Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Dr John Leverton
IFHA Representative to ICAO Aerodrome Panel
HAI Heliport Design Focal Point
Advisor - Infrastructure Development, AHS
ICAO ‘ANNEX 14 UPDATE’ (ICAO Annex 14 Volume II –Heliports)
WORKSHOP #2
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
1 RD
1 D **
(1 D – 1 RD) = (approx.) 0.2 RD
D = Overall Length **
RD = (Main) Rotor Diameter
“Arc of Tail Rotor”
1 D = (approx.) 1.2 RD
Helicopter Dimensions
** US/FAA Uses ‗Overall Length‘ 1 OL = 1 D – AC-2C will use ‗D‘
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELIPORT TERMINOLOGY
• ICAO ANNEX 14:
R = ROTOR DIAMETER –2004 Annex 14 and Annex6: ‗R‘ not used in ‗Tranche 1 Annex 14‘
D = ‗D Factor‘ = OVERALL LENGTH
UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH AND/OR LENGTH [UC]- 2004 Annex 14
UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH [UCw] – ‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14
• FAA AC-2B:
RD = ROTOR DIAMETER
OL = OVERALL LENGTH [‗D‘ in AC-2C]
MAX. UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH/LENGTH = UC
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Length of Undercarriage
Maximum width
or length of the
undercarriage (UC): used
for defining size of TLOF
in 2004 Annex 14
changed in Tranche 1
Annex 14 to TLOF
defined in terms of ‗D‘.
Undercarriage width
(UCw): used for defining
taxiway width
Width of Undercarriage (UCw)
UNDERCARRIAGE DIMENSIONS
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
APPROXIMATE
RELATIONSHIPS
•FATO = 1.5 D [1.5 X OVERALL LENGTH (OL)]
• TAIL ROTOR SIZE: 1/6 TO 1/5 RD
• D = 1.16 RD TO 1.2 RD
• ASSUME ‗D‘ = 1.2 RD
THAN 1.5 D = 1.8 RD and 1 RD = 0.83 D **
Approx 1/3 RD = 0.25 D – Approx 2 x 1/3 RD = 0.5 D
** Used in ‗tranche 1‘ for TLOF size etc.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
DIFFERENCES
AC-2B ANNEX 14
PARKING AREA = HELICOPTER STAND
HOVER TAXI = AIR TAXI
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELIPORT TERMINOLOGY
FATO: Final Approach and Takeoff Area
TLOF: Touchdown and Liftoff Area
Safety
Area
FATO –
TLOF
SAME TERMINOLOGY – BUT DIFFERENT MEANING
2004 ANNEX 14 - FATO MAIN LOAD BEARING AREA
New ANNEX 14 - TLOF MAIN LOAD BEARING AREA
FAA AC-2B -TLOF MAIN LOAD BEARING AREA
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
PRESENTATION TERMINOLOGY
RD = ROTOR DIAMETER
D = ‗D Factor‘ = OVERALL LENGTH (OL)**
UCw = MAX. UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH OR LENGTH
** Note: On some charts ‗OL‘ is used!
PC1, PC2 & PC 3 is used to reference heliports designed on the assumption are
―intended to be used by helicopters operated in performance class‖ 1, 2 and 3
respectively.
The ‗diagrams‘, although illustrating the approximate relative sizes,
are NOT to scale - this is not stated on some but not all diagrams.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ANNEX 14 ‗CONCEPTS‘
Surface Level Heliports
In ‘tranche 1’ text changed to make
intent clear.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FAA CONCEPT
AC 150/5390-2B
TLOF
FATO
Safety Area
HELICOPTERS CAN HOVER-TAXI OR GROUND-TAXI TO PARKING AREA
EACH TLOF MUST BE LOCATED
IN A FATO SURROUNDED BY A
SAFETY AREA
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Safety
Area
FATO
TLOF
HELIPORT TERMINOLOGY
FATO: Final Approach and Takeoff Area
TLOF: Touchdown and Liftoff Area
FATO and TLOF can be any shape – usually square or round
TLOF located
in a FATO
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Safety
Area
FATO
TLOF/Central Zone
HELIPORT TERMINOLOGY
FATO: Final Approach and Takeoff Area
TLOF: Touchdown and Liftoff Area
TLOF can be outside of FATO located in a helicopter stand
Protection Area
Helicopter Stand
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + TLOF+ SAFETY AREA
Annex 14 - FATO with TLOF
NOT TO SCALE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + TLOF+ SAFETY AREA
Annex 14 - FATO with TLOF
NOT TO SCALE
France proposed during
HDWG meetings and at
AP2 that more than one
TLOF should be allowed in
a FATO – not supported by
other ICAO members for
‗safety reasons: NOT
included in ‗tranche 2‘.
France said it has propose it
again in response to State
Letter is issued - not known
if change will be made!!
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SURFACE (GROUND) LEVEL
HELIPORTS
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
―Free Field‖ FATO with TLOF
SAFETY AREA
TLOF
FATO
NOT TO SCALE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 3 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO with TLOF + 3 Helicopter Stands
HELICOPTER
STANDs FATO + TLOF+ SAFETY AREA
NOT TO SCALE
Non-Simultaneous Operations
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + TLOF Collocated
with Helicopter Stand
TLOF collocated with STAND
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
FATO
Aiming
Point
Marking
OPTIONAL
IFHA
recommends
it should be
used!
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + TLOF Collocated with Helicopter Stand
+ 3 Additional Helicopter Stands
TLOF collocated with STAND
STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
Air/Hover Taxi or
Ground Taxi
Non-Simultaneous Operations
NOT TO SCALE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + TLOF Collocated with Helicopter Stand
+ 3 Additional Helicopter Stands (2 Sizes)
TLOF collocated with STAND
HELICOPTER STANDs [Two sizes of STANDs]
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
Air/Hover Taxi or
Ground Taxi
Non-Simultaneous Operations
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 3 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + TLOF Collocated with Helicopter Stand
+ 3 Additional Helicopter Stands
TLOF collocated with STAND
STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
Air/Hover Taxi or
Ground Taxi
Non-Simultaneous Operations
NOT TO SCALE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 3 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
‗Overlapping‘ TLOFs collocated with STANDs
NOT ALLOWED
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 3 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
‗Overlapping‘ TLOFs collocated with STANDs
NOT ALLOWED –SAFETY REASON
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 3 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 3 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
FATO must be
designed to size of
largest helicopter i.e.
