Download - HPRINTOUR - Motivation in tourism
MOTIVATION IN TOURISMHPRINTOUR
COMPILED WORKS OF DR. R. LIM, MR. R. MANZANO, & MR. B. SANTOS
PRESENTED BY MERVYN MAICO D. ALDANA, FACULTY CHTM
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
1. EACH COMPONENT IS TOTALLY DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER AS WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF THE
OTHER COMPONENT IT WILL NOT SURVIVE.
EXAMPLE – WITHOUT THE ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION, THE DESTINATION IS LIKELY NOT TO
PROPEL INTO A POPULAR DESTINATION.
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
2. THE ENTIRE TOURISM INDUSTRY IS PEOPLE ORIENTED AS IT REQUIRES MORE PEOPLE TO BE ABLE
TO SERVICE ONE TOURIST.
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
3. THE EFFECTS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE BOTH PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL.
WHATEVER IS THE EXPERIENCE OF THE TOURIST, BE IT UGLY OR GOOD, IT WILL REMAIN IN HIS/HER
MEMORY, AND FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IS PHYSICALLY REWARDING IN TERMS OF RELAXATION.
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
4. THE PRODUCT OF TOURISM IS SOMETHING THAT YOU CANNOT JUST TRY AND IF YOU DON’T LIKE
IT, YOU WILL NOT BUY IT. TOURISM PRODUCTS REQUIRE THE BUYER TO BUY THE PRODUCTS
FIRST, AND THEN CONSUME IT BEFORE HE CAN MAKE HIS FINAL JUDGMENT, EITHER TO
CONTINUE PATRONIZING IT OR REJECT IT.
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
5. A TOURISM PRODUCT IS SOMETHING THAT YOU CANNOT BRING TO THE CUSTOMER FOR
VIEWING, TASTING, OR JUDGMENT. THE CLIENT HAS TO EXERT MONEY AND EFFORT TO TRAVEL
TO WHERE THE PRODUCT IS.
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
6. THE PRODUCTS ARE HIGHLY SEASONAL AND EACH DESTINATION HAS ITS OWN SEASON.
TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE TEMPORARY SEASONAL DEPENDING ON GEOGRAPHICAL DESTINATION.
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
7. THE PRICE OF TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE HIGHLY ELASTIC AND KEEPS ON FLUCTUATING. ITS PRICE
FLUCTUATIONS ARE INFLUENCED BY SEASON, DEMAND, CLASSIFICATIONS, TARGET CLIENT, TYPES
OF PATRONS, AND LOCATION, TIME AND DATE OF PURCHASE (ADVANCE OF LATE PURCHASE).
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
8. TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE VERY DYNAMIC AS IT KEEPS ON CHANGING ACCORDING TO THE
BEHAVIOR OF THE CLIENTS.
YOU CANNOT KEEP ON OFFERING THE SAME PRODUCTS TO THE CLIENTS WHO KEEPS ON LOOKING FOR NEW
EXPERIENCE.
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
9. TOURISM PRODUCTS ARE HIGHLY PERISHABLE.
EXAMPLE, A ROOM IN A HOTEL OR A SEAT IN A PLANE IS NOT SOLD IN A DAY, THE SALE IS LOST FOREVER. THIS IS WHY A MANAGER MUST EXERT ALL EFFORT AND MEANS TO SELL THE PRODUCTS THEY MANAGED.
TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
10. TOURISM IS MULTI-CULTURAL, REGIONAL, AND TRANSNATIONAL.
THE KINDS OF PRODUCTS, HOSPITALITY OF SERVICE ARE OFTENTIMES AFFECTED BY THE CULTURE AND
PRACTICES WHERE IT IS LOCATED. THIS MAKES TOURISM PRODUCTS VERY UNIQUE AS THEY ALSO ALLOW THE
PEOPLE WORKING IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY TO LEARN AND ADOPT MULTI-BEHAVIORAL
DISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO MEET THE NEEDS AND WHINE OF GUESTS FROM VARIOUS LOCATIONS AND
ORIGINS.
