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Human-Computer InteractionHuman Computer InteractionCSG 170
Prof. Timothy Bickmore
Please make a name tag…
Overview for Today
Introductions Introductions Overview of HCI Overview of the Course Some basic concepts Model Paper Presentations
Paper assignments for next week
Project Overview Brainstorming exercise
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Introductions
Name Name Your background Worst user interface you have ever
used & why
My BackgroundCareer 1 – Rocket Scientist
’86-’90
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Overview of HCI
What is HCI? What is HCI? Motivation for HCI Some basic concepts
What is HCI?ACM SIGCHI Curricula for HCI
Human computer interaction is a Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them.
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What is HCI?
Communications
What is HCI?extensional definition
Human factors Human factors GUIs & toolkits Mobile computing Speech interfaces
S i l i t f Social interfaces Multimodal interfaces …
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Why Study HCI?
HCI is Importantfrom Nielsen – Usability Engineering
Redesign of rotary dial telephone speeded up Redesign of rotary dial telephone speeded up users’ dialing behavior by 0.15 sec/digit, saving $1M in reduced demand on central switches.
Redesign insurance forms to reduce customer errors: cost Aus$100 000; savingserrors: cost Aus$100,000; savings Aus$500,000/year.
Redesign of Boeing 757 flight deck interface to reduce flight crew from 3 to 2
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HCI is Importantfrom Nielsen – Usability Engineering
Study of software engineering costs Study of software engineering costs 63% significantly overran budgets 4 reasons rated with highest responsibility:
Frequent change requests by users Overlooked tasks Users’ lack of understanding of their own req’ts Insufficient user-analyst communication &
understanding
Lederer & Prasad, CACM ’92115 surveys of projects >=$50K
HCI is Important
UI strongly affects UI strongly affects perception of software Usable software sells
better “Ease of use” ratingsg
For many shrink-wrapped products a single call to customer support can wipe out profits
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HCI is ImportantFDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health report
Many deaths and injuries attributable to poor Many deaths and injuries attributable to poor human interface (hardware & software) design. oxygen flow control knob, smooth rotation but
with discrete settings and no flow at intermediates
http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/humfac/doit.html
HCI is ImportantJAMA. 2005;293:1197-1203
Study of a hospital computerized physician order entry system (CPOE) Identified 22 ways in which the system caused
patients to get the wrong medicine, e.g. fragmented displays that prevent a coherent view of
patients’ medications pharmacy inventory displays mistaken for dosage
guidelines separation of functions that facilitate double dosing and sepa at o o u ct o s t at ac tate doub e dos g a d
incompatible orders
Three quarters of the house staff reported observing each of these error risks, indicating that they occur weekly or more often
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HCI is ImportantTherac-25 Accidents
Therac-25 performed both radiation treatment and X-rays
HCI is ImportantTherac-25 Accidents
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HCI is ImportantTherac-25 Accidents
Six accidents involving massive overdoses to patients Six accidents involving massive overdoses to patients occurred between 1985 and 1987
Occasional machine malfunctions with little feedback, resulting in repeated dosages (6 in one case)
Poor feedback about which mode the machine was in caused treatments with 125x the expected doseM hi i ll d t d d Machine occasionally underreported dosage
Why do work in HCI?
Interdisciplinary work Interdisciplinary work Interact with people, learn about them
and their work Help people It’s cool It s cool…
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HCI is Cool
Sit upright Lean Forward Slump Back Side Lean
HCI is Cool
Pinwheels – Example Ambient Interface
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Some basic issues & concepts
Building good UIs is hard Building good UIs is hard Many iterations Much user interaction Many kinds of expertise 50% of the total lifecycle effort in modern y
software Survey of 74 projects, Myers & Rosson, CHI’92
Some basic issues & concepts
Whether the functionality of
How well users can use
Usability
Whether the functionality ofthe system in principle can do what is needed.
Utility
From Nielsen, Usability Engineering
How well users can usethe system’s functionality.
