ICT and medicineICT and medicine
ObjectivesObjectives
The uses of ICT in medicine The uses of ICT in medicine • in patient records, medical equipments, internet in patient records, medical equipments, internet
devices…etcdevices…etc Advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in Advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in
medicine medicine Computers and the disabledComputers and the disabled Examples of computer systems used by the disabledExamples of computer systems used by the disabled
The uses of ICT in medicineThe uses of ICT in medicine
communications
Research
Web-based diagnosis
Expert systems
Medical equipments
Patient records
ICT in medicine
Patient recordsPatient records
Medical records used to be stored on Medical records used to be stored on paper but now it is transferred to a paper but now it is transferred to a computer data basecomputer data base
It keeps a track of patients’ medical It keeps a track of patients’ medical history e.g. the prescribed drugs and history e.g. the prescribed drugs and what illness the patient has suffered what illness the patient has suffered fromfrom
Data bases of patients have been used to Data bases of patients have been used to track trends in illnesses such as heart track trends in illnesses such as heart diseasedisease
Data bases of organ donors and patients needing Data bases of organ donors and patients needing transplanttransplant
Patient records Patient records
Advantages Advantages
Access will be quicker.
Access will be quicker.
Takes up less spaceTakes up less spaceWriting will be easy
to readWriting will be easy
to read
Transfer of records will be quicker
between GPs and hospitals
Transfer of records will be quicker
between GPs and hospitals
Patient records Patient records
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Inputting enormous amounts of data from
paper-based records canTake much time
Inputting enormous amounts of data from
paper-based records canTake much time
Patient records may be lost or hacked
Patient records may be lost or hacked
Some doctors may find it difficult to
enter electronic records
Some doctors may find it difficult to
enter electronic records
Medical equipmentsMedical equipments
Scanners Scanners • Are used to process their data into a Are used to process their data into a
readable formatreadable format
MicroprocessorsMicroprocessors• Are used to control a variety of medical Are used to control a variety of medical
devices such as pacemakersdevices such as pacemakers
Computer guided lasers Computer guided lasers • Are used in operations. For example the Are used in operations. For example the
removal of brain tumorsremoval of brain tumors
Medical equipments Medical equipments
Advantages Advantages
New types of surgeries possible
New types of surgeries possible
Reduce waiting times in the
hospital
Reduce waiting times in the
hospital
Surgeons can perform operations remotely
Surgeons can perform operations remotely
Medical equipments Medical equipments
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Computers have defects and
can break down
Computers have defects and
can break down
Doctors have to retrain to use the
new equipments
Doctors have to retrain to use the
new equipments
ResearchResearch ICT has changed the way in which medical research is conductedICT has changed the way in which medical research is conducted
• Modelling the effects of new drugsModelling the effects of new drugs
• ICT is used to conduct clinical trialsICT is used to conduct clinical trials
• Collaboration between international teams e.g. Human Genome ProjectCollaboration between international teams e.g. Human Genome Project
ResearchResearch
AdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantages
Management of clinical trials online
Management of clinical trials online
Better quality of life for
the disabled
Better quality of life for
the disabled
Collaboration between
healthcareprofessionals
Collaboration between
healthcareprofessionals
ResearchResearch
DisadvantagesDisadvantagesDisadvantagesDisadvantages
Can neverCan never replace clinical trialsreplace clinical trials
Can neverCan never replace clinical trialsreplace clinical trials
Web-based diagnosis (Internet services)Web-based diagnosis (Internet services)
You can find a wide variety of medical You can find a wide variety of medical information such as :information such as :• Symptom diagnosis, for people who wish to identify Symptom diagnosis, for people who wish to identify
their problem without consulting a GP (General their problem without consulting a GP (General practitioner)practitioner)
• Access to medical research/journalsAccess to medical research/journals
• Information about side effectsInformation about side effects
• Information about available treatmentsInformation about available treatments
Web-based diagnosisWeb-based diagnosis
AdvantagesAdvantages
24/724/7 accessaccess to informationto information
24/724/7 accessaccess to informationto information
Support for Support for
patients frompatients from
other sufferersother sufferers
Support for Support for