‗design helicopter‘
TLOFs/Stands can
be designed to size
of largest helicopter
i.e. design helicopter
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 3 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
TLOFs + Stands can be
designed for different
size helicopters FATO must be
designed to size of
largest helicopter i.e.
design helicopter
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 3 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
3 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
ICAO Annex 14 Vol II is very
‗flexible‘ when designing
surface (ground) level
heliports and allows many
layouts, while providing a
good ‗safe design‘.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated
with a Helicopter Stand
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated with a
Helicopter Stand + 3 Helicopter Stands
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
Simultaneous Operations
3 Stands
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated with a
Helicopter Stand + 3 Helicopter Stands
Non-Simultaneous Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
3 Stands
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated with a
Helicopter Stand + 3 Helicopter Stands
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
A helicopter ‗flight‘ terminates at
(or commences from) a TLOF
3 Stands
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated with a
Helicopter Stand + 3 Helicopter Stands
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
Air (or ground) helicopter
movement or operation **
** This is NOT a ‗flight’.
3 Stands
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated with a
Helicopter Stand + 3 Helicopter Stands
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
A helicopter ‗flight‘ terminates at
(or commences from) a TLOF
3 Stands
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated with a
Helicopter Stand + 3 Helicopter Stands
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air/Hover Taxi
NOT TO SCALE
Air (or ground) helicopter
movement or operation **
** This is NOT a ‗flight’.
3 Stands
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated with a
Helicopter Stand
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
NOT TO SCALE
Air/Hover Taxi
A helicopter ‗flight‘
terminates at (or
commences from) a
TLOF
TLOF/Stand Central Zone
Static LB
* Rec - SLB
FATO * + Safety Area-
No load bearing
reqirement!! *
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 Helicopter Stands
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
NOT TO SCALE
Air/Hover Taxi
A helicopter ‗flight‘
terminates at (or
commences from) a
TLOF
TLOF/Stand Central
Zone Static LB
* Rec - SLB
FATO * + Safety Area-
No load bearing
reqirement!! *
Applies to PC2/PC3 Heliports ONLY …
… for PC1 Heliports the FATO shall have
―bearing strength sufficient to accommodate
a rejected take-off by helicopters operated in
performance class 1‖
i.e. be Dynamic Load Bearing (DLB)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 TLOFs each collocated with a
Helicopter Stand
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
NOT TO SCALE
Air/Hover Taxi
A helicopter ‗flight‘
terminates at (or
commences from) a
TLOF
TLOF/Stand Central Zone
Static LB
* Rec - SLB
FATO * + Safety Area-
No load bearing
reqirement!! *
Concept illustrated is not supported by all HDWG members
and it does not appear to be ‗in line‘ with Annex 6. Even so it
is LAI opinion that this is used as bases for text in ‗tranche 1‘
Annex 14 (and proposed ‗tranche 2‘): this aspect is to be
address again in the development of the Heliport Manual.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 Helicopter Stands
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
NOT TO SCALE
Air/Hover Taxi
A helicopter ‗flight‘
terminates at (or
commences from) a TLOF
– Most Nations accept
that ‗flight‘ can be
terminated in a ‗hover‘
TLOF Dynamic LB
FATO –Static LB
Stand-Static LB
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO + 2 Helicopter Stands
Non-Simultaneous Stand Operations
2 TLOFs collocated with STANDs
FATO + SAFETY AREA
NOT TO SCALE
Air/Hover Taxi
A helicopter ‗flight‘
terminates at (or
commences from) a TLOF
– Most Nations accept this
can be terminated in an
‗hover‘
TLOF Dynamic LB
FATO –Static LB
Stand-Static LB
Air (or ground) helicopter
movement or operation
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF collocated with STAND
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air Transit Route
NOT TO SCALE
FATO + TLOF
FATO with TLOF + Air Transit Route
Day =7RD [5.8D]
Night =10RD [8.3D]
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF collocated with STAND
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air Transit Route
NOT TO SCALE
FATO + TLOF
FATO with TLOF + Air Transit Route
Day =7RD [5.8D]
Night =10RD [8.3D]
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF collocated with STAND
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air Transit Route
NOT TO SCALE
FATO
Marking??
FATO + TLOF Collocated with Helicopter
Stand + Air Transit Route
Day =7RD [5.8D]
Night =10RD [8.3D]
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF collocated with STAND
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air Transit Route
NOT TO SCALE
FATO + TLOF
FATO with TLOF + Air Transit Route
Day =7RD [5.8D]
Night =10RD [8.3D] NOT USED IN PRACTICE – PROPOSED TO REMOVE
REFRENCE TO ‗AIR TRANSIT ROUTES‘ IN TRANCHE 2
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF collocated with STAND
FATO + SAFETY AREA
Air Transit Route
NOT TO SCALE
FATO
Marking
NOT
agreed!
FATO + TLOF Collocated with Helicopter
Stand + Air Transit Route
Day =7RD [5.8D]
Night =10RD [8.3D]
NOT USED IN PRACTICE – PROPOSED TO REMOVE
REFRENCE TO ‗AIR TRANSIT ROUTES‘ IN TRANCHE 2
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATOs / TLOFs
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATOs / TLOFs
***Annex 14, like FAA ACs,
give Minimum Sizes ****
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SQUARE /CIRCULAR FATOs/TLOFs
Annex 14 allows the FATO and TLOF to be square,
rectangular or circular ... or in fact any shape. It is not
mentioned in Annex 14 but it is generally accepted that square
or rectangular FATOs or TLOFs – or those with ‗straight edge‘
sides - provides much better visual cues, particularly on
approach, to the pilot than a circular FATOs or TLOFs.
Similar at a distance during nighttime operations, a square or
rectangular pattern of FATO or TLOF perimeter edge lights
provides the pilot with better visual cues and information on
drift displacement, closure rate, etc. than a circular pattern.
Thus there are advantages in designing heliports with a square
FATO and/or square TLOF or for the FATO and/or TLOF
being hexagonal, octagonal or a shape with ‗straight edges‘.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SQUARE /CIRCULAR FATOs/TLOFs
Annex 14 allows the FATO and TLOF to be square,
rectangular or circular ... or in fact any shape. It is not
mentioned in Annex 14 but it is generally accepted that studies
show that square or rectangular FATOs or TLOFs – or those
with ‗straight edge‘ sides - provides much better visual cues,
particularly on approach, to the pilot than a circular FATOs or
TLOFs. Similar at a distance during nighttime operations, a
square or rectangular pattern of FATO or TLOF perimeter
edge lights provides the pilot with better visual cues and
information on drift displacement, closure rate, etc. than a
circular pattern. Thus there are advantages in designing
heliports with a square FATO and/or square TLOF or for the
FATO and/or TLOF being hexagonal, octagonal or a shape
with ‗straight edges‘.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO INTERPRETATION
SURFACE HELIPORTS
• FATOs in AC-2B and Annex 14 are similar but ‗different‘!
