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Part 2
Lost in Translation
How We GotHow We GotThe BibleThe Bible
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TransmissionTransmission
IssuesIssues
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Scott Shoemaker sent his son Isaac to
the store for a carton of milk, a box oflight bulbs, some charcoal for the grill,and a bag of apples. He gave him $30
dollars, and sent him on his way. Halfway there he saw a big cardboard boxfull of puppies, there was man selling
them for exactly $30 a puppy. Isaacreally wanted one, so instead of going tothe store he bought a dog instead.
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Determining the Original TextDetermining the Original Text
Majority Text
Critical Text
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FrankenBiblesFrankenBibles
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A Short History of the BibleA Short History of the Bible
Latin Vulgate Official Version for 1000 yrs
Renaissance / scholarship
Luther Bible 1545 Erasmus Textus Receptus (c. same time)
King James - 1611
Wyclyffe c.1348 Based on Textus Receptus
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Bible PiratesBible Pirates
of theof the
ReformationReformation
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Determining the Original TextDetermining the Original Text
Textus ReceptusAsserts that the most accuratereading is the reading which isfound in the largest number of
manuscripts.
Critical Text
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Text FamiliesText Families
Source
Copy A Copy B
Copy A1 Copy B1 Copy B1Copy B1
Copy C
Copy B1
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Determining the Original TextDetermining the Original Text
Textus ReceptusAsserts that the mostaccurate reading is thereading which is found in
the largest number ofmanuscripts.
Critical TextAsserts that the mostaccurate reading is thereading found in the
oldest and most reliablemanuscripts.
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Are there Mistakes in theAre there Mistakes in the
Bible?Bible?
Unintentional Mistakes
Intentional Mistakes
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Unintentional MistakesUnintentional Mistakes
Faulty eyesight careless inspection ofthe original
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Faulty eyesight carelessFaulty eyesight careless
inspection of the originalinspection of the original
Omission of words between repeated phrases.
"Whoever denies the Son, the same has not [the Father; he thatacknowledges the Son also has] the Father.
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Unintentional MistakesUnintentional Mistakes
Faulty eyesight careless inspection ofthe original
From similar pronunciation or incorrectspelling.
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From similar pronunciation orFrom similar pronunciation or
incorrect spellingincorrect spelling
Rev. 1:5 lousanti ("washed") and lusanti ("freed").
unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his ownblood. Rev. 1:5 KJV
to Him who loves us, and released us from our sins by His blood.Rev. 1:5 NASB
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Unintentional MistakesUnintentional Mistakes
Faulty eyesight careless inspection ofthe original
From similar pronunciation or incorrectspelling.
From errors of memory or anticipation.
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From errors of memory orFrom errors of memory or
anticipationanticipationTransposition of letters. Mark 14:65 elabon
("receive") and ebalon ("strike").
And some began to spit on him, and to cover his face, and to buffethim, and to say unto him, Prophesy: and the servants did strike himwith the palms of their hands. - Mark 14:65 KJV
And some began to spit at Him, and to blindfold Him, and to beatHim with their fists, and to say to Him, "Prophesy!" And the officersreceived Him with slaps in the face. - Mark 14:65 NASB
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Unintentional MistakesUnintentional Mistakes
Faulty eyesight careless inspection ofthe original
From similar pronunciation or incorrectspelling.
From errors of memory or anticipation.
From incorporating marginal noteswrongly taken as corrections.
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From incorporating marginal notesFrom incorporating marginal notes
wrongly taken as correctionswrongly taken as corrections
And they crucified him, and parted his garments, casting lots: that itmight be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, They parted mygarments among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots. -Mat. 27:35 KJV
And when they had crucified Him, they divided up His garmentsamong themselves, casting lots; - Mat. 27:35 NASB
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Unintentional MistakesUnintentional Mistakes
Faulty eyesight careless inspection ofthe original
From similar pronunciation or incorrect
spelling. From errors of memory or anticipation.
From incorporating marginal notes
wrongly taken as corrections. From wrongly taking marginal notes as
corrective additions.
