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Design for EngineeringUnit 8 Material Science
and Engineering
Annette Beattie
August 15, 2006
Materials ScienceETP 2006 Annette Beattie
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science
Foundation under Grant No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings and
conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the
author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National ScienceFoundation (NSF).
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What are Materials?
Thats easy! Look around.
Our clothes are made of materials, our
homes are made of materials - mostly
manufactured. Glass windows, vinyl
siding, metal silverware, ceramic dishes
Most things are made from many different
kinds of materials.
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Kinds of Materials
Metals: are materials that are normallycombinations of "metallic elements". Metalsusually are good conductors of heat andelectricity. Also, they are quite strong butmalleable and tend to have a lustrous look whenpolished.
Ceramics: are generally compounds betweenmetallic and nonmetallic elements. Typically theyare insulating and resistant to high temperaturesand harsh environments. (MSECRC, 2006)
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Kinds of Materials
Plastics: (or polymers) are generally organiccompounds based upon carbon and hydrogen.They are very large molecular structures.Usually they are low density and are not stableat high temperatures.
Semiconductors: have electrical propertiesintermediate between metallic conductors andceramic insulators. Also, the electrical propertiesare strongly dependent upon small amounts ofimpurities. (MSECRC, 2006)
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Kinds of Materials
Composites: consist of more than one
material type. Fiberglass, a combination of
glass and a polymer, is an example.
Concrete and plywood are other familiarcomposites. Many new combinations
include ceramic fibers in metal or polymer
matrix. (MSECRC, 2006)
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Newer Branches of Materials
Science Nanotechnology: a relatively new area grown
out of techniques used to manufacturesemiconductor circuits. Machines can beproduced on a microscopic level. Example -miniature robots to do surgery inside the body orminiature chemical laboratories and instrumentsthat will continuously analyze blood anddispense medications inside the body. (VCSU, 2006)
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Materials Science
Defined as the study of the properties of
solid materials and how those properties
are determined by a materials
composition and structure. (VCSU, 2006)
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Materials Science
Example - the dramatic role of iron throughout
the ages is not really the result of it being
"strong". In reality, iron has been important
because we can change its properties byheating and cooling it.
The ability to change the properties and/or
behavior of a material is what makes most
materials useful and this is at the heart ofmaterials science! (MSECRC, 2006)
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Materials Science and
Engineering
An interdisciplinary study that combines
metallurgy, physics, chemistry, and
engineering to solve real-world problems
with real-world materials in an acceptablesocietal and economical manner. (VCSU, 2006)
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Materials Science and
Engineering
The following elements and their
interaction define Materials Science and
Engineering:
Performance
Properties
Structure and composition
Synthesis and processing (VCSU, 2006)
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Materials Science and
Engineering
The engineering of fantastic new materials
is not a given, but a natural outgrowth. It
is here that science and engineering
almost touch. (VCSU, 2006)
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Materials Testing
Materials testing is a much narrower field
than materials science or engineering.
It is determining the strength of certain
materials.
It is mostly used to determine safety. Ex.
concrete samples are tested.
It is not used to design new materials to be
used in new applications. (VCSU, 2006)
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History of Materials
Even our history has been defined by thematerials we use
The stone age
The copper age The bronze age
The iron age
What would be a good material name for today? (MSECRC, 2006)
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History of Materials
Man has been studying materials since
before leaving the cave.
Due to lack of communication, early man
spent hundreds of millennia experimenting
with stone tools.
The first metal tools appeared perhaps
only six thousand years ago.
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History of Materials
The discovery of Iceman in the Alps in
1991 gave significant information on early
Copper age. He was carrying a copper
axe.
It is dated at about 5300 years, when the
first pyramids were built.
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History of Materials
As our knowledge of materials grows, so
does the sophistication of our tools.
The more sophisticated our tools, the
more sophisticated our accomplishments.
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Sources
The Materials Science & Engineering Career Resource Center. Retrieved from the
following web site on October 29, 2006: http://www.crc4mse.org/what/Index.html
Valley City State University. (2006). Technology education 660 design for
engineering unit 8 reading assignment. Retrieved August 15, 2006 from the website:
http://www.vcsu.edu
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Standards
Standard #2: Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts of
technology.
2.CC New technologies create new processes.
Standard #3: Students will develop an understanding of the relationships among
technologies and the connections between technology and other fields of study.
3.H Technological innovation often results when ideas, knowledge, or skills are shared within
a technology, among technologies, or across other fields.
3.J Technological progress promotes the advancement of science and mathematics.
Standard #7: Students will develop an understanding of the influence of technology
on history.
7.H The evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the
development and use of tools and materials.
7.K The Iron Age was defined by the use of iron and steel as the primary materials for tools.