• 2004 Annex 14 main ‗Load Bearing Surface‘
• ‗Tranche 1‘ 2009 Annex 14 TLOF main ‗Load Bearing Surface‘ **
• FAA – need NOT be ‗load bearing‘ [TLOF provides ‗load bearing surface‘]
• FAA requires FATO (and/or TLOF) perimeter to be marked.
• Annex 14 requires FATO and TLOF perimeter to be marked only if ―perimeter is not self –evident‖ i.e if not clearly visible. [IFHA proposed TLOF perimeter to be always marked with white line ... NOT supported by other ICAO member!!]
** Also retained in Annex 14 Vol ‗Tranche 2‘ 2013.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF Annex 14
TLOF CAN BE LOCATED INSIDE THE FATO
OR COLLOCATED WITH A HELICOPTER STAND.
‗Tranche 1‘ Change/Clarification – retained in ‗Tranche 2‘
FATO SURROUNDED BY SAFETY AREA
‗TLOF COLLOCATED WITH A ‗HELICOPTER STAND‘
(PARKING AREA) IS ―PROTECTED‖ BY HELICOPTER
STAND SAFETY AREA.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF
•‗Tranche 1‘ 2009 / ‗Tranche 2‘ (2013) ANNEX 14
-TLOF CAN BE LOCATED INSIDE THE FATO OR COLLOCATED WITH A
HELICOPTER STAND.
-FATO SURROUNDED BY SAFETY AREA
-TLOF COLLOCATED WITH STAND ―PROTECTED‖ BY HELICOPTER STAND
REQUIREMENTS
AC -2B / AC-2C
–EACH TLOF MUST BE LOCATED IN A FATO SURROUNDED BY A SAFETY AREA.
–SAFETY AREAS MUST NOT OVERLAP.
–HELICOPTER CAN HOVER-TAXI OR GROUND-TAXI TO PARKING AREA
•
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELIPORTS INTENDED TO BE USED BY
HELICOPTERS OPERATED IN
PERFORMANCE CLASS 1
[NO CORRESPONDING FAA AC-2B REQUIREMENTS]
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELIPORTS INTENDED TO BE USED BY HELICOPTERS OPERATED IN
PERFORMANCE CLASS 1
[NO CORRESPONDING FAA AC-2B REQUIREMENTS]
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELIPORT - PC 1
• ICAO Annex 14
– Minimum FATO ―as prescribed in the Flight Manual‖ [ For ‗free field‘ Cat A / PC1 operation, the FATO (which includes the RTOA) can be up to 1600 ft (490m) or more at MTOM/High Temp: for Restricted Cat A procedure **
[NO CHANGE IN ‗TRANCHE 1‘ or ‗TRANCHE 2‘ ANNEX 14.]
– Minimum TLOF – 0.83D
[CHANGED IN ‗TRANCHE 1‘ ANNEX 14]
• FAA AC-2B/AC-2C [Transport –Operations with large Helicopters]
– FATO: Width 100 ft (30.5m) or 2 RD
Length 200 ft (61m) or 2 RD
– TLOF: 50 ft (15.25m) or 1 RD
………………………………………………………………………………………
** Size for ‗safe restricted area Cat A operation‘ is quoted in the R/HFM for helicopters certificated for Cat A operations. Values vary from 1.15 D (B206T) to 2.25 D (S61). [Some confusion however if size quoted in H/RFM value is the FATO!]
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Protection Zone 400 ft (122 m)
PC1/TRANSPORT HELIPORT
ICAO Annex 14 [Performance Class 1]
[TLOF NOT SHOWN]
FATO: Value in Flight Manual [Approx. 1D ~ 2.25D]
‘Free-field’ Takeoff: 1000-1500 ft (300-460 m)
Safety Area – 0.25D (load bearing)
RTOA – ‗Zero‘ to several Hundred ft/m
FATO Width 2RD – Min 100 ft (30 m)
FATO Length 2RD – Min 200 ft (61 m)
FAA AC-2C - Transport Heliport
TLOF: 1 RD – Min 50 ft (15 m)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO SIZE – PC1
The dimensions of a FATO shall be:
a) where intended to be used by helicopters operated in
performance class 1, as prescribed in the helicopter flight manual
(HFM) except that, in the absence of width specifications, the width shall
be not less than the greatest overall dimension (D) of the largest helicopter
the FATO is intended to serve;
Note.— Where the term FATO is not used in the HFM, the
minimum landing/take-off area specified in the HFM for the
appropriate flight profile is used.
‗Tranche 1‘ 2009 Annex 14 Par 3.1.3 a
[No Change in ‗tranche 2‘]
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO SIZE – PC1
3. Operating area considerations
3.1 FATO
For operations in performance Class 1, the dimensions of the
FATO should be at least equal to the dimensions specified in the
helicopter flight manual.
Note.— A FATO that is smaller than the dimensions specified in the
helicopter flight manual may be accepted if the helicopter is capable
of a hover out of ground effect with one engine inoperative (HOGE
OEI), and the conditions of 4.1 below can be met.
Justification: Annex 6 ‗Appendix to Attachment A: Example’
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO SIZE – PC1
However a change of policy over the last few years by the major
airworthiness/certification authorities such as the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA/USA), Transport Canada and European Aviation
Safety Agency (EASA), in the way that the Category A (Performance Class
1) Heliport/Helipad (landing area) requirements defined in the
Rotorcraft/Helicopter Flight Manual (R/HFM) are established means that
the procedures defined in Annex 14, Volume) are no longer appropriate and
could lead to an un-safe situation if interpreted in a certain manner.
IFHA has recommended that this aspect is re-examined within the ICAO
Heliport Design Working Group (HDWG), changes made to the design
requirement for Performance Class 1 heliports and/or discussion held with
the various airworthiness/certification authorities with a view to getting the
procedures used to establish the ‗Category A restricted heliport, helipad or
landing area helipad sizes‘ changed to the those originally used and defined
in FAA AC 29-2C Certification of Transport Category Rotorcraft.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
‗Helipad size‘ values in the Rotorcraft/Helicopter Flight Manual (R/HFM) in the 1980s typically
gave values of 1.5D or more: i.e..
