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Technical Manual
iDEN
System Overview and
Functional Description
6871000P02-B
05-Sept-08
SR 17.0
SYSTEM LEVEL INFORMATION
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Functional Description SR 17.0
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Urbans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Service Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Location Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Chapter 3iDEN Subsystem Overview
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Radio Access Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Key Network Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Links and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Call Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Interconnect Subsystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Interconnect Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Key Network Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Links and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Call Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Dispatch Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Links and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Call Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Packet Data Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Packet Data Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Key Network Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Links and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Call Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Network Management Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Network Management Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Key Network Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Databases and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Links and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
Network Management Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
Other Network Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
iDEN Gateway (iGW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
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Chapter 4
New Melody Core Solution in SR17.0
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
The Melody-based iDEN System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
The Melody Controller Shelf (MCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5Shelf Switch Controller (SSC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Interconnect Subsystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
iDEN Base Site Controller (iBSC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
iDEN Call Processor (iCP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
iDEN Call Processor Input/Output (iCP I/O) Shelf . . . . 4-14
iDEN Voice Processing Unit
Dispatch / Interconnect (iVPUdi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Nortel ATCA R4 Interconnect Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Dispatch Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Highly Available iDEN Home Location Register (iHLR) . . . 4-22
iDEN Surveillance Gateway (iSG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Enhanced Global Title Translation Tool (EGT4) . . . . . . . . . 4-26
Network Management - The OMC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27
Packet Data Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
Chapter 5
iDEN System Functional Description
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Network Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Green Field Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Legacy iDEN System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Network Links and Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
iDEN Network Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
iDEN Protocol Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Network Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Interface Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
End-to-End Call Flows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Radio Access Call Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Interconnect Call Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Dispatch Call Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
Packet Data Call Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
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Chapter 6
Radio Access Network Details
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Radio Access Network Subsystem Description . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2Radio Access Network Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Key Network Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Enhanced Base Transceiver System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
EBTS Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
EBTS Software Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
EBTS Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Chapter 7
Interconnect Subsystem Details
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Interconnect Subsystem Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Interconnect Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
iBSC Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
iBSC Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
iBSC Hardware Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
iBSC Software Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19iBSC Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Mobile Switching Center Functional Description . . . . . . . . 7-23
MSC Functionality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
MSC Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
MSC Software Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
MSC Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
Mobile Location Center Functional Description . . . . . . . . . 7-28
MLC Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
MLC Software Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28MLC Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
Interworking Function (IWF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
IWF Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
IWF Hardware Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
IWF Software Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
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IWF Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
SuperNode Data Manager/Fault Tolerant (SDM/FT) . . . . . . 7-34
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34
SDM/FT Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34
SDM/FT Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
SDM/FT Software Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36
SDM/FT Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36
Chapter 8
Dispatch Subsystem Details
Next Generation for Dispatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Final NGD Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
DAP Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Dispatch Subscriber Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
DAP Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
DAP Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Core Architectural Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
HA-DAP Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
HA-DAP Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
HA-DAP NGD Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-23
Database Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
HA Services Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
iVPU Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Software Description 34
iVPU Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34
iVPU Enhancements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34
Rolling Software Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37
HA-iHLR Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-39
HA-iHLR Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-43
HA-iHLR NGD Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44
HA-iHLR Database ASCII Dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45
iDAC Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48
APD Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-53
iSG Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-57
MPS Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-63
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Chapter 9
Packet Data Subsystem Details
Packet Data Subsystem Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Packet Data Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2Mobile Data Gateway 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
MDG2 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
MDG2 Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
MDG2 Software Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
MDG2 Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Mobile Data Gateway 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
MDG4 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
MDG4 Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
MDG4 Software Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17MDG4 Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
Billing Accumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
BA Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
BA Hardware Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
BA Software Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
BA Network Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27
Chapter 10
Network Management Subsystem DetailsOMC-R Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
NGO Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11
EGT4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Cisco WAN Manager Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
Chapter 11
Other Network Elements
iGW Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
NDM Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
ASP EM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
NDM PWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
NDM BU Admin Web Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
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List of Figures 0
Figure 1-1 Simplified SR16.0 Components Diagram.......................................................... 1-6
Figure 2-1 Initial SU System Contact.................................................................................. 2-2
Figure 2-2 iDEN Network Hierarchical Structure ................................................................ 2-7
Figure 3-1 Radio Access Network Architecture .................................................................. 3-2
Figure 3-2 Call Flow with Radio Access Network............................................................... 3-4
Figure 3-3 SR16.0 Interconnect Architecture ..................................................................... 3-6
Figure 3-4 Interconnect Resource Request Process View (Steps 1-8) ............................ 3-11
Figure 3-5 Interconnect Call Setup Process View (Steps 9-15) ....................................... 3-11
Figure 3-6 Interconnect Connecting Voice Process View (Steps 16-19).......................... 3-12
Figure 3-7 Dispatch Group Call Resource Request (Steps 1-4)....................................... 3-16
Figure 3-8 Dispatch Group Call Paging (Steps 5-9) ......................................................... 3-17
Figure 3-9 Dispatch Group Call Set up (Step 10)............................................................. 3-17
Figure 3-10 Dispatch Group Call Connect Voice (Steps 11-13) ......................................... 3-17
