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Human Trafficking
What is it?
How do you recognize it?
What can you do?
By B.C.’s Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons, Ministry of Justice
Funding provided by the Department of Justice Victim’s Fund
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What is Human Trafficking?
Human trafficking is the recruiting, harbouring and/or controlling of a person for the purpose of exploitation.
Exploitation can include sexual exploitation, labour exploitation, or the forced removal of organs.
Domestic trafficking vs. international trafficking.
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UN Definition of Human Trafficking
ACT
• Recruit
• Transport
• Transfer
• Harbour
• Receive
MEANS
May Include:
• Threats/violence
• Coercion
• Deception/fraud
• Abduction
• Abuse of power
PURPOSE
• Forced labour or services
• Sexual exploitation
• Slavery/servitude
• Forced organ removal
• Exploitation
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Forms of Exploitation
Sexual Exploitatio
n
Labour Exploitatio
n
Crime and Petty Crime
Forced Organ
Removal
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Smuggling vs. Trafficking
Smuggling
Once at their
destination,
smuggled
persons are free
to do as they
please.
Trafficking
Once at their
destination,
trafficked
persons are
exploited.
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Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal indignity and rights.
Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude.
Human Trafficking is aSerious Human Rights Violation
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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2002
• Immigration & RefugeeProtection Act sections 117 – 123
2005
• Criminal Code of Canadasections 279.01 – .04
2010
• Minimum Sentencing forChild Trafficking
Laws in Canada
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Temporary Resident Permitsfor Trafficked Persons
• 180 days of legal status in Canada
• Access to health and counselling
services
• Work permit
• Social assistance benefits (BC)
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Who is Trafficked in Canada
TraffickersPrey on
People who are
Vulnerable!
Factors that create vulnerabilitiesto sexual exploitation:
• Being poor
• Being female
• A history of violence or
neglect
• A history of child sexual
abuse
• A low level of education
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Unique Vulnerabilities of Aboriginal Communities
• Impact of colonization and residential school abuse
• Racism and discrimination
• Moving from a reserve/Aboriginal community to an urban centre
• Extreme poverty
• Exposure to physical and sexual violence
• Families experiencing trauma that carries over from onegeneration to the next
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Nannies / Live in
Caregivers
Temporary Foreign
Workers
Vulnerable Workers in Canada
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the promise of a good job
the promise of a modelling career
affection and love offered by trafficker
gifts, money, drugs, or other items of value missing intheir lives
How does it happen?LURING AND GROOMING
Vulnerable people are lured and groomed for exploitation by:
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Who are the traffickers?
• Men, women and youth can be traffickers.
• A 17 year old girl was recently convicted of humantrafficking charges in Ottawa.
• A 7-member family in Hamilton, Ontario was convicted in the trafficking of 19 Hungarian men exploited for their labour.
• A woman was convicted in Gatineau, Quebec for the trafficking of 3 girls prostituted by force.
• Anyone can be a trafficker.
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The Internet, Social Media and Human Trafficking
Compromising
images are
posted and
circulated via
social media as
a means of
exploiting
victims.
Traffickers use
internet and
social media
to lure and
recruit
vulnerable
people.
Cell phones
are used to
control
victims of
human
trafficking.
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*From stories appearing in the Canadian Press, The National Post, CTV News, and The Globe and Mail
Human Trafficking in the News*
“Human-trafficking trial hears woman forced to work long hours for no pay”
“Nanny was ‘virtual slave,’ Crown says at sentencing”
“Man charged with human trafficking exploited victims as young as 14: Crown”
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Common Indicators of Human Trafficking
Fearful or anxious, especially of police
Movements restricted or controlled
Allows trafficker to speak for them
Has no control over their identity documents/passport
No control over earnings or money; paid very little if at all
Punished through fines/owe money to trafficker
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• New older friends who provide gifts, drugs, expensive clothing and jewelry
• Loss of connection to family and friends
• Drop out of school or miss classes regularly
• Behaviour changes and mood swings
• Reluctant to engage with teachers, youth workers, social workers and other adults in their lives
Indicators of Child / YouthTrafficking:
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• Lives and works witha family
• Expected to be available up to 24 hours a day
• No days off
• Little or no pay
• Movements controlled
Indicators ofHuman Traffickingfor Domestic Servitude:
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• Tattoos or branding by a trafficker to show ownership
• Substance abuse, drug addiction as a method of control
• Controlled by cell phone or guard
• Scars or injuries from abuse
• Someone else speaks for the trafficked person
• No control over their money
• May have expensive items but no basic necessities
Indicators of SexualExploitation
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• Lives and works in same location
• Paid very little or nothing at all
• Works without safety equipment, or in dangerous situations
• Depends on employer for housing, food, transportation
• Limited contact with familyand friends
• Limited knowledge of rights and laws in Canada
• May have limited English skills
Indicators of LabourTrafficking
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What can you do to contribute to the elimination of human trafficking?
EducateYourself
ReportIt
RaiseAwarenes
s
Use Your Buying Power
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Learn More:OCTIP’s Online Training
Human Trafficking, Canada is Not Immune
• Free!• Accessible nation-wide!• Any time!
Learn to recognize, protect and assist a personwho may have been trafficked.
www.pssg.gov.bc.ca/octip/training.htm
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Respond to Trafficking Situations
• Contact local police/emergency services in cases of an emergency.
• Learn the indicators of human trafficking.
• Identify and partner with key services in your community.
• Explore the OCTIP online Toolkit: Communities Taking Action.
• Review the OCTIP online training for service providers tolearn more about how to assist a trafficked person.
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OCTIP Service Model
A Trafficked Person
May Require
Shelter and Housing
LegalServices
Health Services
Emotional Support and Counselling
Interpretation Services
Government Agencies
Police, Crown, Victim Services
(where culturally
appropriate)
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Reporting a Situation ofHuman Trafficking
The RCMP Human Trafficking [email protected]
(human trafficking situations in BC)
Crime Stoppers 1-800-222-TIPS(any crime, anonymous)
Cybertip.ca(child sexual exploitation)
CALL 911 or Emergency Personnel if Urgent
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Services and Supports for Trafficked Persons
Coordination of services fortrafficked persons andreferrals, call
1-888-712-7974 (toll-free, 24/7, interpretation available)
Temporary Resident Permitsfor trafficked persons andWork Permits contactCitizenship and Immigration Canada
1-888-242-2100
Emergency Services and referrals for all victims of crime in BC/Yukon, call VictimLink BC
1-800-563-0808(toll-free, 24/7, interpretation available)
General inquiries and information on human trafficking, contact BC OCTIP office
1-604-660-5199 (business hours)
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Open Your Eyes to Human Trafficking