TOURISTS
• ACCORDING TO WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION; TOURISTS ARE PEOPLE WHO TRAVEL AND STAY IN A
PLACE OUTSIDE THEIR USUAL ENVIRONMENT FOR NOT
MORE THAN ONE CONSECUTIVE YEAR FOR LEISURE, BUSINESSES AND OTHER PURPOSE.
TOURISTS
• IN ORDER FOR A DESTINATION TO PROVIDE STIMULATING, HIGH QUALITY EXPERIENCES, IT IS
CRITICAL THAT BOTH POLICY MAKERS AND MANAGERS ARE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND TOURIST’SMOTIVATION FOR PLEASURE TRAVEL, AS WELL AS MULTIPLE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THEIR
SELECTION OF A DESTINATION.
TYPES OF TOURISTS
1. SAME-DAY VISITORS – VISITORS WHO DO NOT SPEND THE NIGHT IN A COLLECTIVE OR PRIVATE
ACCOMMODATION IN THE COUNTRY VISITED – EXAMPLES: CRUISE SHIP PASSENGERS, OR DAY-TRIPPERS VISITING AN ATTRACTION.
2. TOURISTS – VISITORS WHO STAY IN THE COUNTRY THEY VISIT FOR AT LEAST ONE NIGHT –EXAMPLES: VISITORS ON A TWO WEEK VACATION. THEIR PURPOSE CAN BE FOR PLEASURE, BUSINESS, AND OTHER PURPOSES, SUCH AS FAMILY REASONS, HEALTH OR TRANSIT.
TRAVEL MOTIVATION
• TRAVEL MOTIVATION STUDIES INCLUDE CONSUMER MOTIVATION, DECISION MAKING, PRODUCT
SATISFACTION, OVERALL ACCEPTABILITY OF HOLIDAY EXPERIENCES, PLEASURE IN THE VACATION
ENVIRONMENT, AND INTERACTION WITH LOCAL INHABITANTS.
PURPOSE OF TRAVEL
• PERSONS WHO TRAVEL UNDER TOURISM HAVE DIFFERENT PURPOSES IN THEIR TRAVEL.
• PLEASURE/VACATION
• BUSINESS/PROFESSIONAL (CONSULTATIONS, CONVENTIONS, INSPECTIONS, MICE)
• VISITING FRIENDS OR RELATIVES (SOCIALIZING, DINING IN, HOME ENTERTAINMENT)
• OTHER REASONS (PILGRIMAGE/RELIGION/HEALTH)
OTHER FORMS OF TRAVEL
• BORDER WORKERS
• DIPLOMATS/REPRESENTATIVE OF CONSULATES
• IMMIGRANTS
• MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES
• NOMADS
• REFUGEES
• TRANSIT PASSENGERS
TYPES OF TOURISTS – PLOG’S
1. ALLOCENTRIC – PREFERS TRAVELING FOR ADVENTURE, UNUSUAL DESTINATIONS, DOESN’TREQUIRE PAMPERING, WILLINGNESS TO TAKE RISK FOR FUN AND EXPERIENCE, IMMERSE WITH
LOCAL PEOPLE AND THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE TO TRY THEIR WAY OF LIFE, CAN LIVE WITHOUT
WORRYING OF THE ENVIRONMENT CONDITION, WILLINGNESS TO TAKE WHATEVER MODE OF
TRANSPORTATION JUST TO GET TO THE DESIRED DESTINATIONS, AND TO TRY FOODS AT THE
DESTINATION.
• TRY NEW PRODUCTS, ADVENTUROUS, PREFER OFF BEATEN TRACKS, SELF-CONFIDENT
TYPES OF TOURISTS – PLOG’S
2. PSYCHOCENTRIC – TYPE OF TOURIST THAT IS THE OPPOSITE OF THE ALLOCENTRIC. PSYCHOCENTRIC IS MORE INTERESTED TO SEE FAMILIAR AND POPULAR PLACES, SAFETY
CONSCIOUS, WORRY TOO MUCH, MORE INTERESTED ON PAMPERED TRAVEL AND TOUR, NOT
WILLING TO TAKE THE RISK EVEN FOR FUN, PARTICULAR ON THE LIVING
ENVIRONMENT/SURROUNDING, REQUIRES ACCESSIBILITY TO ALL, SOMETIMES NEED A GUIDE.