Figure 3-11 SR16.0 Packet Data Architecture.................................................................... 3-20
Figure 3-12 Packet Data Call Flow Registration (Steps 1-8) .............................................. 3-24
Figure 3-13 Network Management (NGO) Architecture ..................................................... 3-26
Figure 3-14 iCP Status Information Flow (Collection)......................................................... 3-30
Figure 3-15 iCP Status Information Flow (Report).............................................................. 3-31
Figure 3-16 iGW Network Flow........................................................................................... 3-33
Figure 3-17 SIP to S2D Call Flow (Steps 1-8).................................................................... 3-36
Figure 4-1 “Legacy” iDEN System...................................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4-2 Melody-based iDEN System ............................................................................. 4-4
Figure 4-3 Melody Controller Shelf (MCS) Front View ...................................................... 4-6
Figure 4-4 Melody Controller Shelf (MCS) Rear View ....................................................... 4-6
Figure 4-5 Shelf Switch Controller (SSC) Blades .............................................................. 4-7
Figure 4-6 SSC Redundancy.............................................................................................. 4-9
Figure 4-7 Interconnect Subsystem ................................................................................. 4-10
Figure 4-8 iDEN Base Site Controller (iBSC) .................................................................. 4-11
Figure 4-9 iDEN Call Processor (iCP) ............................................................................. 4-12
Figure 4-10 iCP Redundancy ............................................................................................ 4-13
Figure 4-11 iDEN Call Processor Input/Output (iCP I/O) Shelf .......................................... 4-14
Figure 4-12 iDEN Voice Processing Unit Dispatch / Interconnect (iVPUdi) in System ...... 4-15
Figure 4-13 iDEN Voice Processing Unit Dispatch / Interconnect (iVPUdi) Cage view...... 4-16
Figure 4-14 Nortel ATCA R4 Interconnect Switch ............................................................. 4-17
Figure 4-15 Home Location Register (HLR), Call Server (CS), Media Gateway (MGW) ... 4-18
Figure 4-16 Dispatch Subsystem ....................................................................................... 4-19
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Figure 4-17 Highly Available iDEN Home Location Register (iHLR) .................................. 4-22
Figure 4-18 iSG Network .................................................................................................... 4-24
Figure 4-19 Enhanced Global Title Translation Tool (EGT4) ............................................. 4-26
Figure 4-20 Network Management - The OMC ................................................................. 4-27
Figure 4-21 OMC Network ................................................................................................. 4-28
Figure 4-22 Packet Data subsystem .................................................................................. 4-30Figure 5-1 iDEN System Architecture................................................................................. 5-2
Figure 5-2 Legacy iDEN System Architecture .................................................................... 5-3
Figure 5-3 Network Protocol and Links Diagram.............................................................. 5-10
Figure 5-4 Legacy Network Protocol and Links Diagram ................................................. 5-13
Figure 5-5 Radio Access Call Flow................................................................................... 5-21
Figure 5-6 Mobile Originated Interconnect Call Setup Step Diagram............................... 5-23
Figure 5-7 Typical Dispatch Call Summary ...................................................................... 5-25
Figure 5-8 Packet Data Call Flow ..................................................................................... 5-27
Figure 6-1 Radio Access Network Architecture................................................................. 6-3
Figure 6-2 NGD Configuration ........................................................................................... 6-4Figure 6-3 NGD Mixed Mode Configuration ....................................................................... 6-5
Figure 6-4 EBTS Cabinets.................................................................................................. 6-9
Figure 6-5 Radio Frequency Cabinet................................................................................ 6-10
Figure 6-6 iSC3 Front Panel ............................................................................................. 6-11
Figure 6-7 iSC2 - Front and Rear Views........................................................................... 6-13
Figure 6-8 Duplex RFDS .................................................................................................. 6-15
Figure 7-1 NGD System ..................................................................................................... 7-3
Figure 7-2 Mixed Mode Configuration ................................................................................ 7-4
Figure 7-3 Split Mode Configuration................................................................................... 7-5
Figure 7-4 iBSC in the iDEN Network................................................................................. 7-7
Figure 7-5 iBSC Architecture .............................................................................................. 7-8
Figure 7-6 iBSC Coverage.................................................................................................. 7-8
Figure 7-7 iBSC Hardware................................................................................................ 7-10
Figure 7-8 iCP Frame Layout ........................................................................................... 7-11
Figure 7-9 iCP I/O Shelf.................................................................................................... 7-12
Figure 7-10 RSL Configurations ......................................................................................... 7-14
Figure 7-11 iVPU Components........................................................................................... 7-15
Figure 7-12 iVPU Front Cage............................................................................................. 7-16
Figure 7-13 iVPU Rear Cage.............................................................................................. 7-17
Figure 7-14 iBSC Links and Interfaces ............................................................................... 7-19
Figure 7-15 MSC in the Interconnect Subsystem............................................................... 7-24
Figure 7-16 MSC Components........................................................................................... 7-25
Figure 7-17 Interworking Function Services ....................................................................... 7-31
Figure 7-18 IWF Front View................................................................................................ 7-32
Figure 7-19 IWF Back View ................................................................................................ 7-32
Figure 8-1 Mixed Mode Stage One..................................................................................... 8-2
Figure 8-2 Mixed Mode Stage Two..................................................................................... 8-3
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Figure 8-3 Next Generation Dispatch Network................................................................... 8-3
Figure 8-4 R10K DAP Cabinet............................................................................................ 8-9
Figure 8-5 R12K DAP Cabinet.......................................................................................... 8-10
Figure 8-6 HA-DAP Cabinet- Front and Rear View .......................................................... 8-19
Figure 8-7 RX7620 Server-Front Panel............................................................................ 8-20
Figure 8-8 RX7620 Server-Back Panel ............................................................................ 8-21Figure 8-9 iVPU Front and Rear Cabinet.......................................................................... 8-32
Figure 8-10 HA-iHLR Front and Rear Cabinet.................................................................... 8-42
Figure 8-11 iDEN Dispatch Access Controller - Front View ............................................... 8-50
Figure 8-12 iDEN Dispatch Access Controller - Rear View ................................................ 8-51
Figure 8-13 Advanced Packet Duplicator - Front View....................................................... 8-55
Figure 8-14 iSG 1 and iSG 2 Cabinet ................................................................................. 8-60
Figure 8-15 MPS Cabinet Lineup ....................................................................................... 8-66
Figure 9-1 NGD System ..................................................................................................... 9-3
Figure 9-2 MDG2 - Front View............................................................................................ 9-6
Figure 9-3 Actual MDG2- Front View.................................................................................. 9-8Figure 9-4 MDG4 in the iDEN Network............................................................................. 9-13
Figure 9-5 MDG4 Board Layout........................................................................................ 9-16
Figure 9-6 MDG4 - Actual Front View............................................................................... 9-17
Figure 9-7 MGD4 User Interface Menu ............................................................................ 9-19
Figure 9-8 Billing Accumulator Mirror Function................................................................. 9-23
Figure 9-9 Billing Accumulator - Front View ..................................................................... 9-24
Figure 9-10 Back Panel of the Billing Accumulator............................................................. 9-25
Figure 10-1 Sun Fire 4800- Front View .............................................................................. 10-4
Figure 10-2 Sun Fire 4800- Rear View ............................................................................... 10-5
Figure 10-3 Enterprise 3500- Front View............................................................................ 10-6
Figure 10-4 Enterprise 3500- Review View ........................................................................ 10-7
Figure 10-5 Netra 440- Front View ................................................................................... 10-13
Figure 10-6 Netra 440-Rear View..................................................................................... 10-13
Figure 11-1 iGW in the iDEN Network ................................................................................ 11-3
Figure 11-2 iGW Cabinet Configuration.............................................................................. 11-5
Figure 11-3 NDM Connectivity in the iDEN Network .......................................................... 11-9
Figure 11-4 NDM Cabinet - Front and Rear ..................................................................... 11-11
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N O T E S . . .
