IBERIANS IN AMERICA
1488: Bartolemon Diaz rounded the southern cone of Africa1492: Columbus’ first voyage1498: Vasco da Gama arrives in India1519-1522 Magellan circumnavigates the earth
1492: Columbus 1494 The Treaty of Tordesillas 1519-1521 Cortes' conquest of Mexico1530-1533: Pizarro--Peru (Inca) 1564 Philippines occ'ed by Spain1580-1640: Spain and Portugal under unified rule—Not a thorough integration
Cortes Moctezuma
•Why the Iberians ?•Gold and silver mines•Impact on population•Impact of silver on world economy•Plantations •Sugar•New World and the Old
Potosi mines
1520 1522 1548 1568 1608
Mexico 25 11.2 4.7 2.2 0.852
Peru 9 0.6
GREAT DYING(Population in million)
Plantations
• Forced labor• Depends on continued import of slaves• Large scale factory-like organization• Owner has complete control• Specialized production for distant markets• Political control from overseas
Sugar mill
Economic impacts
• New commodities• Profits from trade• Shipping technology• New sources of bullion• Inflation• Creation of a global network
Columbian Exchange
• New WorldCorn, potato tomato,
peppers, chocolate, vanilla, tobacco, beans, pumpkin, avocado, peanuts, pecan, cashew, pineapple, sunflower
• Old WorldHorses, cattle, pigs,
sheep, chickens, honeybee, wheat, rice, barley, oats, soy, sugar cane, onion, lettuce, citrus, banana, olive, tulips