patients frompatients from
other sufferersother sufferers
Access to research Access to research
for professionalsfor professionalsAccess to research Access to research
for professionalsfor professionals
Web-based diagnosisWeb-based diagnosis
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
can lead tocan lead to incorrectincorrect
diagnosisdiagnosis
can lead tocan lead to incorrectincorrect
diagnosisdiagnosis
Incorrect Incorrect
prescribed drugsprescribed drugsIncorrect Incorrect
prescribed drugsprescribed drugs
Expert systemsExpert systems
Also called knowledge-based systems Also called knowledge-based systems They are computer programs that attempt They are computer programs that attempt
to replicate the performance of a human to replicate the performance of a human expert on some specialized reasoning expert on some specialized reasoning tasks tasks
Store and manipulate knowledge so that Store and manipulate knowledge so that they can help the user to solve a problem they can help the user to solve a problem or make a decisionor make a decision
Expert systems are being used for disease Expert systems are being used for disease diagnosisdiagnosis
Example of expert systemsExample of expert systems
Robots Robots • They have been used to perform They have been used to perform
very accurate operation such as very accurate operation such as those on the brainthose on the brain
Expert systemsExpert systems
AdvantagesAdvantages
It can store more It can store more
knowledge knowledge
than a personthan a person
It can store more It can store more
knowledge knowledge
than a personthan a person
A large data baseA large data base of knowledgeof knowledge
can be added andcan be added and kept up-to-datekept up-to-date
A large data baseA large data base of knowledgeof knowledge
can be added andcan be added and kept up-to-datekept up-to-date
AcquireAcquire
knowledgeknowledge
faster thanfaster than
a human doctor a human doctor
AcquireAcquire
knowledgeknowledge
faster thanfaster than
a human doctor a human doctor
the system cannot the system cannot
forget or get forget or get
facts wrong. facts wrong.
the system cannot the system cannot
forget or get forget or get
facts wrong. facts wrong.
Expert systemsExpert systems
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Some people Some people
prefer a human touchprefer a human touchSome people Some people
prefer a human touchprefer a human touch
CommunicationsCommunications
Teleconferencing has been used to share Teleconferencing has been used to share expertiseexpertise• Surgeons in one country can help those in Surgeons in one country can help those in
the otherthe other
Wireless transmission provides a link Wireless transmission provides a link between hospitals and doctorsbetween hospitals and doctors
Telecommunications Telecommunications • Remote diagnosis can be used to diagnose Remote diagnosis can be used to diagnose
and treat patients remotelyand treat patients remotely
• Patients can monitor their own conditions at Patients can monitor their own conditions at home without need for a visit in a hospital home without need for a visit in a hospital
Computers and the disabledComputers and the disabled
About 10% of people in Britain has some kind of disabilityAbout 10% of people in Britain has some kind of disability Computer systems :Computer systems :
• Improve the ability to communicateImprove the ability to communicate
• Provide opportunities for independence and employmentProvide opportunities for independence and employment
Examples:Examples:• Scanners to convert printed text to verbal out put for visually impairedScanners to convert printed text to verbal out put for visually impaired
• Voice recognition equipment to convert speech to printed output for Voice recognition equipment to convert speech to printed output for hearing impairedhearing impaired
• Special pointing devices to allow interaction with computer for Special pointing devices to allow interaction with computer for physically impairedphysically impaired
• Vision systems with sensors built into special glassesVision systems with sensors built into special glasses
• Computerized devices implanted to improve mobility for physically Computerized devices implanted to improve mobility for physically impairedimpaired
ExamplesExamples
Scanners to convert printed text to verbal out put for visually Scanners to convert printed text to verbal out put for visually impairedimpaired
Voice recognition equipment to convert speech to printed Voice recognition equipment to convert speech to printed output for hearing impairedoutput for hearing impaired
Special pointing devices to allow interaction with computer Special pointing devices to allow interaction with computer for physically impairedfor physically impaired
Vision systems with sensors built into special glassesVision systems with sensors built into special glasses Computerized devices implanted to improve mobility for Computerized devices implanted to improve mobility for
physically impairedphysically impaired
Done byDone by::
HADEEL HADEEL ALLAMALLAM