Download - Http:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/martinlabar/90632001/
Rock Basalt Granite Sandstone Limestone Slate Marble
Type of rock
Characteristics/Appearance
Use
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
•Formed by the cooling of molten magma.
•Very hard.
•Have a crystalline structure.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/14508691@N08/3824821248/
• Fine grain, interlocking crystals.
• Usually black or grey.
• Contains vesicles – bubbles of air trapped during the cooling of
lava.
• Used in cobblestones, railway ballast , road construction.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/molas/446346958/
• Coarse grain, interlocking crystals.
• Usually has more light coloured crystals than dark, for example, glassy quartz
or shiny mica.
• Used in paving, work surfaces, gravestones.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/brewbooks/212485689/
•Formed by the deposition of grains by ice, water and wind.
•Found in layers, called beds or strata.
•Often contain fossils.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/aedos/3281843352/sizes/l/
• Made up of sand grains.
• Formed by the deposition of sediments by wind, rivers, sea or
ice- so there are many forms.
• Later cemented together by minerals within ground water.
• Very hard and chemically resistant, as they are made up of
quartz grains.
• Used in building sand, paving, glass making.
• Largely made up of calcite (calcium carbonate).
• Formed from the remnants of ancient shellfish and invertebrates,
think Old Harry and Coccoliths.
• Will react with hydrochloric acid.
• Used in construction, neutralising acidic soils, steel making.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Limestone_cropping.jpg
• Were once igneous or sedimentary rocks, but have metamorphosed by heat and
pressure within the Earth’s crust.
• Crystalline and often have a squashed or (foliated or banded)
texture.
http://www.geologyrocks.co.uk/images/quartzite_from_the_phyllite_quartzite_series
• Fine grained interlocking crystals lie flat in the same direction- cleavage
direction.
• Will split easily along the cleavage direction.
• Used in gravestones, flooring, snooker tables.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slate_Macro_1.JPG
• Metamorphosed limestone (calcium carbonate).
• Will react with hydrochloric acid.
• Medium grained interlocking crystals and no alignment.
• Used in fireplaces, work surfaces, ornaments.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MarbleUSGOV.jpg
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/site/GSL/lang/en/page3892.html
Melting
Crystallisation of magma
Igneous rocks
Uplift
Weathering Erosion and transport Deposition of sediment
Burial and compaction
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphism
Metamorphic rocks
Rock type
Process
Melting
Crystallisation of magma
Igneous rocks
Uplift
Weathering Erosion and transport Deposition of sediment
Burial and compaction
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphism
Metamorphic rocks
Rocks become liquid from the intense heat of the
mantle.
Magma cools to form igneous rocks.
Tectonic processes lift the igneous rocks to the
surface.
Rocks are weathered.Rocks are eroded and transported.
Rocks are deposited and laid down in layers.Previous deposits are
buried by new ones, the weight of these compacts the layers, other minerals help bind them together-
cementation.
Rocks are under intense heat and pressure due to
tectonic processes, minerals within them react to each other- change the
texture and composition of the rock.
Melting
Crystallisation of magma
Igneous rocks
Uplift
Weathering Erosion and transport Deposition of sediment
Burial and compaction
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphism
Metamorphic rocks
Rock type
Process