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SR 17.0 Functional Description
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List of Tables 0
Table 1 Reader’s Objectives .......................................................................................... xvii
Table 2 Related Manuals ................................................................................................ xix
Table 3 Recommended iDEN Training........................................................................... xxii
Table 4 Disclosure Table.............................................................................................. xxvii
Table 5 Revision History .............................................................................................. xxviii
Table 6 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... xxix
Table 5-1 Key to iDEN System Components Diagrams.................................................... 5-3
Table 5-2 Key to Network Protocols and Links Diagram ................................................. 5-11
Table 5-3 Key to Legacy Network Protocols and Links Diagram .................................... 5-14
Table 5-4 iDEN Protocol Documentation......................................................................... 5-16Table 7-1 iCP Board Functions ....................................................................................... 7-13
Table 7-2 Split Mode RSL Card Configuration ................................................................ 7-14
Table 7-3 iVPU Board Functions..................................................................................... 7-17
Table 8-1 Mixed Mode and Final NGD Architecture NEs.................................................. 8-4
Table 8-2 Statistics Changes for BCCB 862 ................................................................... 8-12
Table 8-3 Parameters Added for BCCB 1020 ................................................................. 8-25
Table 8-4 Statistics Added for BCCB 1020 ..................................................................... 8-25
Table 8-5 iVPU User Account Commands ...................................................................... 8-37
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N O T E S . . .
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About this manual...
SR 17.0 Functional Description
05-Sept-08 6871000P02-B xv
About this manual...
This chapter of the manual describes the manual in general terms. The major
topics of the chapter include: The intended content of the manual
How the manual is to be used
Other reference material that supports information in this manual
Elements in the appearance of the manual and their meaning
General safety guidelines
The changes to the manual over time
Who helped produce and validate information in the manual
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Purpose
Functional Description SR 17.0
xvi 6871000P02-B 05-Sept-08
Purpose 0
The primary purpose of the iDEN System Overview and Functional
Description is to provide general technical background about the iDEN
system, key subsystems, and network elements. The information in the iDEN
System Overview and Functional Description will expose users to the purposeand parts of the iDEN system and prepare them to locate and use additional
technical information.
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How to Use this Manual
SR 17.0 Functional Description
05-Sept-08 6871000P02-B xvii
How to Use this Manual 0
This manual is designed to supports reader goals for various kinds of infor-
mation. (see Audience Profile).
Chapters 1 through 4 are designed to give the reader a simple overview of theiDEN system. The remaining chapters go into more details and specifics
about the iDEN functions and components.
Audience Profile 1
The iDEN System Overview and Functional Description is intended for iDEN
service providers and iDEN network operators, two key roles associated with
an iDEN system.
Service Providers are those interested in the iDEN system from a business
perspective. This audience is responsible for seeing that the system
generates revenue and meets regulations and service level agreements by
delivering calling services to subscribers and users. Network Operators are those involved in the front-line of an iDEN system,
e.g., implementation or support. This audience is the technical entity
responsible for installing and operating the network infrastructure and links
by which the services are provided to subscribers and users.
Table 1 Reader’s Objectives
Chapter Reader’s Goals
Chapter 1 iDEN Technology Foundation Basic Knowledge
Chapter 2 iDEN System Overview Basic Knowledge
Chapter 3 iDEN Subsystem Overview Basic Knowledge
Chapter 4 New Melody Core Solution for SR17.0 Basic Knowledge
Chapter 5 iDEN System Functional Description Advanced Knowledge
Chapter 6 Radio Access Network Details Advanced Knowledge
Chapter 7 Interconnect Subsystem Details Advanced Knowledge
Chapter 8 Dispatch Subsystem Details Advanced Knowledge
Chapter 9 Packet Data Subsystem Details Advanced Knowledge
Chapter 10 Network Management Subsystem Details Advanced Knowledge
Chapter 11 Other Network Elements Advanced Knowledge
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Customer Network Resolution Center
Functional Description SR 17.0
xviii 6871000P02-B 05-Sept-08
Customer Network Resolution Center 1
The Customer Network Resolution Center (CNRC) is a integral part of the
network support process.
Before performing any major changes or optimization on the system, pleasecontact the CNRC. Notify the CNRC with the nature of the change and the
schedule for the change. This will allow CNRC to have the correct technical
support engineers on call in case they are needed.
Please refer to the Customer Guide to iDEN Customer Network Resolution
Center (CNRC) (WP2000-003) for more information regarding:
Procedures for calling CNRC
Classification of trouble tickets
The escalation processes
This document is located on the iDEN extranet website at the URL:
http://mynetworksupport.motorola.com
The CNRC can be contacted at the following telephone numbers:
United States and Canada
1-800- 499-6477
International
1+847-704-9800
Note Toll-free international access codes are available for many locations.Please refer to Appendix E of the Customer Guide to iDEN Customer
Network Resolution Center (WP2000-003) for a list of these access
codes and dialing instructions.
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Related Manuals
SR 17.0 Functional Description
05-Sept-08 6871000P02-B xix
Related Manuals 1
The following publications may be required to supplement the information
contained in this manual.
These references are available on the Motorola Extranet web site at http://mynetworksupport.motorola.com.