‗AS355F1 and AS355F2 (certificate in 1980 and 1987 respectively) was 2.51D.
‗Helipad sizes‘ have, relative to 1D, tended to decrease over the years so that the ‗helipad size‘ in
1990/2000 time frame was reduced to typically 1.3D/1.4D: i.e.
S-76 - 1.33D (1996) , B427- 1.41D (1999), EC135P2 - 1.23D (2002).
In some recently issue R/HFMs the ‗helipad size‘ quoted are in the order of 1D and in some cases
less than 1D! i.e.
Bell 429 (2002) – 0.99D, AgustaWestland 139 (2003)‘
―Clearly there is no way that the ‗helipad size‘ which encompasses the rotor system can be less than
say 1.25D and, in terms of ICAO Annex 14 Volume II, it would appear that the R/HFM value is
‗more like‘ the TLOF. One manufacturer confirmed this in 2000 when a similar issue was being
addressed in the USA. it is an area which encompasses (with an adequate safety margin) the
undercarriage and is not in any way related to area which can ‗contains‘ the rotor system.‖
HELIPORT - PC 1
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Diagrammatic representation of procedure to determine ‗helipad size‘
of helipad based on the position of the rotors as outlined in AC 29-2C –
this is the assumption on which Annex 14 requirements are based.
HELIPORT - PC 1
Envelope of the ‗rotors‘
during OEI landings and
takeoffs.
‗Safety Area‘ added to ‗envelope’
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Diagrammatic representation showing ‗areas‘ based on
the position of the rotors and the undercarriage.
HELIPORT - PC 1
Envelope of the ‗undercarriage‘
during OEI landings and takeoffs
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Diagrammatic representation of the ‗helipad size‘ based on
the undercarriage and the rotors
HELIPORT - PC 1
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELICOPTER CLEARWAY
• 2004 Annex 14: Helicopter clearway. A defined area on the ground or water under the control of the appropriate authority, selected and/or prepared as a suitable area over which a performance Class 1 helicopter may accelerate and achieve a specific height
• ‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14 :. Helicopter clearway. A defined area on above the ground or water, selected and/or prepared as a suitable area over which a helicopter operated in performance Class 1 may accelerate and achieve a specific height.
Définition retained for ‗tranche 2‘
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELICOPTER CLEARWAY
• 2004 Annex 14: Helicopter clearway. A defined area on the ground or water under the control of the appropriate authority, selected and/or prepared as a suitable area over which a performance Class 1 helicopter may accelerate and achieve a specific height
• ‗New‘ Tranche 1 Annex 14 :. Helicopter clearway. A defined area on above the ground or water, selected and/or prepared as a suitable area over which a helicopter operated in performance Class 1 may accelerate and achieve a specific height.
This was re-addressed as part of tranche 2 review
– some members felt it should also apply to PC2
and PC3 takeoffs but no changes proposed.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
PC1 GROUND SPACE
RTOA length and Takeoff distance given in R/HFM – but normally
„width‟ of RTOA not quoted.
Free-field/Clear-area Cat A
FATO
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
PC1 GROUND SPACE
„Clearway‟
Area to be protected – not required to be load bearing
Free-field/Clear-area Cat A
FATO
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
„Clearway‟ Area to be
protected – not required to
be load bearing
Area defined in the H/RFM
PC1 GROUND SPACE
Restricted Area/Short-field Cat A
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELICOPTER CLEARWAY
2004 Annex 14
• 3.1.6 When it is necessary to provide a helicopter clearway, it shall be located beyond the upwind end of the rejected take-off area available.
‘New‘ Tranche 1 Annex 14
• 3.1.9 When a helicopter clearway is provided, it shall be located beyond the end of the rejected take-off area available within the FATO.
Proposed ‗Tranche 2‘ Annex 14
• 3.1.910 When a helicopter clearway is provided, it shall be located beyond the end of the rejected take-off area available FATO.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELIPORTS INTENDED TO BE USED BY
HELICOPTERS OPERATED IN
PERFORMANCE CLASS 2 and 3
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SURFACE-LEVEL (ICAO)
GROUND-LEVEL (US/FAA)
HELIPORTS
Annex 14 - PC2/PC3 [NOT case for helicopter with MTOM 3175 kg (7000 lb)]
FAA AC-2C – General Aviation (GA)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
PC2/PC3
SURFACE LEVELHELIPORTS
LOAD BEARING AREA –SIZE
TLOF/HELICOPTER STAND – MARKING
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF
• TLOF/‗load bearing area‘ is the area in
which the wheels or skids are ―intended
to be contained‖
- TLOF in the FATO
- TLOF in a Stand
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF
• TLOF/‗load bearing area‘ is the area in
which the wheels or skids are ―intended
to be contained‖
- TLOF in the FATO
- TLOF in a Stand
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SIZE OF FATO
SIZE OF TLOF
TOUCHDOWN/POSITIONING
MARKING
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SIZE OF FATO
SIZE OF TLOF
TOUCHDOWN/POSITIONING
MARKING APPLICABLE TO BOTH SURFACE (GROUND) LEVEL
AND ELEVATED HELIPORTS ..... AND HELIDECKS
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Annex 14 - PC2/PC3
Note: Examples are based on PC2/PC3 Heliport
where in the ‗Tranche 1 Annex 14‘ the FATO is
1 D - for heliports designed for operations with
helicopter with MTOM 3175 kg (7000 lb) or
less, these are allowed under Annex 14 to have a
smaller FATO of 0.83 D.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Touchdown Marking
Annex 14 (2004)
5.2.8.2 A touchdown marking shall be located
so that when a helicopter for which the marking
is intended is positioned, with the main
undercarriage inside the marking and the pilot
situated over the marking, all parts of the
helicopter will be clear of any obstacle by a safe
margin.
