Associates
Guide: Associate Professor Gopala Reddy KBhushith M KChandan Y
Meganashree H RAkshatha K
GLOBAL ENERGY SCENARIO
At the current energy consumption rate, proven coalresources should last for about 200years, oil for 40yearsand natural gasses for 60years
As predicted there will be a 40+ percent increase in theworld’s renewable-generated electricity over next 5years
Wind energy is the world’s fastest growing energy source,expanding globally at a rate of 25% to 35% annually overthe last decade
Hydro is the second largest available renewable sourceand its energy market is around 20% to 30% annually.
Solar technologies are predicted to be 4.9% of globalrenewable electricity by 2017
Renewable energy sources have attracted special attention
due to the security of energy supply by reducing the
dependence on imported fossil fuels
And also there is a reduction in emission of green house
gases like co2 from the burning of fossil fuels
Hence renewable energy sources are sustainable energy
sources that can be relied upon for a long time span and it
is cost effective. Also, considerably efficient
SELF SUFFICIENT HOMES
We know that the electric power which is being suppliedto the domestic consumers by the utility is not continuous,especially in India. Hence we can make use of renewableenergy sources which are available in and around aparticular house. Such houses are called as -
“Self Sufficient Homes”
Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydrocan be made use of to generate electric power to satisfythe power requirements of a house. The most commontypes of domestic power generation make use of solarpanels or vertical axis wind turbine or Pico hydro systems.
But using only one of these to generate electricity is less
reliable. Hence all the three renewable sources of energy
mentioned above (solar, wind and hydro) are integrated
together into a hybrid electric power generating system.
This ensures the consumer continuous power supply. And,
the energy generated here can be stored in a battery for
further consumption
GENERATION OF
ELECTRICITY FOR
DOMESTIC PURPOSES(USING SOLAR, WIND & HYDRO)
ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION USING
“SOLAR” ENERGY
The solar cells are interconnected in certain series or parallel
combinations to form modules. These modules are hermetically
sealed for protection against corrosion, moisture, pollution and
weathering
A combination of suitable module constitutes an array
One Square meter of fixed array kept facing south yields nearly
0.5kWhr of electrical energy on normal sunny days if the
orientation of the array is adjusted to face the sun’s rays
PV panel which we have made use of consists of 64 cells
which gives an output of 20 Volts
Electricity generated is stored in a battery for future use
ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION USING
“WIND” ENERGY
A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic
energy from the wind into electrical power. A wind
turbine used for charging batteries may be referred to
as a wind charger
The WECS consists of major components like aero-
turbine, gearing, coupling, and generator
We make use of “Vertical Axis” wind turbines for
domestic purposes as it is cost effective
At normal wind speeds of the range 5m/s to 10m/s, the
WECS generates a voltage of 110 Volts
We have made use of a “Savonious Wind Turbine”
ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION USING
“HYDRO” ENERGY
When water is pumped into the overhead tank using amotor, the water falling into the tank has certain amountof kinetic energy which can be utilized to generateelectricity.
At the point where the water falls into the tank, agenerator is connected which is coupled to a blade.
And when the water falls on the blade, it starts rotatingwhich induces emf inside the armature of the generatorthus producing electricity. A voltage of 80V is obtainedhere
GOING “HYBRID” We integrate all the three electric power generating
modules to optimize the utilization of renewable energies
Since the output from all the generating modules isvariable, we make use of DC – DC converter to get afixed magnitude of DC
A battery is used to store the electric power generated
We also make use of a charge controller which facilitatesproper and safe charging of the batteries
Hybrid electric powergenerating systems usuallysupply island networks thatare not connected to anintegrated grid coveringseveral houses
Large potential for ruralelectrification especiallywith renewable energysources can be found indeveloping countries
It also provides continuouspower supply to theconsumers as Hybrid powergeneration is not seasonal
Initial cost is high
Monitoring of turbine speed in
WECS is difficult
Voltage generated is not
constant and hence voltage
regulators must be used
Since output is dc in all the
three generating modules,
inverters should be used in
order to utilize the generated
energy for lighting purposes
Advantages Disadvantages
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
An “Automatic Charge Controller ” can be
implemented
Once the power requirements of a particular
house is fulfilled and if there is excess power
available , “ Grid – Integration ” can be done
(Power Selling)
REFERENCES
1. J. Bhagwan Reddey, D.N. Reddy ―Probablistic Performance Assessment of a Roof Top Wind, Solar Photo Voltaic Hybrid Energy
System‖, Engineering Science and Education Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 281-298, February 2008.
2. Stanley R. Bull, ―Renewable Energy Today and Tomorrow‖, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 316-381, August 2001.
3. R.Chedid & H. Akiki, ―A decision Support Technique for the Design of Hybrid Solar-Wind Power System‖, IEEE Transaction of
Energy Conversion Vol. 13, No.1,pp. 154-176, March 1998.
4. Nabil A. Ahmed & Masafumi Miyatake, ―A Stand-Alone Hybrid Generation System Combining Solar Photovoltic and Wind Turbine
with Simple Maximum power Point Tracking Control‖.
5. Riad Chedid & Safur Rahman, ―Unit Sizing and Control of Hybrid Wind Solar Power Systems‖, IEEE Transaction of Energy Con
version, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 181-195, March 1997.
6. Jozef Paska, Piot & Biczel, Mariusz Klos, ―Experience with Hybrid Power Generating System‖.