Table 2 Related Manuals
Part Number Document Name
68P81001Y90 OMC-R System Overview
68P81001Y91 OMC-R Configuration Management User’s Guide
68P81001Y93 OMC-R System Administrator Guide
68P81001Y95 OMC-R Performance Management
68P81001Y97 OMC-R Online Change Configuration User’s Guide
68P81001Y92 OMC-R Configuration Management Parameters
68P81001Y94 OMC-R Event/Alarm Management
68P80801A10 MSC Planning and Expansion Guide
68P80801C90 iDEN Packet Data Service Registration And Call
Processes
68P81001Y54 EGT4 Alarm Documentation
68P81001Y53 EGT4 Users Manual
68P81095E55 iDEN System Technical Overview
68P81131E90 Guide to Motorola Acronyms and Terms
68P80801E35 EBTS Volume 1 System Installation and Testing
68P80801E35 EBTS Volume 2 Base Radios
68P80801E35 EBTS Volume 3 RF Distribution Systems
68P81098E05 iDEN Integrated Site Controller System Manual
68P80801E30 iDEN Gen 3 Site Controller System Manual
68P81001Y55 Ethernet Analyzer Detective Software User's Manual
6881012Y80 Interconnect Troubleshooting Guide
68P81001Y77 iBSC Hardware Manual
68P80800H75 BSC Troubleshooting Guide
6880802F80 BSSC3 Hardware Change Manual
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Related Manuals
Functional Description SR 17.0
xx 6871000P02-B 05-Sept-08
6880802F05 BSC MMI Commands
68P81006Y39 Interconnect Troubleshooting Tools - Tools from the
MSC, BSC & SMS
68P80801A10 MSC Planning and Expansion Guide
68P80801A20 MSC Optimization
68P80800E10 IWF Installation Manual
68P80802B05 IWF System Release Implementation Manual
68P80800B95 MDG System Manual SR12.0
68P80801C90 iDEN Packet Data Service –Registration and Call
Processes
68P80802D30 MDG Command Reference
6881012Y82 Packet Data Subsystem Troubleshooting Guide
68P81001Y76 MDG4 Hardware Installation Manual
6881001Y49 DAP User Guide
6881001Y50 DAP Hardware Installation Manual
68P81001Y83 HA Dispatch Application Processor (HA-DAP) User
Manual
68P81001Y84HA-DAP Hardware Installation Manual
68P81001Y52 iHLR User Manual
6881001Y51 iHLR Hardware Installation Manual
68P80801H50 iDEN CPX1205 Common Platform Hardware Refer-
ence Manual
68P80801H55 iDEN Dispatch Access Controller Application Manual
68P80800C45 iDEN Advanced Packet Duplicator Installation
Manual
68P81131E11 CPX Common Platform Hardware Reference Manual
6881012Y17 iDEN Surveillance Gateway (iSG) Application
Manual
68P80802A85 GR Implementation Manual System Release MPS5.1
6871000P31 iDEN Switch Shelf Controller User Manual
Table 2 Related Manuals (continued)
Part Number Document Name
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Related Manuals
SR 17.0 Functional Description
05-Sept-08 6871000P02-B xxi
6871000P36 iDEN Melody Core Solution Hardware Reference
Manual
WP04003o MSO Timing System
WP2002-025 EBTS Backhaul: Frame Relay DSO Requirements
WP2003-009 Initial RF Design Guidelines - RF Planning
WP05008B 900 Quad EBTS Multi-Sector Rack Configuration
WP2003-014 iDEN EBTS Fan Maintenance Plan
WP2001-010 iDEN EBTS Total Site Maintenance
WP2002-026 Inbound Handover Threshold Optimization
WP04008 Legacy BSC to iBSC Reference Guide
WP2002-021 Understanding iDEN System Fault Tolerance -
Interconnect Subsystem
WP2000-002 Overview of iDEN Packet Data RF Operation and
Performance
WP2002-023 Understanding iDEN System Fault Tolerance –
Packet Data Subsystem
WP2003-019 Packet Data Troubleshooting Equipment List for 64K
MDG
WP2003-020 Remote Access to 64K MDG MMI
WP2002-022 Understanding iDEN System Fault Tolerance -
Dispatch Subsystem
WP06003 iVPUd Management of BPP2 Resources
WP06006 SR14.0 IVPUdi BPP2 Resource Management
HC05002 MPS and CWM Health Checks
HC06006 SR14.0 Packet Data Health Check
HC06003 iBSC Health Check
ASCE16 SR16.0 iDEN Alarm and State Change EventReference Manual
Table 2 Related Manuals (continued)
Part Number Document Name
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Recommended Training
Functional Description SR 17.0
xxii 6871000P02-B 05-Sept-08
Recommended Training 2
To further enhance your understanding of the iDEN system, it is recom-
mended that you complete the following Motorola-offered training courses.
Contact your local training coordinator for course enrollment information.
Training Access 3
To access the iDEN Technical Training Course Catalog on MyNetwork-
Support, follow the steps below.
Table 3 Recommended iDEN Training
Course Number Description
GEN101 iDEN Overview
GEN102 iDEN System School
GEN103 iDEN System Overview
FND106 OMC Fundamentals Course
SRL316 An Introduction to System Release 16.0
OPM202 OMC System Administration Course
ADV401 iDEN System Recovery Topics Course
OPM214 iBSC Operations & Maintenance
TO Access the iDEN Technical Training Course Catalog
Step Action
1 Login to MyNetworkSupport at:https://mynetworksupport.motorola.com/
The MyQuickLinks screen appears.
2 Scroll down to the section for iDEN technology.
3 On the right side of the page, click on iDEN Training Catalog.
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Manuals On-line
SR 17.0 Functional Description
05-Sept-08 6871000P02-B xxiii
Manuals On-line 3
This manual is available on the World Wide Web at mynetworksupport , the
iDEN customer site. This site was created to provide secure access to critical
iDEN Infrastructure information. This web site features a library of iDEN
Infrastructure technical documentation such as bulletins, system releasedocuments and product manuals.
The documents are located on the secured extranet website at the URL:
https://mynetworksupport.motorola.com
For information on obtaining an account on this site, go to:
https://membership.motorola.com/motorola
Reporting Manual Errors 3
If you locate an error or identify a deficiency in this manual, please take the
time to contact us at the following email address:
Be sure to include your name, fax or phone number, the complete manual title
and part number, the page number where the error is located, and any
comments you may have regarding what you have found.
Thank you for your time. We appreciate any comments from the users of our
manuals.
