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• Hydrates of carbon molecules• Main function is to provide energy• Categories of carbohydrates include
– Simple Carbohydrates (sugars) • Monosaccharide• disaccharides
– Complex Carbohydrates (starches and fiber)• polysaccharides
Carbohydrates
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Simple Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide
•______________ • _______________________________
• ________________
C6H12O6
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Yellow= hydrogen, Green= oxygen, Pink= carbon
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Simple Carbohydrates: _________________
•sugar made of _____ _________________ bonded together
•Examples: Sucrose, maltose, lactose
•Sucrose is made of a covalent bond between __________ and _____________
C12H22O11Required Dehydration
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Lose H2O, left with shared O
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Sugars in Food
__________________ is the application of heat to break
down sugars
_____________ is the formation of crystals.
• Important for many candies like fudge and fondant.
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________ Carbohydrates: Cellulose• Humans cannot digest• A ________________ made of
_________________• Makes up dietary fiber
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__________ Carbohydrates: Starch
• Starch is a type of ________________• Made up of a chain of thousands of glucose molecules
• Store energy in plants • Gelatinizes between 140-158°
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Lipids
• Form in which animals store ____________
• Fats can come from both ________ and _______ sources
• Most lipids are fats or oil
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-is-fat-george-zaidan
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1.Triglycerides are made up of glycerol and 3 chains of __________
2.____________ are fats that can be solid or liquid3.Fatty acids can be ___________ or ____________4.Fatty acids with only single bonds between
carbons are called ______________ and are generally _______ for you
5.Fatty acids with at least one double bond are called ________________ and are _________ for you
6.The two forms of unsaturated fat are __________ and _________
7.Which form is
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______________ Fats
• _______________• Should be consumed
in moderation• _________ at room
temperature– May be cis or trans
fat
_____________ fats
• ______________• Have some health
benefits• _______ at room
temperature
• fatty acids• Affect flavor and smell of foods
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Proteins
• Proteins are ____________________________• The characteristics of a protein are determined by the
_____________________________________• There are _____________that can be found in proteins• The amino acid bond is a peptide bond between a
molecule from the __________ group (-NH2) and a molecule from the ___________ group (-COOH)
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Primary Structure: Sequence of a ____________________
Secondary Protein Structure: Occurs when the sequence of amino acids are ____________ ________________________
Tertiary Protein Structure: Occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets
Quaternary Protein Structure: A protein Consisting of more than one amino acid _______
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• A mineral is an element found in small amounts in the body. – Minerals are essential in skeleton growth and
necessary for body systems to function properly.
Minerals
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Macro vs Micro
• There are two groups of minerals.
– ____________________ (or majorminerals)
– ____________________ (or trace minerals)
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• A vitamin is an __________ substance needed in small quantities to perform specific functions.– They do not ____________, but are necessary
in _____________. – Vitamins aid the body by assisting to regulate
body functions, keeping the body healthy, and developing resistance to diseases.
Vitamins
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What is the importance of vitamins as a nutrient?
• Vitamins are in one of two groups. – ____________ vitamins are stored in ___________
and released as they are needed by the body. • These include vitamins ________________
– ______________are dissolved by __________ and need to be consumed every day. • They include vitamin _______and
_______________.
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ADEK
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___________________________________ __________________________________
The ________________- dissolves many substances
Water also promotes biochemical processes. All biochemical reactions in the body require
water. Water is a major component of cells, blood, and
body tissues.
Water
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Phytochemicals
• Chemicals made by plants to serve a function such as _____________________ ___________________________________
• Many have health benefits for humans • Found in fruits and veggies
o _________________________o Help prevent the formation of carcinogens
(cancer-producing substances)o Reduce cholesterol levelso Help move food through your intestinal tract