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From wrongly taking marginal notes asFrom wrongly taking marginal notes as
corrective additionscorrective additions
Treating substitutionary corrections as additions
(conflation).
Rom. 6:12 "[in] its lusts" added after "obey it" rather than substituted for "it.
Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that yeshould obey it in the lusts thereof. - Rom. 6:12 KJV
Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body that
you should obey its lusts, - Rom. 6:12 NASB
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Intentional MistakesIntentional Mistakes
To try and make the meaning clearer.
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To try and make theTo try and make the
meaning clearermeaning clearerAdditions, omissions, and substitutions designed tosimplify or correct the grammar. Mark 7:2 "they foundfault" added to complete the sentence.
And when they saw some of his disciples eat bread with defiled, thatis to say, with unwashen, hands, they found fault. - Mark 7:2 KJV
and had seen that some of His disciples were eating their breadwith impure hands, that is, unwashed. - Mark 7:2 NASB
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Intentional MistakesIntentional Mistakes
To try and make the meaning clearer.
To Harmonize Related Passages.
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To Harmonize RelatedTo Harmonize Related
PassagesPassages
Mat. 19:17 "Why do you ask meconcerning what is good?"
"Why do you call me good?" from Mark10:18. --a very frequent kind of alteration.
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Intentional MistakesIntentional Mistakes
To try and make the meaning clearer.
To Harmonize Related Passages. To remove difficulties that would be hardto explain.
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Intentional MistakesIntentional Mistakes
To try and make the meaning clearer.
To Harmonize Related Passages.
To remove difficulties that would be hardto explain.
To emphasize or safeguard importantteachings.
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To emphasize or safeguardTo emphasize or safeguard
important teachingsimportant teachings
Luke 2:33 "Joseph" substituted for "hisfather.
And Joseph and his mother marveled at those things which werespoken of him. - Luke 2:33 KJV
And His father and mother were amazed at the things which were
being said about Him. - Luke 2:33 NASB
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To Reflect or Promote MonasticTo Reflect or Promote Monastic
CustomsCustoms
Mark 9:29 "and fasting" added after"prayer" (similarly in Acts 10:30, 1
Cor. 7:5).
29 And he said unto them, This kind can come forth bynothing, but by prayer and fasting. - Mark 9:29 KJV
29 And He said to them, "This kind cannot come out byanything but prayer. - Mark 9:29 NASB
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Translation IssuesTranslation Issues
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Communication TheoryCommunication Theory
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Communication TheoryCommunication Theory
Sender the oneencoding themessage.Sender
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Communication TheoryCommunication Theory
Receiver The onedecoding themessage.Receiver
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Communication TheoryCommunication Theory
In order to communicate the sender andthe receiver must have some degree ofcommon experience.
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Communication TheoryCommunication Theory
Sender / ReceiverSender/Receiver
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ReceiverSender
Communication TheoryCommunication Theory
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
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GODISNOWHERE
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GOD IS NOW HERE
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GOD IS NOWHERE
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
Suffer
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
And they brought young children to him,that he should touch them: and hisdisciples rebuked those that brought them.
But when Jesus saw it, he was muchdispleased, and said unto them, Sufferthe little children to come unto me, andforbid them not: for of such is the kingdom
of God.KJV. Mark 10:13-14
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
Terrific
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
Aweful
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
Artificial
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
The meaning of words can change overtime.
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
What is Light?
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
God is Light
A Feather is Light
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
The meaning of words can change over
time. Words can have more than one meaning.
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Only one person left.
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Oversight
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Do Words Have Meaning?Do Words Have Meaning?
The meaning of words can change overtime.
Words can have more than one meaning.
Words can even mean the oppositethings.
B id i th GB id i th G
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Bridging the GapBridging the Gap
Two Theories of TranslationTwo Theories of Translation
Formal Equivalence
Attempts to translate the textliterally word for word.
Dynamic Equivalence
Attempts to discern and renderthe thought of the original.
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The BreakdownThe Breakdown
Formal Equivalence
KJV
NASB
RSV
Dynamic Equivalence
NLT
NIV *
NRSV *
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Part 2
Lost in Translation
How We GotHow We GotThe BibleThe Bible