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Conventions
Functional Description SR 17.0
xxiv 6871000P02-B 05-Sept-08
Conventions 3
Software submenu commands— Table > Table Designer
new terms— mobile station
keystrokes— Ctrl+Alt+Delete, Return
mouse clicks—click, double-click
user input—Type delete
screen output— DAP is starting....
Hardware CD-ROM
Safety This manual may contain safety notices (alerts). Alerts are based on thestandards that apply to graphics on Motorola equipment. Specific procedural
notices are stated in the procedures as required and have specific visual repre-
sentations. The representations are:
! DANGER
INDICATES AN IMMINENTLY HAZARDOUS SITUATION
WHICH, IF NOT AVOIDED, WILL RESULT IN DEATH OR
SERIOUS INJURY.
! WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
! CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
CAUTIONWithout the alert symbol indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result in property damage.
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Conventions
SR 17.0 Functional Description
05-Sept-08 6871000P02-B xxv
Important Indicates an item of the essence of a topic that is indispensable.
Note Indicates something of notable worth or consequence.
General Safety 3
Important Remember Safety depends on you!!
General safety precautions must be observed during all phases ofoperation, service, and repair of the equipment described in thismanual. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specificwarnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design,manufacture, and intended use of the equipment.
You must heed the safety precautions and warnings listed in the product
manuals for your equipment. Any individual using or maintaining the
product(s), should follow these warnings and all other safety precautions
necessary for the safe operation of the equipment in your operating
environment. Motorola, Inc. assumes no liability for failure to comply with
these requirements.
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CMM Labeling and Disclosure Table
Functional Description SR 17.0
xxvi 6871000P02-B 05-Sept-08
CMM Labeling and Disclosure Table 3
The People’s Republic of China requires that Motorola’s products comply
with China Management Methods (CMM) environmental regulations. (China
Management Methods refers to the regulation Management Methods for
Controlling Pollution by Electronic Information Products.) Two items areused to demonstrate compliance; the label and the disclosure table.
The label is placed in a customer visible position on the product.
Logo 1 means that the product contains no substances in excess of the
maximum concentration value for materials identified in the China
Management Methods regulation.
Logo 2 means that the product may contain substances in excess of the
maximum concentration value for materials identified in the China
Management Methods regulation, and has an Environmental Friendly Use
Period (EFUP) in years, fifty years in the example shown.
The Environmental Friendly Use Period (EFUP) is the period (in years)
during which the Toxic and Hazardous Substances (T&HS) contained in theElectronic Information Product (EIP) will not leak or mutate causing environ-
mental pollution or bodily injury from the use of the EIP. The EFUP indicated
by the Logo 2 label applies to a product and all its parts. Certain field-
replaceable parts, such as battery modules, can have a different EFUP and are
marked separately.
The Disclosure Table (shown on the following page) is intended only to
communicate compliance with China requirements; it is not intended to
communicate compliance with EU RoHS or any other environmental require-
ments.
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CMM Labeling and Disclosure Table
SR 17.0 Functional Description
05-Sept-08 6871000P02-B xxvii
Table 4 Disclosure Table
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Revision History
Functional Description SR 17.0
xxviii 6871000P02-B 05-Sept-08
Revision History 4
The following table contains a list of the revisions made to this guide.
Table 5 Revision History
Date Issue Description of Changes
02/26/06 O Original Publication for SR15.0
10/04/07 A Updated for SR16.0
05/09/08 B Updated for SR17.0
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Acknowledgements
SR 17.0 Functional Description
05-Sept-08 6871000P02-B xxix
Acknowledgements 5
We recognize and thank the following contributors.
Table 6 Acknowledgements
Name Name
Ann Kohut John Mabbott
Mark Interrante Patti Rausch
Elayne Tillman Steve Hart
Todd Mueller Gil Scovill
Carlos Carrillo Thomas Logsdon
Sheila Raines Bryan Blanco
Gabriel Bovino
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List of Changed Pages
Functional Description SR 17.0
xxx 6871000P02-B 05-Sept-08
List of Changed Pages 6
The table below lists new or changed information, of a technical nature, that
has been added or changed since the previous release of this document.
Chapter Page(s) Type of Change
Chapter 4- New Melody Core Solution
for SR17.0
All Chapter 4
pages
Replaced the SR16.0 new features
chapter with this new chapter to
introduce the SR17.0 Melody Core
solution.
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SR 17.0 Functional Description
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Chapter 1
iDEN Technology Foundation
Introduction 1
The outgrowth of the wireless communications market has produced vast
opportunities to enhance and improve the communications between
individuals. Because of this growth, the need to optimize Radio Frequency
(RF) spectral resources and provide ever-increasing services is essential.
To support the increase in wireless services while making best use of available
resources, the iDEN system capitalizes on the fact that communications can
be:
Half-duplex—where one user is transmitting (talking) and other users are
receiving (listening)
Full-duplex—where there is an open bi-directional link that allows full two-way communication
Many times communication does not require a full-duplex link. Messaging,
paging, some forms of data communication, and structured voice communi-
cation are, or can effectively operate in, half-duplex mode.
Traditional telephone conversations and more intensive data links require the
ability to interrupt; that requires full-duplex operation.
By utilizing both full and half-duplex operations, iDEN allows much of the
voice traffic to be run in half-duplex mode, while providing full-duplex
functionality when required.
As part of the ongoing effort to support the outgrowth in wireless communi-
cation, the iDEN system is an integration of traditional Push-To-Talk (PTT),
half-duplex, analog radio technology, and feature-rich, full-duplex digital
cellular communications. This integration of mobile communication technol-
ogies provides state-of-the-art functions and benefits to mobile users while
optimizing the available infrastructure resources.
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iDEN Technology Foundation
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iDEN System Introduction 1
At the highest-level, the iDEN system is the infrastructure that is used to
deliver services to mobile subscribers (MS) using a single subscriber unit
(SU). This subsection briefly describes the subscriber/user services available
from the iDEN system and the network infrastructure that delivers these
services.
Note SU is also referred to sometimes as Mobile Station. For clarity purposes, in this manual the term SU is used, not Mobile Station (MS).
Subscriber Services 1
The iDEN system provides services that include: two-way radio communi-
cation, cellular/wireless telephone communication, and wireless data services.
