Plan Retain on-call contractors Have adequate supply for pipe repair: Repair kits Spare parts Bypass pumps Clean-up kits
• Identify isolation valves in your system• Develop a valve exercising program Develop specific EAP for your very high-risk pipes
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How to get started? Identify a champion – Program Manager Establish steering committee (planning, engineering,
operation, maintenance) Develop inventory/maps Perform risk analysis Establish priorities/ action plan Implement action plan
Consider engaging a consultant to help you jump start your program
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