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Safer construction through incremental improvements
Bill FlinnCentre for Development and Emergency Practice CENDEPOxford Brookes University
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8,000 houses out of a total out of a total
need of 500,000 is
1.6%Cyclone Sidr,
Bangladesh 2008
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One year on, the total number of
shelters constructed was 50,000, 10% of
total need
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What about the 90%?
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The majority frequently rebuild using their own resources, often
incorporating pre-disaster vulnerabilitiesvulnerabilities
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cost
quality
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cost
time
expertise
capacity
quality, safety,
reduction in vulnerability
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Small, but significant, incremental improvements can be easily
achieved at low cost
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Hurricane strapping
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Roof retrofits - Cuba
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Estimated minimum fatalities
Hurricane Mitch – 1998 10,000 Central American countries
Hurricane Katrina – 2005 1,836 USA
Hurricane Wilma – 2005 8 Mexico31 USA4 Cuba
Hurricane Dennis – 2005 56 Haiti15 USA4 Cuba4 Cuba
Hurricane Gustav and Ike – 2008 150 Haiti160 USA7 Cuba
Cyclone Nargis - 2008 146,000 BurmaCyclone Sidr – 2007 4,000 Bangladesh
Source : Wikipedia
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Reinforced concrete
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5” precast RC column
58 km/hr
5” precast RC column with diagonal cross-bracing
100 km/hr100 km/hr100 km/hr100 km/hr
10” brick column
Category 3158 km/h
15” composite column
Category 4+194++ km/hr
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Steel trusses
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Advantages:• Timber is expensive
• Steel in Bangladesh is well-understood
• The design and assembly of prefabricated parts leaves little room for error.
Disadvantages:• Maintenance
• Not very amenable to self-build
• Cost? Availability?
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