The iDEN network provides the customer with a complete solution to all of
their wireless needs, using a single SU.
The iDEN network converts analog voice to digital code for transmissionover the air.
iDEN uses TDMA technology which separates RF channels into time slots,
allowing multiple users to share each RF channel by transmitting at
different times.
The iDEN SU continually measures signal quality to maintain strong signal
reception.
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iDEN Technology Foundation
iDEN System Technologies
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05-Sept-08 6871000P02-B 1-3
iDEN System Technologies 1
The iDEN system is a digital wireless system that uniquely combines digital
mobile telephone and data technologies. Through all of these features and
services, the iDEN system provides subscribers with the latest integrated
wireless communications solutions.
Wireless Telephony 1
To convert an analog voice signal to a digital signal, the wave pattern is
sampled at different points and a digital representation of 1s and 0s is given to
the sample at each point. This digital representation can be stored, replicated,
or transmitted without further degradation.
The SU performs the conversion of analog voice into digital code using two
voice encoding, or vocoding, techniques called VSELP and AMBE++. These
techniques also compress large segments of voice into smaller segments formore efficient transmission of the voice data.
The iDEN system uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). TDMA
divides each 25 kilohertz radio frequency, or RF channel into 6 time slots,
allowing 6 communication paths on a single RF channel. Multiple users are
assigned the same channel frequency and share the RF channel by trans-
mitting at different times. The sharing of RF channels enables TDMA
technology to be more efficient in its utilization of resources.
iDEN maintains strong signal reception by continually measuring the signal
quality of the serving cell and all of the surrounding neighbor cells. If the
signal quality drops below an acceptable level, the SU moves to a site thatoffers a better signal, and thus be assigned a new RF channel and time slot for
transmission.
Two-way Dispatch Radio 1
Dispatch offers two-way radio communication between subscribers.
The Dispatch features of the iDEN network are based on two-way trunking,
which allows individual subscribers, or groups of subscribers, to commu-
nicate quickly and easily with each other.
Dispatch operates in a half-duplex mode, which means that a subscriber can
either talk or listen to another subscriber using the push-to-talk button, but can
not do both at the same time.
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Data 1
There are three categories of data services supported by the iDEN network.
They are as follows:
Short Message Service (SMS)—This service is commonly referred to as
text messaging. Circuit Data—Circuit data enables the subscriber to send and receive faxes
and email, connect to online services such as a web service provider, and to
access databases.
Packet Data—Packet Data provides the subscriber access to Intranet and
Internet applications using standard Internet Protocols.
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Network Infrastructure 1
The network infrastructure of the iDEN system offers a variety of services and
features that provide subscribers with the latest integrated wireless communi-
cations solutions. These services and features are divided into three
categories:
Interconnect—The Interconnect subsystem allows a SU to travel freely
throughout an iDEN system and communicate with other subscribers and
land line systems. Within this extended network, a user can originate or
receive Interconnect calls, and if so provisioned, access data and voice mail
services.
Dispatch—Dispatch calls are voice communications that use the half-
duplex Push-To-Talk (PTT) form of communication. This type of call does
not use other provider networks except as transport facilities.
Packet Data—Packet Data in iDEN, is a non-voice communication
interface that connects the SU directly with the Intranet, Internet, Virtual
Private Network (VPN), and the Extranet. Packet Data networking allows
the service provider to become a point-of-presence for mobile users on the
Internet.
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iDEN Infrastructure for the MSO 1
There are four subsystems in the infrastructure of the Mobile Switching
Office (MSO) for the iDEN system: Interconnect, Dispatch, Packet Data
(PD), and Network Management - Operations and Maintenance Center
(OMC). These subsystem support the services and features for the iDEN
system.
Figure 1-1 displays the basic infrastructure of the iDEN system at its basic
level.
Figure 1-1 Simplified SR16.0 Components Diagram
Note The EBTS is not part of the MSO. See iDEN Subsystem Overview on page 3-1 for more information for all iDEN subsystems.
OMC
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Interconnect The Interconnect subsystem allows a SU to travel freely throughout an iDEN
system and communicate with other subscribers and land line systems. Within
this extended network, a user can originate or receive Interconnect calls, and
if so provisioned, access data and voice mail services.
The major components of the Interconnect subsystem are as follows:
iDEN Base Site Controller (iBSC)—routes Interconnect packets between
the EBTS and the MSC.
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)—determines Interconnect services
(iHLR) and SU location information (VLR) and also controls/routes
Interconnect calls within the network and to other service providers.
Short Message Service (SMS)—provides text message services.
Voice Mail Server (VMS)—serves as an answering machine and stores
messages for the SU. VMS also indicates when voice mail is present.
Supernode Data Manager-Fault Tolerant (SDM/FT)—allows law
enforcement agencies to obtain call data records as well as intercept audioin an Interconnect phone call for court authorized monitoring. This is part
of the Call Intercept System (CIS).
Dispatch Dispatch calls are voice communications that use the half-duplex Push-To-
Talk (PTT) form of communication. This type of call does not use other
provider networks except as transport facilities.
The major components of the Dispatch subsystem are as follows:
High Availability Dispatch Application Processor (HA-DAP)—The HA-
DAP is responsible for the overall control and coordination of Dispatch andPacket Data services.
iDEN Home Location Register (HA-iHLR)—The HA-iHLR database for
Dispatch and Packet Data services.
Network Dispatch Messenger (NDM)—The NDM allows a direct
connection between your PC and the iDEN phone. (optional)
Enhanced Global Title Translation Table Tool (EGT4)—The EGT4 is a
centrally located workstation. It provides the following information to all
HA-DAPs and HA-iHLRs in the network:
International Mobile Station Identifier (IMSI) ranges associated with a
particular HA-iHLR
IP addresses of all HA-iHLRs and D-VLRs
iDEN Surveillance Gateway (iSG)—The iSG provides law enforcement
surveillance capability for the iDEN Dispatch and Packet Data subsystems.
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Packet Data Packet Data (PD) in iDEN is a non-voice communication interface that
connects the SU directly with the Intranet, Internet, Virtual Private Network
(VPN), and the Extranet. Packet Data networking allows the service provider
to become a point-of-presence for mobile users on the Internet.