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Some basic issues & concepts• Ethnography
Design • Task analysis• Design guidelines• Scenarios
• Expert evaluation• Usability testing
ImplementEvaluate
The HCI development process
• Prototyping• GUI tools
y g
Overview of Course
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/course/csg170/
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Overview of Course
Topics covered HCI Theory & Practice HCI Research HCI Programming
Prerequisites Java basics
Overview of Course
Texts Req’d: Dix, et al, Human-Computer
Interaction Opt: Nielsen, Usability Engineering
O t R & C ll U bilit Opt: Rosson & Carroll, Usability Engineering: Scenario-Based Development of Human-Computer Interaction
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Overview of Course
Weekly Requirements Weekly Requirements Read 50-150 pages Individual homework assignment Team project assignment In-class Quiz
D ib d di i t i l Describe and discuss assignments in class Periodic Requirements
Present a research paper in class
Typical Class1 Quiz1. Quiz2. Review assignments. Presentation and
discussion by randomly selected students.3. Lecture on HCI practice topic.4. Discussion of next week’s assignments.5. Break
I t t h t i b i t t6. Intro to research topic by instructor.7. Research paper presentations by students.
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Overview of Course Quizzes Quizzes
Open book & notes Check understanding and ramifications of
readings. Usually 1-2 analytic questions
“How might you extend the Squishy Interface?” “What was the most significant problem in the evaluation What was the most significant problem in the evaluation
of the Tangible Mud system?” “How might you apply the Wearable Robot to airport
security?” “Compare the learnability of systems X and Y.”
Administrivia
Tim WVH448 csg170@ccs neu edu Tim – WVH448, [email protected] Office hours Mon 3:30-5:30 or by appt In class prior to start
Laura– WVH466, [email protected] Office hours Th 4:00-6:00 or by appt Office hours Th 4:00 6:00 or by appt
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Course Website
ScheduleDate Topics & Readings
Practice Research
9/16 Overview of HCI and course. Model presentationpresentation
9/23 Humans (Dix Ch 1). Computers (skim Dix Ch 2). HCI development process (Dix Ch 6). Guest lecture: Dr. Auerbach, BMC Geriatrics
Older Adults
9/30 Interaction paradigms (Dix Ch 3). Doing observational studies (Fetterman). HCI for older adults.
Ethnography
10/7 Requirements analysis (Dix Ch 13 & 15, Rosson part of Ch 2). Intro to Java Swing
Health interfaces
10/14 Design I (Dix Ch 5, Rosson Ch 3). GUI architectures and tools (Dix Ch 8). Swing events.
GUI tools
10/21 Design II (Rosson Ch 4 & 5). Swing layout managers. Tangible interfaces
10/28 Universal design (Dix Ch 10). Paper prototyping (Rettig). Social interfaces
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Schedule
11/4 Models (Dix Ch 12). Ubicomp (Dix Ch 20). Mobile interfaces
11/11 NO CLASS VETERAN’S DAY11/11 NO CLASS: VETERAN’S DAY
11/18 Heuristic evaluation (Dix Ch 9, Nielsen Ch 5) Affective interfaces
11/25 Dialog-based UIs (Dix Ch 14 & 16). Speech interfaces
12/2 CSCW (Dix Ch 19). CSCW
12/9 Usability testing (Nielsen Ch 6). Other assessment methods (Nielsen Ch 7). Motivation for Usability (Nielsen Ch 1). Olympic
Misc interfaces(Nielsen Ch 7). Motivation for Usability (Nielsen Ch 1). Olympic Message System (Gould).
TBD Final project presentations. (12/19???)
To Do for Next Week1 Read1. Read
1. Dix Chapters 1, 2 (skim) & 62. 3 research papers on HCI for older adults
2. Set up individual course web page1. Note: All assignments must be posted 1 hour before class on due
date.3. Do Homework I1 (UI Critique)4 Look over research papers – select a few you’d like to4. Look over research papers select a few you d like to
present 5. Read through T1 and bibliography of HCI for older adults
– start thinking about what you’d like to do for a project.6. Check your calendar for week of 12/15
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Individual Homework #1 UI Critique Find 2 good & 2 bad examples of UI design Find 2 good & 2 bad examples of UI design Some criteria
Consistency (inter & intra application) Prevent errors Permit error correction Obviousness (“affordances”) Feedback
Include visuals if possible Some examples…
Example 1
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Paper Presentations
Paper Presentations 10-15 minutes total10 15 minutes total
Brief description (least important - everyone has read it) Beyond the paper (demo, video, mock up) Your evaluation How you would extend it (most important part)
Link your ppt to your course web page Or bring a flash drive to class
Do not cut and paste text from paper! read your slides!