• NON- ADVENTUROUS, PREFER THE FAMILIAR TRAVEL, NON-RISKS TAKERS, PASSIVE TYPE
TYPES OF TOURISTS
4. SHOESTRING TRAVELER – TYPE OF TOURIST THAT ARE VERY PARTICULAR ON SAVING AND
SPENDING THE MONEY ACCORDING TO BUDGET OR EVEN BELOW THE BUDGET. THESE PERSONS
ARE MUCH LIKE THE ALLOCENTRIC OR FALLS UNDER THE ALLOCENTRIC TRAVELER BECAUSE OF HIS
STYLE AND WILLINGNESS TO STAY ON CHEAP ACCOMMODATION AND USES ORDINARY MODE OF
TRANSPORTATION JUST TO FULFILL THE DESIRE THE TRAVEL.
TYPES OF TOURISTS- COHEN’S MODEL
• ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST
• PACKAGED TOURS
• PREFERS FAMILIAR ENVIRONMENT
TYPES OF TOURISTS- COHEN’S MODEL
• INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST
• MAJOR ARRANGEMENTS MADE THROUGH TRAVEL
INTERMEDIARY
• TOURIST HAS SOME CONTROL OVER HIS OR HER
ITINERARY
• REMAINS WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL BUBBLE OF HOME
COUNTRY
TYPES OF TOURISTS- COHEN’S MODEL
• EXPLORER
• USUALLY PLANS HIS OR HER OWN TRIP
• AVOIDS DEVELOPED TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
• MIXES WITH LOCALS BUT STILL PROTECTED BY
ENVIRONMENTAL BUBBLE
TYPES OF TOURISTS- COHEN’S MODEL
• DRIFTER
• PLANS HIS OR HER TRIP
• AVOIDS TOURIST ATTRACTIONS AND MIX WITH LOCALS
• IMMERSES IN THE HOST CULTURE, PARTAKES OF THE LOCAL
FOOD, LIVES IN NATIVE SHELTER AND OBSERVE HABITS & LIFESTYLE
MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
• PEOPLE HAVE SEVERAL NEEDS, WHICH ARE
ARRANGED IN IMPORTANCE, AND THAT
PEOPLE ARE TRYING TO AT LEAST MINIMALLY
SATISFY THE LOWER NEEDS BEFORE THE
HIGHER LEVEL NEEDS.
SEEKING- ESCAPING TRAVEL MOTIVATION THEORY
ASSERTS THAT TWO FORCES SIMULTANEOUSLY INFLUENCE AN INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIOR.
1. SEEKING COMPONENT - SEEK PSYCHOLOGICAL REWARDS THROUGH TRAVEL IN A
CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENT
2. ESCAPING COMPONENT - LEAVING EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENT BEHIND AND PERHAPS
INTRODUCING CHANGE OR NOVELTY IN ONE’S DAILY ROUTINE.
PUSH – PULL THEORY
• PULL FACTORS: AROUSED BY THE
DESTINATION
• PUSH FACTORS: SOCIO, PSYCHOLOGICAL
OR PERSONAL MOTIVES
WANDERLUST-SUNLUST THEORY
WANDERLUST THEORY –CAUSES INDIVIDUALS TO WANT
TO EXPERIENCE DIFFERENT
EXISTING CULTURES AND
PLACES, OR RELICS OF PAST
CULTURES IN HISTORICALLY
SIGNIFICANT AREAS
SUNLUST THEORY – IS THE DESIRE
TO EXPERIENCE DIFFERENT OR BETTER
FACILITIES OUTSIDE ONE’S PLACE OF
RESIDENCE
TRAVEL CAREER LADDER THEORY - PEARCE
THE MORE EXPERIENCED TRAVELLERS
WILL HAVE HIGHER HOST-SITE
INVOLVEMENT AND NATURE RELATED
MOTIVATION THAN THE LESS
EXPERIENCED ONES WHO WILL PLACE
HIGHER VALUE ON STIMULATION, PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, RELATIONSHIP, SELF ACTUALIZATION, NOSTALGIA, ROMANCE AND
RECOGNITION.