The major components of the Packet Data subsystem are as follows:
Mobile Data Gateway (MDG)—The MDG interface to the Internet. It also
converts the iDEN protocol to the Internet Protocol and vice versa. The
MDG also functions as the Foreign Agent (FA).
Home Agent (HA)—The HA routes packets from the Internet to the correct
MDG for delivery to the SU.
Billing Accumulator (BA)—The main functions of the BA are as follows:
Collect and store billing records that are produced by the MDG.
Provide an avenue for the stored billing records to be transferred to an
outside billing center There are two BAs in the Packet Data system. One
is the primary and one is the secondary. Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) Server—The AAA
Server is a carrier provided network element that is used for Packet Data
Mobile IP authentication. The job of the AAA Server is to provide the
following:
Subscriber authentication—Verifies and identifies the SU.
Subscriber authorization—SU level of service (what it can and cannot
do).
Subscriber accounting—Tracks services, session times, etc.
NetworkManagement
The Next Generation OMC-R (NGO) is the network management subsystem
that establishes, maintains, collects information about the network, and
presents it to the system operator. This data is used primarily to support the
daily operation of the network radio system elements and to provide the
system operator with valid information for future planning decisions.
The major components of the NGO subsystem are as follows:
OMC-R—establishes, maintains, collects information about the network,
and presents it to the system operator.
Backup Server —provides automated tape backups for the urban. Only one
backup server is supported per urban.
E0 LAN—supports tape backup activities.
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Call and Data Services for Subscribers and Users 2
The iDEN system provides many services for its subscribers and users. It
provides these services through three main services: Interconnect, Dispatch,
and Packet Data.
Interconnect provides basic mobile-mobile, land-mobile, mobile-land, aswell as supplementary and adjunct services, such as call forwarding, call
waiting, voice mail, and caller ID.
Dispatch provides private call, talk group call, horizontal networking, and
data services, such as SMS, and dial-up laptop.
Packet Data (including WiDEN) provides mobile IP services such as
Internet enabled phones.
Delivery Features for Service Providers 2
Over-the-Air-Programming
The information needed to define an SUs operating parameters is sent to the
SU by the system using the over-the-air, Radio Link Protocol (RLP).
Other optional data (user convenience options) must be programmed by the
user or service technician with the SU keypad or with a Radio Service
Software (RSS) programmer. The method of programming depends on the
model of the SU. The RSS programmer can also be used to upgrade the SU
operating software version or to modify the Control Channel Band Map.
Initial Registration Before an SU can obtain service, it must be activated and registered in the
system. Service activation requires that International Mobile EquipmentIdentifier (SIM ID), basic device parameters, and the services definition be
entered in the Home Location Register (HLR) on the home Mobile Switching
Center (MSC), and a home DAP. The data entry requirements are shown in
Figure 2-1 below.
Figure 2-1 Initial SU System Contact
i
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Call Monitoring/Surveillance
The iDEN system is in compliance with the Communications Assistance for
Law Enforcement Act (CALEA). Through Interconnect and Dispatch calls,
law enforcement agencies can monitor the communications of a selectedSU(s).
Note Before a carrier can begin call surveillance, a warrant must be presented. The warrant authorizes a Law Enforcement Agency (LEA)
to conduct wiretap surveillance on a particular individual or group of
individuals.
Billing The Billing and Administration equipment is supplied by the customer.
Business operations are solely the responsibility of the service provider. The
iDEN system supplies usage and performance data for business operations
and decision support.Note The policies, procedures, and mechanisms for the exchange of data,
administrative, and operational control of the billing information is
the responsibility of the service provider.
HorizontalNetworking
Horizontal Networking (HN) in Dispatch, provides the capability for
individual Dispatch services between DAPs in a home urban area or any
urban area, and receives Private Call (PC), Call Alert (CA), and SU status.
SubscriberDatabases
The High Availability iDEN Home Location Register (HA-iHLR) provides a permanent database of all subscribers registered in the system. The subscriber
profile includes: the types of Dispatch calls individual subscribers are allowed
to make, the fleet assignments, talkgroup, and individual subscriber identifi-
cation numbers. The HA-iHLR also stores the subscriber databases for
wireless data services.
Interfaces forCustomer-providedAdministrative DataPlatforms
iDEN supports interfaces to a customer supplied Administrative Data Center
(ADC). The ADC is the service provider’s administrative and business
control equipment. The ADC may be used to enter/provision user information
and accepts system metrics and call records.
Encryption Supportfor Dispatch
This feature allows the Encryption of a Private Call (EPC) without a key
exchange with the system infrastructure. The Dispatch encryption feature has
various market applications; however, primary use focuses on the ability to
make a Dispatch call to another capable subscriber using a sophisticated layer
of eavesdropping protection.
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Network Management Features for Network Operators 2
The iDEN system provides many features for managing the network for the
network operators. The main features are discussed here.
PerformanceManagement
The performance management function controls the collection and presen-
tation of metrics to the system operator.
On-LineConfigurationChange
The On-Line Configuration Change (OLCC) feature improves operability and
availability by significantly reducing system down time.
The OLCC feature accomplishes this by the following:
Allowing network operators to change the iDEN system configuration
while the system continues to process calls.
Providing the capability to change the iDEN radio system configurationwhile network elements are online processing calls, thereby reducing the
overall scheduled configuration change outage time for the iDEN radio
network.
Providing the mechanism to change the allocated system parameters
without re-initializing the network element off-line.
ConfigurationManagement
The iDEN configuration management monitors and controls the system and
subsystem components for state, software release, and components.
iDEN configuration management relates to the following areas: Software Load Management
Database Management
State Management
The system configuration databases of the HA-DAP, EBTS, iBSC, iHLR, and
MDG are downloaded from the OMC-R. These databases change as the
physical configuration of the network expands to accommodate growth.
IOS Import / ExportTool for Airgen
The Intelligent Optimization system (IOS) import / export tool is designed to
help the AirGen user import carrier/frequency usage information from the
currently running workspace in AirGen.
