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1. Hardware – the physical components you can see and touch
and 2. Software – the sets of instructions
which direct the hardware
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Keyboard Mouse Trackball Touchpad Game Controller Scanner Digital Camera
Stylus Pen Touch Screen Microphone Optical Code Reader And more!!
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The things you use to put information into the computer
Monitors: CRT and LCD (Flat Panel) Printers: Laser, Ink Jet, Thermal Multifunction Devices Projectors Speakers LCD Panels
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The components you use to “see” the information
Motherboard◦ Central Processing Unit (CPU) Processor (Pentium, Celeron)
and clock (MHz-GHz)
◦ Memory chips: Random Access Memory (GB+)
◦ Connections to/other cards/devices Sound/Graphics/Video Cards Network Interface (Ethernet) Card
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The components that interpret, calculate and process the information
Network Interface
Card (NIC) Card
Video Card
Sound Card
First Generation Ports◦ Parallel (LPT) for
printers◦ Serial (COM) (Keyboard,
Mouse)◦ PS/2 (Mouse)
Newer Technology Ports◦ USB 2.O◦ Ethernet◦ Firewire
View different ports
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The components you use to create a permanent record of information. To store programs/data between sessions.
Modems◦ Dial-up◦ DSL◦ Cable
Router
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Cable Modem
DSL Modem
Wireless Router
Cable Router
The components you use to send information to other computers
COMMUNICATIONS
PROCESSINPUT OUTPUT
STORAGE
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System Software
Application Software
ProgrammingLanguages
Operating Systems (think of the O/S as the office manager; what you “see” when you start up the PC) e.g. Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X
Device Drivers: instructions needed for the O/S communicate with peripheral (printer, camera, etc.)
Utilities: programs for hardware/software management to detect, repair, prevent problems.
Controls the operations of the computer hardware. There are three kinds of System Software:
Creates environment in which we work Loads, stores, executes, application
software Disk Management: data, files, space Keeps date/time Maintain PC security Detects equipment failure Allocates system resources (e.g.: how
much memory is used for which task, communicates w/input/output/storage devices)
System Software:
Word Processing (for manipulating text) Spreadsheets (for calculating data) Database (for file/records management) Graphics: Presentation, Design, Paint & Draw,
Desktop Publishing (electronic arts and crafts!) Browsers (for looking at things on the Web) Email (for
receiving/composing/reading/sending electronic mail)
Games (fun stuff) Accounting & Finance (necessary stuff) and more...
The programs you use to perform specific tasks
Can purchase a packaged program (at Staples, Best Buy…wherever) OR
Have an application custom designed by a programmer
Copyrights Laws apply—cannot pass on! Shareware: software you can use for a free trial
period (30-90 days?) Freeware: software you can legally pass-on w/nc! Software Suites: two or more programs sold under
"umbrella" name, e.g.: MS Office “Versions” refer to new updates of programs
◦ MS Office: Office 95, Office 97, Office 2000, Office XP, Office 2003, Office 2007, Office 2010, Office 2013)
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Hardware
System Software
Application Software
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