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ICAO EnglishICAO English FluencyFluencyby Petter Zugaibby Petter Zugaib
WEBCONFERENCE
(BY SKYPE)
What is Fluency?What is Fluency?
Being able to:Being able to:
a.a. express oneself readily and express oneself readily and effortlessly.effortlessly.
b.b. Communicate with a powerful and Communicate with a powerful and effective language; effective language;
c.c. Have a good command of language.Have a good command of language.
L3 Produces stretches of language, butphrasing and pausing are often inappropriate.
Hesitations or slowness in languageprocessing may prevent effectivecommunication. Fillers are sometimesdistracting.
FILLERS FILLERS In English, the most common filler sounds are uh /ə/, er /ɚ/ and um /əm/. Among youths, the fillers "like", "you know", "actually",
"literally",and "basically" are more prevalent. “Right...like...you know...actually...I mean...kind of... um... basically...in a manner of speaking...just...if you don't mind me saying...uh...really...I suppose...if truth be told...without a doubt...or something...in actual fact...well...yeah...errr...of course...so if you know what I mean...and stuff... “
SAMPLESSAMPLES
HINTSHINTS
1. Organize your thoughts
2. Say the filler word..but only in your head
3. Pause and take a break
4. Practice
5. Keep it Short, Simple
L4 L4 Produces stretches of language atan appropriate tempo. There maybe occasional loss of fluency ontransition from rehearsed orformulaic speech to spontaneousinteraction, but this does notprevent effective communication.Can make limited use of discoursemarkers or connectors. Fillers arenot distracting.
DISCOURSE MARKERSDISCOURSE MARKERS
Some words and phrases help to develop ideas and relate them to one another. These kinds of words and phrases are often called discourse markers.discourse markers. Note that most of these discourse markers are formal and used when speaking in a formal context.
SAMPLESSAMPLES
L5L5 Able to speak at length with relative ease on familiar topics, but may not vary speech flow as a stylistic device. Can make use of appropriate discourse markers or connectors.
SPEAK AT LENGTHSPEAK AT LENGTH
L6L6 Able to speak at length with a natural, effortless flow. Varies speech flow for stylistic effect, e.g. to emphasize a point. Uses appropriate discourse markers and connectors spontaneously.
Resources
http://www.elllo.org
http://pilotsfluency.ning.com
http://hubpages.com/hub/Filler-Words-in-english
http://www.ensc.sfu.ca/~whitmore/courses/esl/vocab_04.htm
Thank you!