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iDEN System Organization 2
To support the growing need for emerging telecommunications services,
iDEN systems are organized into different levels or areas. These areas are
based on geographical areas of decreasing size. The areas are divided as
follows:
Global
Region
Domain
Urbans
Service Area
Location Area
Cell
Global 2
Global refers to the worldwide, multi-provider, Public Telephone Switched
Network (PSTN). The telephone services available worldwide may be
accessed from the iDEN system using Interconnect calling. When the iDEN
system uses the PSTN (Interconnect) system, the rules and procedures of the
PSTN are used. Interconnect calling is the access to land-line systems and the
services available and emerging in the public switched environment.
Region 2
A region is a large geographic area that is usually associated with more thanone market or more than one urban area. Just as urban areas tend to be
adjacent and overlap, so do service provider coverage areas. A single service
provider supplies services by regions. A service provider may have adjacent
or overlapping markets that can be linked to provide contiguous service
across the areas. Regions are covered by Interconnect and Dispatch calling.
Domain 2
A domain is an optional logical division of a region. This is usually defined by
marketing and sales strategies as a fleet-based geographical area. The intent is
to subdivide the region into smaller areas based on expected usage patterns.
Domain 0 is a system-wide domain. The default for Domain 0 is all service
areas. There can be up to 50 domains assigned per region. Each domain may
contain up to 254 service areas and represents the area of operation for a fleet
or fleets. The domain rules are as follows:
Can not split a service area.
Can cross MSO boundaries.
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Should be geographically contiguous and should not intertwine or overlap.
Should conform to obvious geographic - demographic borders.
Should have borders in areas of zero or few subscribers.
Should make use of natural obstacles that constrain subscriber movement.
To minimize movement of subscribers between domains, domain bordersshould avoid major roads, highways, and thoroughfares. Obstacles like rivers,
mountain ranges, and diverse geographic areas separated by a lack of
contiguous RF coverage are good boundaries.
Users within a domain tend to stay within its borders. A business' fleet will
normally stay within a domain throughout the course of the work day.
Urbans 2
The iDEN system is divided up into large geographical areas known as
urbans. In most cases, an urban is centered on a large city such as New York,
Los Angeles, or Chicago. An urban can also span more than one city or more
than one state. Urbans are sometimes referred to as markets. See iDEN
Network Structure on page 2-7.
Service Area 2
A service area is Dispatch-only and is defined in provisioning by the
subscriber and user databases. A service area is a group of Dispatch Location
Areas (DLA) that define a range of operation. Multiple service areas may be
defined. Service areas may overlap. Users in a service area tend to stay within
its borders.
Location Area 2
A location area is a logical geographical area that is based on the current
location of a SU. Each SU contains Location Area Identifiers (LAIs) used by
the location area to locate the SU for paging and call setup.
Note The Interconnect location areas are usually larger than Dispatchlocation areas.
A Dispatch Location Area (DLA) is a geographic area comprised of one or
more EBTS sites that manages and tracks the most recent location of a SU.
The DLA defines the area where the Dispatch SU is currently located for paging and call setup. Since Dispatch call traffic is typically heavy, a DLA
may be smaller than a Interconnect Location Area (ILA).
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Cell 2
A cell is defined as a uniquely identified coverage area whose function is
influenced by the following variables:
The environment (buildings, trees, terrain)
Antenna pattern
Tower height
The transmit power of the serving EBTS
An EBTS may be configured to support one or more cells. A site with one cell
is known as an omni-directional site. A site with two or more cells is known
as a sectored site. Sectored sites typically have three cells.
While the SU is served by a single cell at any given time, it monitors the
quality of other cells to determine when a change is required. This mobility
function is discussed further in subsequent sections of this manual.
iDEN Network Structure 2
The iDEN network has the following hierarchical structure (see Figure 2-2):
Urbans—large geographical areas, often referred to as markets.
Fleets—the broad logical group of users based on a common bond.
Talkgroups—a subset of a fleet based on the inter-relationship of users in
the fleet (managers, sales, transportation, drivers, etc.).
Subscriber Units (SU)—the radio equipment a mobile subscriber uses to
access the iDEN system.
Figure 2-2 iDEN Network Hierarchical Structure
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The iDEN network is divided into Urbans, and each urban is made up of
hundreds of fleets.
Each Fleet is assigned a unique fleet ID. Each individual subscriber in the
iDEN network is a member of a fleet.
Each fleet is divided into Talkgroups. Talkgroups allow groups of users tocommunicate with multiple subscribers at the same time.
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Chapter 3
iDEN Subsystem Overview
Introduction 3
This chapter describes the major subsystems in the iDEN system in terms of
their key equipment, software and databases, and function in providing
system services such as calls.
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Radio Access Network 3
The Radio Access Network key component is the Enhanced Base Radio
Transceiver (EBTS). EBTS is the equipment through which the radio signal
from the subscriber gains access to the system. This is also referred to as a
site or cell site.
Figure 3-1 describes the basic Radio Access Network.
Figure 3-1 Radio Access Network Architecture
Key Network Elements 3
This section provides a brief description of the key Radio Access Network
network elements.
EBTS The EBTS consists of the control cabinets that house the components.
Control Cabinet
Power Cabinet
RF Cabinet
RFDS The Radio Frequency Distribution System (RFDS) is an 800 MHz or 900
MHz system that connects the base radios to the RF antennas. The RFDS is
part of the RF Cabinet.
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IMU/EAS/EAS2 Both the iMU and EAS receive alarm signals from various EBTS site
equipment. The IMU and EAS are part of the Control Cabinet.
iSC The Integrated Site Controller (iSC) performs all control and synchronizationfunctions for the EBTS. The iSC is part of the Control Cabinet. The iSC is
sometimes referred to as an Access Controller Gateway (ACG).
BR The Base Radio (BR) is responsible for control signaling and user voice/data.
The BR is the RF interface of the EBTS site and transmits and receives in
either the 800 MHz or 900 MHz iDEN frequency bands. The BR is part of the
RF Cabinet.
Power Cabinet The power cabinet typically consists of the power supply cabinet and back-up batteries and supplies negative 48 DC voltage for powering the control and
RF cabinets and for charging the batteries.
DCS The Digital Cross Connect Switch (DCS) is a standard, programmable
telephone industry device that provides a transport system within the iDEN
network. It is the central connecting point for ALL