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HOW TO PRESENT A CASE
Dr. G. V. S. MoorthyProfessor & HOD of Orthopaedics
Osmania Medical College
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ACCENT AND ATTITUDE
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ACCENT AND ATTITUDE
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ACCENT AND ATTITUDE
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ACCENT AND ATTITUDE
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SPOKEN ENGLISH
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SPOKEN ENGLISH - ABC
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SPOKEN ENGLISH - CHINESE
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SPOKEN ENGLISH - BUTTLER
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INDIAN ENGLISH
North Indian
East Indian
South Indian
West Indian
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COMMUNICABLE ENGLISH
• CLARITY• SPACING• FLUENCY AND FLOW• AUDIBLE• SIMPLE WORDS• SINGLE SENTENCES• GRAMMATIC
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GADGETS
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GADGETS
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BROAD HEADINGS
• HISTORY• GENERAL EXAMINATION• REGIONAL EXAMINATION• PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS• INVESTIGATIONS• DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS• MANAGEMENT• PROGNOSIS
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HISTORY
• HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS• PAST HISTORY• PERSONAL HISTORY• FAMILY HISTORY• TREATMENT HISTORY• MENSTRUAL HISTORY• BIRTH HISTORY• RETROSPECTIVE HISTORY
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COMPLAINTS & PRESENT ILLNESS
• PAIN• SWELLING• DEFORMITY• DISABILITY• SHORTENING• LOSS OF FUNCTION• FEVER• TRAUMA
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PAIN
• SITE – PRESENT AND IN PAST• RADIATION• CHARACTER• SEVERITY• TIME COURSE• AGGREVATING, RELEIVING FACTORS• ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS
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PROGRESS OF SYMPTOMS
• PROGRESSIVE DETERIORATION• PROGRESSIVE BETTERMENT• AGGREVATION AND RELEIF• REMISSIONS AND RELAPSES• MODIFICATION WITH MEDICATION ETC.• DIURNAL AND SEASONAL VARIATION• REST PAIN
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GENERAL EXAMINATION
• PERIPHERAL PULSES• PERIPHERAL NERVES• SKIN PATCHES AND PIGMENTATION• LYMPHADENOPATHY• SOFT TISSUE LAXITY, SKIN TURGOR• ORGANOMEGALY• BUILT, ANAEMIA, JAUNDICE. CLUBBING ETC.
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REGIONAL EXAMINATION
• GAIT• ATTITUDE AND DEFORMITY• INSPECTION• PALPATION• (PERCUSSION AND AUSCULTATION)• MOVEMENTS• MEASUREMENTS• SPECIAL TESTS• LYMPH NODES, DISTAL N.V. STATUS• SPINE AND OTHER JOINTS
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GAIT
OBSERVED AS THE PATIENT WALKS IN TO AVOID PATIENT BIASS / RECHECKED AT THE END OF EXAMINATION
• STABLE, PAINLESS, ASYMMETRIC
• STABLE, PAINFUL
• UNSTABLE, PAINLESS
• UNSTABLE AND PAINFUL
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GAIT – SPECIFIC TYPES
• TRENDLENBERG GAIT (PAINLESS, UNSTABLE)• SHORT LIMB GAIT (PAINLESS, STABLE)• ANTALGIC GAIT (PAINFUL, STABLE)• NON WEIGHT BEARING ( PAINFUL, UNSTABLE)• HIGH STEPPING GAIT ( FOOT DROP )• WADDLING GAIT (BILATERAL PAINLESS,UNSTABLE)• STIFF HIP GAIT (PAINLESS, STABLE)• CIRCUMDUCTION GAIT (SPASTIC LOWER LIMB)• SCISCORING GAIT (SPASTICITY BOTH LEGS)• MINCING IN CHOREA, FESTINANT IN PARKINSONISM
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INSPECTION
SEE ALL SIDES:
• HOLLOWS• SWELLINGS• BONY LAND MARKS• MUSCLE SPASM AND WASTING• SKIN CREASES, SCARS, SINUSES• VESSELS
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PALPATION
• TEMPERATURE• TENDERNESS – DIRECT / INDIRECT - BONE,
JOINT, TENDON, LIGAMENT, CARTILAGE• NORMAL BONY LAND MARKS• ABNORMAL MASSES• SWELLING – ARTICULAR / EXTRA ARTICULAR –
FLUID / SOLID• VESSELS, SKIN, SOFT TISSUE, MUSCLE TONE
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MOVEMENTS
• FIXED DEFORMITIES• MOVEMENTS – ACTIVE / PASSIVE• MOVEMENTS – POSITION OF LIMB• CREPITUS, PAIN• DEVIATIONS – AXIS DEVIATION• ABNORMAL MOVEMENTS / INSTABILITY• TRANSMITTED MOVEMENTS
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MEASUREMENTS
• LENGTH• BREADTH• CIRCUMFERENCE• APPARENT AND REAL• LINES• ANGLES
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THANK YOU
• KNOWLEDGE MAKES A MAN WISE,
• PRACTICE MAKES HIM PERFECT,
• RESULTS MAKE ALL REJOICE!