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If You Build It, Will They Come? Experience with Journal Backfiles at
HighWire Press
ACS Annual Meeting13 September 2006
Helen Barsky AtkinsStanford University, HighWire Press
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Overview:
• Very brief review of HighWire Press• Approaches to retrospective conversion• Business models• Some data to share
– Several anonymous journals– JBC
• Some possible explanations for these data
• Questions for future study
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www.highwire.stanford.edu
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HighWire Press• The Internet Imprint of the Stanford University
Libraries• Our Mantra - “HighWire Press is:
– Not for profit– Not for loss– Not for sale”
• Online Host/Service Provider for Non-profit and Society Journals
• Currently - 964 journals from 140 Publishers
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HighWire Press
• One size does not fit all publishers• Some hosts may impose consistency
across journal sites– Look and feel– Features and functionality– Business model
• HWP allows publishers to make their own decisions - we provide support, but remain neutral
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HighWire Press
• Publishers may choose to adopt the standard HWP look and base feature set
Or • They may customize their site design and
choose to implement many advanced features
And• They decide what to charge for their content,
as well as what content to charge for
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Retrospective Content
• Publishers decide:– Extent of the data to convert
• back to volume 1? include supplements?• previous titles? previous series?• how to deal with splits and mergers?
– What material to include • cover-to-cover? research articles only? • editorial material? advertising? meeting abstracts?• HTML reference views?
– How much to charge - if anything• sell as part of current subscription?• one-time purchase?• benefit of society membership?• free to all?
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Retrospective Content
• This is a huge investment for the publisher…
• Is there any evidence that the data will be used?
• By more than the limited number of historians of science? Or authors looking for their old papers?
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Questions
• Does the introduction of the retrospective content seem to have an impact on the general use of the site?
• How much use does the retrospective content get?
• What proportion of the total content use on the site currently is attributable to retrospective content?
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Some Preliminary Data
• Six journals that launched sizable retrospective conversion projects in 2004 or earlier
• Usage data over seven years’ time (1999-2005)
• Four of the journals have made the retro content free to all
• Two of the journals offer the retro content by a separate subscription
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Some Preliminary Data
• Terminology:Use = views of content on the site
Abstract = Abstract views
Full text = HTML full text + PDF views
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Retrospective Content for Free
• J1 – Two releases of retro content
• May, 2003 >40 volumes/ 20 years• June, 2004 >100 volumes/ 80 years
– First published in the late 19th C.
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In 2005, 31.5% of avg monthly usage was attributable to retro content
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Retrospective Content for Free
• J2– One release of retro content
• March, 2003 • 37 years
– First published in the mid 20th C.
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In 2005, 28.8% of avg monthly usage was attributable to retro content
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Retrospective Content for Free
• JBC – Two releases of retro content
• June-Sept, 2001 15 years/15 vols• Feb-Aug, 2003 75 years/254 vols
– First published in 1905
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In 2005, 11.7% of avg monthly usage was attributable to retro content
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Retrospective Content for Free
• J5 – Three releases of retro content
• Sept, 1999 20 years abstract data• March, 2003 20 years full text• Jan, 2004 20 years full text
– First published in mid-20th C.
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In 2005, 25.0% of avg monthly usage was attributable to retro content
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Retrospective Content for a Fee
• The next two journals offer their back data for a one-time subscription fee to institutions, and as part of the current subscription for individuals
• J3 is an research biomedical journal with a backfile extending to the middle of the 20th C.
• J4 is a smaller review journal with a backfile extending to the early part of the 20th C.
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In 2005, 22.4% of avg monthly usage was attributable to retro content
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2003 2004 2005 est. 2006
PPV Transactions for Retro Content - J3
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In 2005, 10.5% of avg monthly usage was attributable to retro content
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What’s Happening Here?• If these articles have been cited by other
journals hosted at HWP, then we are creating reference links
• If the new full text articles have equivalent Medline records, then LinkOuts are added (applies only to 1966+)
• Most publishers are opting to assign DOIs to retrospective articles, and these are deposited at CrossRef, making them available as reference linking targets
• Many of these publishers participate in the ISI Links program, and so there are links added from WoS - and Century of Science
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What’s Happening Here?
• The publishers are marketing the new content– Special “perspectives” articles– Anniversary celebrations
• Announcements highlight the availability of new content for – Open URL linking– Search engine indexing
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Did We Answer the Questions?
• Yes, it looks like adding back content may have an impact on overall site use, but we cannot make any claims regarding a causal relationship
• Yes, the back content is getting used, and more than it would be if it were merely a curiosity
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Did We Answer the Questions?
• Free retroJBC – 11.7%
J1 – 31.5%
J2 – 28.8%
J5 – 25.0%
• Fee-based retroJ3 – 22.4%
J4 – 10.5%
• Use of retrospective content accounts for a varying proportion of the site’s current content use:
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What’s Next?• Will the availability of the retrospective
content change the journals’ citation patterns?
• Will authors be more likely to cite the original works rather than review articles?
• More data to come…– Over 250 retro projects completed for HWP
journals– 170 in the past year alone