ICAO Annex 14 Heliport Design Workshop
- HeliExpo 2007
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76
0.5D Touchdown Circle
1 D FATO
Undercarriage
TLOF 1.5 UC
„Pilot‟ Position
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76
0.5D Touchdown Circle
1 D FATO
Undercarriage
TLOF 1.5 UC
„Pilot‟ Position
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
EC 155
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
MD 500/520N
1 D FATO
0.5D Touchdown Circle
Undercarriage
TLOF 1.5 UC „Pilot‟ Position
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
1 D FATO
Pilot Position
0.5D Touchdown Circle
TLOF 1.5 UC
Undercarriage
Bell 427
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
EC 155
0.5D Touchdown Circle
1 D FATO
Undercarriage
TLOF 1.5 UC
„Pilot‟ Position
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
1 D FATO
Pilot Position
0.5D Touchdown Circle
TLOF 1.5 UC
Undercarriage
Sikorsky S-92
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-61N
1 D FATO
0.5D Touchdown Circle
Undercarriage
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1D FATO 0.5D Touchdown Circle
AS 360 Dauphin
Rotor Disc
Center of
1D FATO
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Undercarriage
1 D FATO
UH-70 / Blackhawk
0.5D Touchdown Circle
„Pilot‟ Position
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EC 155
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ICAO Annex 14 Heliport Design Workshop
- HeliExpo 2007
S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76 (Wheeled
Helicopter)
TLOF =
Approx 1 RD
i.e 0.83 D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TOUCHDOWN MARKING
• Analysis established that a ‗Touchdown
marking‘ consisting of a circle of
diameter of 0.5D centered on the FATO
or Stand, will satisfy the requirements for
unidirectional positioning to an
acceptable level of accuracy/safety.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76
0.5D Touchdown Circle
1 D FATO
„Pilot‟ Position
Undercarriage
TLOF 1.5 UC
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76
0.5D Touchdown Circle
1 D FATO
Undercarriage
Proposed TLOF 0.83D (1RD)
„Pilot‟ Position
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT
Performance Class 2 & 3
FATO 1D
TLOF 1.5 U/C
Safety Area 0.5 D
2004 Annex 14
Dynamic
Load-1D Major Study of TLOF
size requirements and
use of Touchdown
Marking by IFHA for
the Onshore Heliport
Sub-group: increase in
size agreed and
included in ‗tranche 1‘.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF / FATO
‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14
‗TLOF‘ INCREASED FROM 1.5 UC TO 0.83D (1RD)
‗FATO‘ DECREASED FROM 1.5D TO 1D
Note: NAME OF ‗TOUCHDOWN MARKING‘ CHANGED TO
‗TOUCHDOWN/POSITIONING MARKING’
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Touchdown/Positioning Marking
‘Tranche 1‘ (2009) Annex 14
5.2.9.2 A Touchdown/Positioning Marking should be provided when it is necessary for a helicopter to touch down or be accurately placed by the pilot in a specific position
Proposed ‗tranche 2‘ Annex 14 [minor change]
5.2.10.23 A Touchdown/Positioning Marking shall be so located so that when the pilot‘s seat is over the marking, the whole of the undercarriage will be within the load bearing area TLOF or FATO/TLOF and all parts of the helicopter will be clear of any obstacle by a safe margin.
‗Tranche 2‘ Proposal: minor change
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Perimeter markings and the ‗H‘ (heliport designation
marking) provides the pilot with visual cues on the
location of the heliport and information on the rate-of-
closure on approach etc., but does not provide
information on where to touchdown on the TLOF or
position the helicopter during maneuvers on the TLOF
or parking area. A Touchdown/Positioning (circle)
marking – TDPC marking – provides such information.
TPM markings are widely used by the offshore (oil)
industry on helidecks and on heliports in many nations.
It is being included in AC 150-5390-2B by the FAA
Touchdown/Positioning Marking
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
1D TLOF Arc of Tail
Rotor turning
about the rotor
hub
Helicopter parked
forward of center
Bell 427: Landing/Parked Forward of ‗H‘
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76: Landing/Parked Forward of ‗H‘
‗Hover turning‘ about the rotor hub
Arc of Tail Rotor
turning about the
rotor hub
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
1D TLOF
Arc of Tail
Rotor Turning
about the Pilot
S-76: Landing/Parked Forward of ‗H‘
‗Hover turning‘
about the pilot
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76:Arc of Tail Rotor
Turning about the Pilot
Arc of Tail
Rotor Turning
about the Pilot
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76 Parked over TDP ‗circle‘ marking
1D/OL FATO
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Arc of Tail Rotor
using TDP ‗circle‘
marking
1D/OL FATO
S-76 Parked over TDP ‗circle‘ marking
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
S-76: Arc of Tail Rotor using TDP ‗cicle‘
marking
1D/OL FATO
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Arc of Tail
Rotor turning
about the rotor
hub
S-76 Parked over TDP ‗circle‘ marking
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
1D TLOF
Diameter 1D
Bell 427: Parked over TDP
‗circle‘ marking
Arc of Tail Rotor
using TDP
‗circle‘ marking
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TD/P (Circle) marking 0.5OL (0.5D) inner diameter
[32.40 ft/9.88 m]
1D [64.80 ft/19.75 m]
Tail Wheel Position (arc): turning using
the ‘TD/P circle’
Main Rotor ‘Tip Path’
Tail Wheel Location
UH-60: Turning using the ‘TD/P circle’
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
1D [64.80 ft/19.75m]
Tail Wheel Position (arc):
turning around the rotor axis
Main Rotor ‘Tip Path’
Tail Wheel Location
UH-60: Turning about the rotor hub
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
A TDP marking provides the pilot with information on where
to position the helicopter and ensures:
(i) the rotor system, and in particular the tail rotor, is clear of
obstacles in the vicinity of the heliport/helideck or parking
area (helicopter stand),
(ii) the undercarriage is positioned within the load bearing
area (TLOF) or helicopter parking area by an adequate safe
margin, and
(iii) the rotor system and undercarriage are stay well with the
safety and load bearing area (TLOF) during air (hover)
turning maneuvers.
Touchdown/Positioning Marking
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
A TDP marking provides the pilot with information on where
to position the helicopter and ensures:
(i) the rotor system, and in particular the tail rotor, is clear of
obstacles in the vicinity of the heliport/helideck or parking
area (helicopter stand),
(ii) the undercarriage is positioned within the load bearing
area (TLOF) or helicopter parking area by an adequate safe
margin, and
(iii) the rotor system and undercarriage are stay well with the
safety and load bearing area (TLOF) during air (hover)
turning maneuvers.
Touchdown/Positioning Marking
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
A TDP marking provides the pilot with information on where
to position the helicopter and ensures:
(i) the rotor system, and in particular the tail rotor, is clear of
obstacles in the vicinity of the heliport/helideck or parking
area (helicopter stand),
(ii) the undercarriage is positioned within the load bearing
area (TLOF) or helicopter parking area by an adequate safe
margin, and
(iii) the rotor system and undercarriage are stay well with the
safety and load bearing area (TLOF) during air (hover)
turning maneuvers.
It is of major importance when the
helicopter using the heliport is of the
maximum size for which the heliport
was designed.
