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HUMAN VALUES, ETHICS and IPR
by Nidhi S&H
Deptt.
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The Purpose of Education - Education for a Living or
Education for Life?
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Purpose of Education-Indian Perspective
Definition of Education
Education is the manifestation of the perfection already in man - Swami Vivekananda
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Learning Objectives
Define and interpret the term Education
Interpret the term Education
Purpose of education – For living or for life
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Knowledge Inherent in Man
No knowledge is outside
Knowledge is inside
Infinite library of universe is in mind
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Lets DeliberateDiscrimination between:
Knowledge
Information
Understanding
Wisdom
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Information
Information is data that has been given
meaning by way of relational connection
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Knowledge
Appropriate collection of Information, such that its intent is to be useful
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Understanding
It is cognitive and analytical process by which one can take knowledge and synthesize new knowledge from the previously stored knowledge
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Wisdom It is a process by which one also discerns or
judges, between right or wrong, good or bad and is a uniquely human state and requires one to have a soul, for it resides as much as in the heart as in the mind
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Analyze
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Ancient Indian Education System
Gurukula and Guru Shishya Parampara
Existed Since Vedic Age
Adhered to Bramhacharya
Gurukulas patronized by ruling governments
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Gurukula literally means a place where shishyas (aspirants of
knowledge) associate with the Guru to get enlightened. Here
‘Kula’ means domain or extended family. A gurukula was an
important place in ancient Indian society. The gurukula system
was the basic concept of education at that time. In this
article, we shall have a glance on the system of gurukula.
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Who is Guru: The word “Guru” has several meanings. In
sanskrit ‘gu’ means darkness and ‘ru’ means light. A person who rescues his depended by bringing him out of darkness
and guides him to light is regarded as ‘Guru’. “Guru” also
means ‘Heavy’. One who is heavy with knowledge is called a guru. Guru is one who dispels the darkness of ignorance in his
disciple with the torchlight of knowledge.
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The Principle and the Environment
The basic principle of gurukula system is learning by serving. Shisyas learn lessons by
first serving the guru. Gurukula system is completely residential in nature. Shisyas live in
proximity of the guru, almost in the same house. As they live near their guru, they associate with him very intimately. They serve their guru in his
day-to-day life, even in his mundane chores such as cooking, washing clothes, fetching water etc.
The set up of the system is usually in remote areas where there is no disturbance. This
environment is very conducive for learning.Guru observes character and temperament of
each student and imparts knowledge accordingly. He considers all students as equal. One student may be a King’s son and one may be a cobbler’s son, but for guru what matters is the character of the student. In this way, there is no discrimination
against caste, creed and family status of the student.
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What Guru Teaches his Students?
The students make their guru as their role model. Guru becomes the second father for the students. He guides them how to lead a successful life. He teaches subject matter of
Vedas, art of using weaponry, music and self defense. He teaches the students what is the aim of human life. What are the moral
values that one has to imbibe to be a successful person in the human society. He teaches how can one disentangle himself
from the complexities of material existence and how can one achieve the ultimate
success. The guru gives this knowledge to his disciples through his own example. Thus, guru is one who has a flawless
character and he imparts the same flawless character to his students through his
constant association.
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UniversitiesGurukulas were gradually replaced by
universities
Prominent ones: Nalanda
Takshila
Ujjaini
Vikramashila
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Qualities of a Teacher Nine Great Qualities:
1. Pure Mind
2. Communication Skills
3. Bright Countenance
4. Moral Courage
5. Good Memory
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Qualities of a Teacher…contd6. Impressive Written Communication
7. Humility
8. Enthusiasm
9. Thirst for knowledge
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Qualities of a Student Keen Desire to learn
Undivided attention
Self control
Kind and Courteous
Generous
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Denial of Education
No access to education to those:
Who lack interest and aptitude
Who are not straight forward/truthful
Who lack discipline
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Ancient India – Scientific TemperamentEmbraced people with Knowledge
Encouraged people to share scientific knowledge
Spread awareness through science
Always aimed at betterment of Society
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Major Subjects Studied
Mathematics
Astronomy
Architecture
Agriculture
Hygiene and Health
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Views of the West and India towards Logic and Experiments
Mathematics: India has been the father of Mathematics. Indian Decimal system spread throughout the world
Astronomy: Till Galileo’s time it was believed that the earth was stationary but Aryabhatta stated that the earth moves on its axis.Aryabhatta has mentioned about the Sun rise and the Sun set.Aryabhatta explaine very clearly how an eclipse occurs and also wrote about the distances of the various planets from the Sun.
Architecture, Agriculture, Hygine&Health.
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Modern Education in IndiaBritish Colonies
Modern European Education
Colonial Educational Policy
Macaulayism
Promotion of western Education in India
National Policy on Education
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Civilization and Cultural Unity
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Learning ObjectivesDefine the terms Culture and Civilization
Discuss Nuances of Indian Culture
Compare Indian and Western Culture
Appreciate the Cultural Unity
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Civilization
The word civilization comes from the Latin civilis, meaning civil, related to the Latin civis, meaning citizen, and civitas, meaning city or city-state.
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Culture (Latin: cultura, lit. "cultivation")[1] is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. However, the word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses:
Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture
An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning
The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization, or group
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In India, the cow is a symbol of wealth, strength, and selfless giving.
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Portrait of Turkman woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry
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Architecture of Mohenjo-DaroOne of the world’s Earliest Cities
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Strong traits of Indian CultureTyaga (renunciation)Dana (liberal giving)Nishtha (dedication)Satya (truth)Ahimsa (non-violence)Upeksha (forbearance)
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Principles of Good GovernanceIdentify the needs of the people and keep
sufficient money/funds in the treasury Observance of traditional principles of
Dharma Money through right meansWealth to be distributed equally among the
deserving Poor and needy to be taken care
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Principles of Good Governance…contd
To uphold the principles of justice and equityNo man should be convicted on false
grounds. Religious and secular functions must be
properly balanced. Practice selflessnessNot to acquire wealth, fame and power at
the cost of othersEmbrace death as you embrace life
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Contribution of Ancient Sages and MonksLearning Objectives
Identify & understand the life style of ancient sages
Practice the values taught by them
Appreciate the greatness of ancient saints of India.
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Sages of the WorldSri Aurobindo
Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa
Swami Vivekananda
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Modern Personalities of the World Abraham Lincoln
Albert Einstein
N R Narayana Murthy
Abdul Kalam
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Wisdom of Selflessness and SacrificeSelfishness denotes an excessive or
exclusive concern with oneself, and as such it exceeds mere self interest or self concern.
Selflessness means we act without thought for how we will profit or be rewarded.
Sacrifice refers to personal surrender through acts of inner and outer worship.
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Benefits of Selflessness
Conquers Pride
Expands our Mind
True Friendship
Selflessness is attractive
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Ancient India -Good Governance –Its RelevanceIndia –A living Culture enshrined in timeless
scriptures(The Ramayana and the Mahabharata)
A code of conduct A philosophy of human relationships A saga depicting the complexities of life The realms of soul
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