Download - HUSNA SHARIF roll# 2 SEMESTER#3 rd batch# 5
HUSNA SHARIFHUSNA SHARIF
roll# 2 roll# 2 SEMESTER#3SEMESTER#3rdrd
batch# 5 batch# 5
Carrot cell wallCarrot cell wall
THE CELL WALL
plant cells separated by transparent cell walls
• Introduction to cell wallIntroduction to cell wall• Morphology of cell wallMorphology of cell wall• Composition of cell wallComposition of cell wall• Prokaryotic cell wallProkaryotic cell wall• Eukaryotic cell wallEukaryotic cell wall• Functions of cell wallFunctions of cell wall
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION• FOUND IN PLANT CELLS AND ABSENT IN FOUND IN PLANT CELLS AND ABSENT IN
ANIMALSANIMALS• ALSO FOUND IN BACTERIAL,ALGAL, AND ALSO FOUND IN BACTERIAL,ALGAL, AND
FUNGAL CELLSFUNGAL CELLS• OUTER MOST LAYEROUTER MOST LAYER• FAIRLY RIGIDFAIRLY RIGID• OUTER TO THE CELL MEMBRANEOUTER TO THE CELL MEMBRANE• NON LIVING SUBSTANCENON LIVING SUBSTANCE• MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT AND MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT AND
ANIMAL CELLSANIMAL CELLS
plant cells separated by transparent cell walls
STRUCTURESTRUCTURE• THREE MAIN THREE MAIN
LAYERSLAYERS1.1. MIDDLE LAMELLAMIDDLE LAMELLA2.2. PRIMARY WALLPRIMARY WALL3.3. SECONDARY SECONDARY
WALLWALL
Layers of cell wall
MIDDLE LAMELLAMIDDLE LAMELLA• COMPOSED OF PECTIC ACIDCOMPOSED OF PECTIC ACID• IST FORMED LAYERIST FORMED LAYER• BETWEEN PRIMARY WALLS OF BETWEEN PRIMARY WALLS OF
ADJACENT CELLSADJACENT CELLS• DOES NOT CONTAIN CELLULOSEDOES NOT CONTAIN CELLULOSE• HELP IN TISSUE FORMATIONHELP IN TISSUE FORMATION• ALSO CALLED CEMENTED SUBSTANCEALSO CALLED CEMENTED SUBSTANCE
PRIMARY WALLPRIMARY WALL• COMPOSED OF CELLULOSE ,PECTIC COMPOSED OF CELLULOSE ,PECTIC
ACID AND LEGNINACID AND LEGNIN• CELLULOSE ARRANGED INA CRISS CELLULOSE ARRANGED INA CRISS
CROSS NMANNERCROSS NMANNER• TRUE WALLTRUE WALL
SECONDARY WALLSECONDARY WALL• INNER MOST LAYER OF CELL WALLINNER MOST LAYER OF CELL WALL• EXTREMELY THICKEXTREMELY THICK• CELL DIES WHEN CELL WALL FORMS CELL DIES WHEN CELL WALL FORMS
COMPLETELYCOMPLETELY• MADE UP OF MADE UP OF
CELLULOSE,LEGNIN,SILICA,AND CELLULOSE,LEGNIN,SILICA,AND WAXES ETCWAXES ETC
COMPOSITION OF CELL COMPOSITION OF CELL WALLWALL• DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT SPECIESDIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT SPECIES• IN PLANT FROM CELLULOSEIN PLANT FROM CELLULOSE• IN BACTERIA PEPTIDOGLYCANIN BACTERIA PEPTIDOGLYCAN• IN FUNGI CHITININ FUNGI CHITIN• IN ALGAE GLYCOPROTIENS AND IN ALGAE GLYCOPROTIENS AND
POLYSACCARIDESPOLYSACCARIDES
PROKARYOTIC CELL WALLPROKARYOTIC CELL WALL(BACTERIAL CELL WALL)(BACTERIAL CELL WALL)• PRESENT IN MOST OF BACTERIAPRESENT IN MOST OF BACTERIA• ABSENT IN SOME e.g. MYCOPLASMAABSENT IN SOME e.g. MYCOPLASMA• MADE UP OF MUREINMADE UP OF MUREIN• HAS NO CELLULOSEHAS NO CELLULOSE• MUREIN ALSO CALLED AS MUREIN ALSO CALLED AS
PEPTIDOGLYCANPEPTIDOGLYCAN• PEPTIDO FOR AMINO ACIDS AND GLYCAN PEPTIDO FOR AMINO ACIDS AND GLYCAN
FOR SUGARS(DISACCARIDS)FOR SUGARS(DISACCARIDS)
Gram positive bacterial cell wall
Gram negative bacterial cell wall
EUKARYOTIC CELL WALLEUKARYOTIC CELL WALL
• ALGAL CELL WALLALGAL CELL WALL
• FUNGAL CELL WALLFUNGAL CELL WALL
ALGAL CELL WALLALGAL CELL WALL• HAVE CELLULOSE AND A VERIETY OF HAVE CELLULOSE AND A VERIETY OF
GLYCOPROTIENSGLYCOPROTIENS• ALGENIC ACID,SULFONATED ALGENIC ACID,SULFONATED
POLYSCCARIDES,SPOROPOLLENIN, POLYSCCARIDES,SPOROPOLLENIN, AGAROSE, PORPHYRAN ARE DIFFERENT AGAROSE, PORPHYRAN ARE DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS USED IN CELL WALLS OF COMPOUNDS USED IN CELL WALLS OF VARIOUS ALGAL SPECIESVARIOUS ALGAL SPECIES
• DIATOMS(specie of algae) SYNTHESIZE DIATOMS(specie of algae) SYNTHESIZE THEIR CELL WALL FROM SILICIC ACIDTHEIR CELL WALL FROM SILICIC ACID
CELL WALLS OF DIATOMS
FUNGAL CELL WALLFUNGAL CELL WALL• NOT ALL SPECIES OF FUNGI HAVE NOT ALL SPECIES OF FUNGI HAVE
CELL WALLSCELL WALLS• MOSTLY FUNGAL CELL WALLS ARE MOSTLY FUNGAL CELL WALLS ARE
MADE OF UP CHITINMADE OF UP CHITIN• SOME CONTAIN OTHER SOME CONTAIN OTHER
POLYSACCHARIDES ALSOPOLYSACCHARIDES ALSO• CELLULOSE IS ABSENT CELLULOSE IS ABSENT
Chemical structure of a unit from a chitin polymer chain.
FUNCTIONS OF CELL WALLFUNCTIONS OF CELL WALL• SHAPESHAPE• PROTECTIONPROTECTION• TRANSPORTTRANSPORT• SRENGTH AND REGIDITYSRENGTH AND REGIDITY• PERMEABILITYPERMEABILITY• REGULATION OF CELL VOLUMEREGULATION OF CELL VOLUME
• CREATES STABLE OSMOTIC CREATES STABLE OSMOTIC PRESSUREPRESSURE
• HYDROPHILIC HYDROPHILIC • CONTROL RATE AND DIRECTION OF CONTROL RATE AND DIRECTION OF
GROWTHGROWTH• CARBOHYDRATE STORAGECARBOHYDRATE STORAGE• ECONOMIC PRODUCTSECONOMIC PRODUCTS