Touchdown/Positioning Marking
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
A TDP marking provides the pilot with information on where
to position the helicopter and ensures:
(i) the rotor system, and in particular the tail rotor, is clear of
obstacles in the vicinity of the heliport/helideck or parking
area (helicopter stand),
(ii) the undercarriage is positioned within the load bearing
area (TLOF) or helicopter parking area by an adequate safe
margin, and
(iii) the rotor system and undercarriage are stay well with the
safety and load bearing area (TLOF) during air (hover)
turning maneuvers.
Touchdown/Positioning Marking
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
HELIDECK MARKING
Helideck prohibited landing sector markings
Prohibited landing sector markings, where deemed necessary, are applied to indicate a range of
helicopter headings that are not to be used by a helicopter when landing. This is to ensure that the
nose of the helicopter is kept clear of the hatched markings during the maneouvre to land.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SUMMARY
TLOF-FATO-Safety Area Sizes
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
PC2 and PC3 Surface Level Heliport
Annex 14
FATO – SLB -1D
TLOF
Dynamic Load
Bearing (DLB)
0.83D (1RD)
Safety Area – 0.5 D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SURFACE (GROUND) LEVEL HELIPORT
Performance 2 & 3
ICAO Annex 14
Static
Load
1D
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D FATO 1D
TLOF 0.83 D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1.5 U/C
Safety Area 0.25 D
2004 Annex 14
FATO
Static
Loading
Dynamic
Load
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SURFACE (GROUND) LEVEL HELIPORT
Performance 2 & 3
ICAO Annex 14
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D FATO 1D
TLOF 0.83 D
Safety Area 0.585 D
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1.5 U/C
Safety Area 0.25 D
Current ICAO Annex 14
FATO
Static
Loading
Dynamic
Load
Also FATO of 0.83 D
allowed for
Helicopters with MTOM of
3175 kg or less **
(i.e. FATO and TLOF same
size)
** Part 27 Helicopters
(3175 kg/7000 lbs or less)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Annex 14 – PC2 / PC 3
3.1.3 The dimensions of a FATO shall be
b) where intended to be used by helicopters operated in performance Class 2 and 3, of sufficient size and shape to contain an area within which can be drawn a circle of diameter not less than:
1) 1D of the largest helicopter when the MTOW of helicopters the FATO is intended to serve is more than 3175 kg,
2) 0.83 D of the largest helicopter when the MTOM of helicopters the FATO is intended to serve is 3175 kg or less.
FAR/JAR Part 27 mass (weight) limit: 3175 kg = 7000 lbs / 0.83 D = 1 RD
‗Tranche 1‘ (2009) Annex 14 Par 3.1.3
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Annex 14 – 1D FATO + 0.83D TLOF Annex 14 – 0.83D FATO / TLOF (Helicopter less than 3175 kg/7000lbs)
2D
FATO/TLOF – DLB – 0.83D
Touchdown/Position Marking – 0.5D
FATO – SLB – 1D
SLB = Static Load Bearing: DLB = Dynamic Load Bearing
TLOF – DLB – 0.83D
Safety
Area
PC2/PC3 Surface Level Heliport
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/CLASS 2 & 3
FATO 1D
TLOF 0.83 D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FAA AC-2C Annex 14
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1RD
Safety Area 1/3RD
Static
Load-1D
Dynamic
Load-1RD
Static
Load
1.5 D
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/CLASS 2 & 3
FATO 1D
TLOF 0.83 D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FAA AC-2C Annex 14
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1RD
Safety Area 1/3RD
Static
Load-1D
Dynamic
Load-1RD
Static
Load
1.5 D
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D
FAA AC-2B ―More Demanding FATO size requirement‖
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/CLASS 2 & 3
FATO 0.83D
TLOF 0.83 D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FAA AC-2C
ICAO Annex 14
3175 kg (7000 lb) or less
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1RD
Safety Area 1/3RD
Dynamic
Load-1RD
Static
Load
1.5 D
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D
0.83D=1RD
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT FAA PPR + Hospital Heliports/CLASS 2 & 3
FATO 0.83D
TLOF 0.83 D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FAA AC-2B ICAO Tranche 1 Annex 14
3175 kg (7000 lb) or less
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1RD
Safety Area 1/3RD
Dynamic
Load-1RD
Dynamic
Load
0.83 D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ELEVATED HELIPORTS
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
TLOF
High level of turbulence
over TLOF ‗Clean‘ air flow
over TLOF
NO Airgap
TLOF on top of building
Airgap
TLOF above top of building
ELEVATED HELIPORTS - TURBULENCE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
‗Tranche 2‘ Annex 14
Elevated Heliport
3.2.11 Recommendation.— The FATO/TLOF should be located so as to minimize the
influence of the surrounding environment, including turbulence, which could have an
adverse impact on helicopter operations.
Note.— Specific guidance to determine if an air-gap under the heliport and/or
some other turbulence mitigating design measure is necessary is given in the Heliport
Manual (Doc 9261). If turbulence mitigating design measures are warranted but not
practical, operational limitations may need to be considered under certain wind
conditions.
Helideck
3.3.5 A helideck shall be arranged to ensure that a sufficient and unobstructed air-gap is
provided which encompasses the full dimensions of the FATO/TLOF.
Note.- Specific guidance on the characteristics of an air-gap is given in the Heliport
Manual (Doc 9261). As a general rule, except for shallow superstructures of three
stories or less, a sufficient air-gap will be at-least 3m.
ELEVATED HELIPORTS - TURBULENCE
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
New Term introduced in ‗tranche 2‘ .... FATO/TLOF
FATO/TLOF. A FATO and a TLOF which occupy the same
space and have the same load bearing characteristics, on an
elevated heliport, a helideck or a shipboard heliport.
Note: In this presentation some charts which refer to ‗elevated
heliports/helidecks‘ and hence the FATO/TLOF have been changed
…but not all.
.....
ELEVATED HELIPORTS
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ICAO FATO/TLOF
ELEVATED FACILITIES
•ELEVATED HELIPORTS - PC 1:
• SIZE PRESCRIBED IN FLIGHT MANUAL *
• MINIMUM WIDTH 1D
[TYPICALLY VALUES FOR LENGTH: 1.1 D TO 2.6 D]
* Problem with R/HFM ‗Cat A Issue‘
[ HELIDECKS: 1 D]
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ICAO FATO/TLOF
ELEVATED FACILITIES
•ELEVATED HELIPORTS - PC 1:
• SIZE PRESCRIBED IN FLIGHT MANUAL *
• MINIMUM WIDTH 1D
[TYPICALLY VALUES FOR LENGTH: 1.1 D TO 2.6 D]
• ELEVATED HELIPORT - PC 2/3 ** - 1D
- 0.83D less than 3175 kg (7000 lbs)
* Problem with R/HFM ‗Cat A Issue‘
** In 2004 Annex 14 – NO PC 3 ALLOWED: Annex 6 (2007) allowed PC 3
Heliports and ‗tranche 1‘ Annex 14 was updated to allow this.