Talk to us if you want help… Grading: quality of visuals; quality of oral
presentation; timeliness; 3 items above
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Example Paper Presentation
Schwesig, et al, “Gummi: a b d bl t ” CHI’04bendable computer”, CHI’04
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Gummi: a bendable computer
Interaction based onphysical deformationof a handheld.
2D indication is providedvia a standard touchpadpon bottom of device.
Motivation
Handhelds are hard to interact with Handhelds are hard to interact with Important to consider non-WIMP UIs Display can cover entire surface of
device
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Interaction model Bend in 1D (up or down) Bend in 1D (up or down) Bend state continuously measured (transition). Discrete maximum bend states correspond to single & double
mouse clicks Sample mapping (up/down always mapped to semantically
opposite operations):
Di t D Discrete UpDiscrete Down Discrete Up
Transition Down Transition Up
SelectStart playback
DeselectStop playback
Zoom inIncrease play speed
Zoom outDecrease play speed
Prototype
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Evaluation
Informal usability studies Informal usability studies N=30, “colleagues” 2-3 minutes training Ss “had no difficulty” using discrete
functions; continuous functions tookfunctions; continuous functions took longer to understand and master
Text input was difficult
Beyond the paper:previews
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My Evaluation
Very innovative both in input method Very innovative, both in input method and GUI interaction
Weak evaluation – could have easily provided some quantitative data Even a survey would have been goody g
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How I would extend Gummi Why stop at bending? Why stop at bending?
Stretchable Twistable Foldable
Might be better if top surface were also the touchpad
How to combine with more traditional input devices? Keyboard (top surface?) Speech input?
Laura – Chang, et alLaura Chang, et alPlayful toothbrush
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PresentationVolunteers for Next Week The message center: enhancing elder The message center: enhancing elder
communication - CHI'06
Acceptance and Usability of a Relational Agent Interface by Urban Older Adults -CHI'05
DanceAlong: Supporting Positive Social Exchange and Exercise for the Elderly Through Dance, CHI’05
Team Project
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Team Project Guidelines
Must have a substantial UI Must have a substantial UI UI must be interactive Creative, original, non-obvious is better Ideas: research papers & past CHI,
UIST IUI and bibliographyUIST, IUI, and bibliography…\csg170\oabiblio.htm(linked to Bibliography page)
Team Project Constraints
Each team should have 3 4 members Each team should have 3-4 members Ideally multi-disciplinary Focus: Health Education Application for
Older Adult users Context: Touch screen kiosk in BMC Context: Touch screen kiosk in BMC
Geriatrics clinic waiting room
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Team Project GuidelinesWhy Older Adults?
Pedagogical reasons Pedagogical reasons… High variability in sensory, cognitive, and motor abilities High variability in computer literacy For our population of users – high variability in reading and health
literacy Forces you to think thoroughly about usability & accessibility
issues Drives home “I am not my user” Drives home I am not my user Makes an otherwise abstract exercise very real
And… We will be helping an underserved population Demographic shift in US Older adults in more need of health interventions
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Team ProjectTeam Project Brainstorming Exercise
Project Brainstorming
Think about a graphical user interface Think about a graphical user interface you’d like to build Should be representative of your interests No commitment
Sketch out the idea on a slide i l d i Put a title and your name on it
Be ready to talk about it 15 minutes
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To Do for Next Week Read Read
Dix Chapters 1, 2 (skim) & 6 3 research papers on HCI for older adults
Set up individual course web page Do Homework I1 (UI Critique) Look over research papers – select a fewLook over research papers select a few
you’d like to present Read through T1 and bibliography of HCI for
older adults – start thinking about what you’d like to do for a project.
Check your calendar for week of 12/15