[ HELIDECKS: 1 D]
AC-2C: Major Change
1D for Elevated GA and Hospital Heliports.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ELEVATED HELIPORTS
Annex 14 - PC2/PC3
FAA AC-2C – General Aviation (GA)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 & PC3
FATO/TLOF 1D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FAA AC-2C ICAO Annex 14
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1RD
Safety Area 1/3RD
Dynamic
Load
Static
Load
1RD
1 D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 & PC3
ICAO Annex 14
FATO/TLOF 1D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FAA AC-2C
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1D
Safety Area 1/3RD
Dynamic
Load-1D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 & PC3
ICAO Annex 14
FATO/TLOF 1D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FAA AC-2C
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1D
Safety Area 1/3RD
Dynamic
Load-1D FATO of 0.83 D
allowed for
Helicopters with
MTOW of 3175 kg
(7000 lbs) or less
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ELEVATED HELIPORT PPR
FATO/TLOF 0.83D
Safety Area 0.585 D
FAA AC-2 C PPR
ICAO Annex 14 for Helicopters with MTOW of 3175 kg (7000 lbs) or less
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1RD
Safety Area 1/3RD
Dynamic
Load
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 & PC3
ICAO Annex 14
FATO/TLOF 1D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FAA AC-2C
HOSPITAL HELIPORT
FATO 1.5D
TLOF 1D
Safety Area 1/3RD
Dynamic
Load-1D
AC-2C: Major Change - 1D Elevated Hospital Heliports
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Annex 14 – 1D FATO / TLOF Annex 14 – 0.83D FATO / TLOF (Helicopter less than 3175 kg/7000lbs)
2D
FATO/TLOF – DLB – 0.83D
Touchdown/Position Marking – 0.5D
FATO /TLOF– DLB – 1D
DLB = Dynamic Load Bearing
Safety
Area
PC2/PC3 Elevated Heliport
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
150° Sector
Centerline
‘obstacle
limitation
surfaces’
Touchdown/Positioning
Marking (circle)
Safety Net
(or Safety Shelf)
Annex 14 - 0.83D FATO / TLOF (Helicopter less than 3175 kg/7000lbs)
0.62D
0.5D
Annex 14
1D FATO / TLOF
0.83D
0.62D
0.83D 0.5D
HELIDECKS
1:2
0.05D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
LONDON BATTERSEA HELIPORT
‗FAILS‘
‗2004 ICAO ANNEX 14
HELICOPTER TOO LARGE.
MEETS US/FAA AC-2B
REQUIREMENTS
W30: RD= 44 ft (13 m)
D=53ft (16 m)
Helipad: Width 53 ft (16 m)
Length 125 ft (38 m)
Based on 2004 Annex 14, R22
(RD - 26 ft/ 7.9 m: D – 29ft/ 8.8
m) would NOT be acceptable!
Just OK if safety area assume
not load bearing.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
LONDON BATTERSEA HELIPORT
MEETS
‗Tranche 1‘ ANNEX 14
PC2 / PC3
REQUIREMENTS .
W30: RD= 44 ft (13 m)
D=53ft (16 m)
Helipad: Width 53 ft (16 m)
Length 125 ft (38 m)
.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Tranche 2 MAJOR Proposed Changes
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ELEVATED HELIPORTS/HELIDECKS
Tranche 1 (2009) Annex 14
Final approach and take-off areas and
touchdown and lift-off areas
Note.— On elevated heliports it is presumed that the FATO and one TLOF will be coincidental.
3.2.2 An elevated heliport shall be provided with one FATO.
Touchdown and lift-off areas
3.2.14 One TLOF shall be coincidental with the FATO.
Note.— Additional TLOFs may be collocated with helicopter stands.
Proposed Tranche 2
Final approach and take-off areas and
touchdown and lift-off areas
Note.— On elevated heliports it is presumed that the FATO and one TLOF will be coincidental.
3.2.2 An elevated heliport shall be provided with at least one FATO/TLOF.
i.e. no separate TLOF requirements.
.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Tranche 1
Touchdown and lift-off areas
3.1.13 At least one TLOF shall be provided at a heliport.
Note 1.— The TLOF may or may not be located within the FATO
.
Note 2.— Additional TLOFs may be collocated with helicopter stands
Tranche 2
Touchdown and lift-off areas
3.1.14 At least one TLOF shall be provided at a heliport.
3.1.15 One TLOF shall be located within the FATO or one or more TLOFs shall be
collocated with helicopter stands. For runway-type FATOs, additional TLOFs located
in the FATO are acceptable. For further guidance see Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).
Surface (Ground) Level Heliport
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Safety
Area
FATO
TLOF/Central Zone
HELIPORT TERMINLOGY
FATO: Final Approach and Takeoff Area
TLOF: Touchdown and Liftoff Area
TLOF can be outside of FATO located in a helicopter stand
Protection Area
Helicopter Stand
OR
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Safety
Area
FATO
TLOF/Central Zone
HELIPORT TERMINLOGY
FATO: Final Approach and Takeoff Area
TLOF: Touchdown and Liftoff Area
TLOF can be outside of FATO located in a helicopter stand
Protection Area
Helicopter Stand
OR
‗Tranche 2‘:Touchdown and lift-off areas
3.1.14 At least one TLOF shall be provided at a heliport.
3.1.15 One TLOF shall be located within the FATO or one or
more TLOFs shall be collocated with helicopter stands. For runway-type
FATOs, additional TLOFs located in the FATO are acceptable. For further
guidance see Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).
Note each ‗remote TLOF‘ must collocated in a separate ‗HELICOPTER
STANDS‘ .
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SAFETY AREA
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SAFETY ZONE/AREAS
• ICAO CURRENT ANNEX 14 – 0.25 D (1/4 OL) OR 3m (10ft)
• FAA AC-2B: These depend to some extent on the Heliport type and whether or not the 1 RD ‗TLOF is marked‘.
i.e.. TLOF Marked: Private Use/PPR 1/3 RD or 10 ft. (3 m)
Hospital 1/3 RD or 10 ft. (3 m)
General Aviation 1/3 RD or 20 ft. (6 m)
Transport Min 30 ft. ( 9 m)
TLOF NOT Marked: ALL 1/2 OL (1/2D) or
20 ft /30 ft (6 m/9m)
(NOTE: TLOF must be marked on Transport Heliport)
NOTE: 1/3 RD is approximately the same dimension as 0.25 D. Thus ‗safety area‘ is effectively the same for both current Annex 14 and ‗FAA‘ when the TLOF is marked. The ICAO requirements assume that the helicopter does not land/park near the edge of the FATO. The FAA requirements assume the helicopter lands in the TLOF if it is marked.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SAFETY AREAS
FATO 1D
Safety Area 0.5 D
2004 Annex 14 ICAO ‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14
FATO 1.5D
Safety Area 0.25D
OVERALL AREA – 2D [UNCHANGED]
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SAFETY AREAS
FATO 1D
Safety Area 0.5 D
FAA AC-2C ICAO ‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14]
TLOF 1D (or 1RD)
Safety Area (1/3RD +
Area Provided by FATO)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SAFETY AREA
2004 Annex 14
FATO – 1.5 D
TLOF – 1.5 UC
Safety
Area
0.25 D
(approx
1/3 RD)
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SAFETY AREA
‗Tranche 1‘ Annex 14
FATO – 1D
TLOF –0.83 D (1RD)
Safety
Area
0.5 D
Total Area – Min 2D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
PC 1: Safety Area at least 3 m or 0.25 D, and:- PC2/PC3: Safety Area at least 3 m or 0.5 D, and:-
a) each external side of the safety area shall be at least 2 D
where the FATO is quadrilateral; or
b) the outer diameter of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is circular.
Safety Area increased if FATO is less than 1 D
so minimum total area is 2 D
Safety Area –– ‗Tranche 1‘
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Annex 14 – 0.83D FATO / TLOF (Helicopter less than 3175 kg/7000lbs)
2D
FATO/TLOF – DLB – 0.83D
Touchdown/Position Marking – 0.5D
DLB = Dynamic Load Bearing
Safety
Area
PC2/PC3 Surface Level Heliport
3.1.20 [Surface-level Heliport]
a) each external side of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is quadrilateral; or
b) the outer diameter of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is circular.
Same for Elevated Heliport – 3.2.20
Safety Area increased if FATO
is less than 1 D so total area is a minimum of 2 D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
FATO – LBA – 2D Safety
Area -
0.25D FATO – LBA – 2D
Safety Areas – ‗Tranche 1
PC1 Heliport
PC2/PC3 Heliport
Safety
Area -
0.5D
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
Safety
Area -
0.25D FATO – LBA – 2D
Safety Areas – ‗Tranche 2‘ Proposal
PC1 Heliport PC2/PC3 Heliport
Safety
Area -
0.25D FATO – LBA – 2D
Tranche 2: Text changed to make PC1 Heliport
requirements to apply to PC2/PC3 Heliports
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
SAFETY AREAS
‗Tranche 2‘ Annex 14
Safety areas
3.1.21 A FATO shall be surrounded by a safety area which need not be solid.
3.1.22 A safety area surrounding a FATO intended to be used by helicopters operated in
performance class 1 in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) shall extend outwards from the periphery of the
FATO for a distance of at least 3 m or 0.25 D, whichever is greater, of the largest helicopter the FATO is
intended to serve and:
a) each external side of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is quadrilateral; or
b) the outer diameter of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is circular.
(See Figure 3-1.)
3.1.21 A safety area surrounding a FATO intended to be used by helicopters operated in performance
class 2 or 3 in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) shall extend outwards from the periphery of the FATO for a
distance of at least 3 m or 0.5 D, whichever is greater, of the largest helicopter the FATO is intended to serve and:
a) each external side of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is quadrilateral;
or b) the outer diameter of the safety area shall be at least 2 D where the FATO is circular.
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ISSUES STILL TO BE ADDRESSED
…. WILL BE STUDIED WHEN DEVELOPING
HELIPORT MANUAL???
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
PC2/PC3 – ―ISSUE‖
SUGGESTION by one HDWG member:
Helicopter clearway. A defined area on the ground or water, selected and/or prepared as a suitable area over which a helicopter may accelerate and achieve a specific height.
[i.e. proposal that reference to PC1 in definition in
‗tranche 1Annex 14‘ is removed so it applies to all operations.]
Takeoff
Profile
35 ft / 10.7 m **
Area required in order of 200 m / 670 ft
** NOT defined in Annex 14 or ‘New’ Annex 14
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
PC2/PC3 – ―ACCELERATION DISTANCE‖
TOPIC CURRENTLY ADDRESSED IN ICAO HELIPORT MANUAL NOT ANNEX 14 - ISSUE RELATED TO TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE, APPLICATION OF H-V CURVES ETC.
ICAO HELIPORT MANUAL STATES –
•1.2.1.7 …. , a FATO of greater size than the statutory minimum dimensions should be provided, over which the helicopter can accelerate safely to its climbing speed before leaving the ground effect.
•1.2.1.9 Helicopter flight manuals contain performance graphs which indicate combinations of forward speed and height above ground in which flight should be avoided since, in the event of engine failure, … Therefore, to provide the helicopter with an area over which it can safely accelerate to avoid these unsafe combinations, it may be prudent to provide the sizes of FATO suggested in Table 1-1 ….
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
PC2 / PC3 – FATO Length?
• Required most nations in Europe for PC2 and PC3 ‗public transport‘ heliports.
• Not required in US (FAA) but 280 ft/85 m ‗protection zone‘ is applied
• Not required in Canada (Transport Canada)
• Technically requirement has some merit but there is a need to find way for States to
be flexible in addressing such a requirement!
• Not supported by HAI for PC2 or PC3 heliports
• Supported by EHA
Takeoff
Profile
35 ft / 10.7 m
Area required in order of 200 m / 670 ft
AC-2B Protection Zone
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
ANNEX 6 ISSUE
Annex 6 - Attachment A 2.3.2 Operations in Performance Class 2 should only be
conducted with a safe-force-landing capability during take-off and landing.
This recommendation, in the new Attachment to Annex 6,
is considered by some HDWG members to be a requirement that means that a safe-force-landing area must be provided within the vicinity of the heliport !! This would require in the order of 300 m/1000 ft ‗protection zone‘ i.e. distance to the DPATO.
No agreed IFHA position – concept not supported by HAI
Leverton Associates International ICAO ‘Annex 14 Update’ Workshop – HAI HeliExpo 2012
End of this section ….
…… MORE TO COME