ImperialismImperialism
1850-19141850-1914
What is imperialism?What is imperialism? The takeover of a country or territory by The takeover of a country or territory by
a stronger countrya stronger country Why do Europeans do this?Why do Europeans do this?
Industrialization sparks the need for: Industrialization sparks the need for: LandLand Natural resources Natural resources New markets New markets
A New Period of A New Period of ImperialismImperialism
Forms of ControlForms of Control ColonyColony
Governed by a foreign powerGoverned by a foreign power ProtectorateProtectorate
Governs itself, but under outside controlGoverns itself, but under outside control Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence
Outside power controls investments & tradingOutside power controls investments & trading Economic ImperialismEconomic Imperialism
Private business interests assert controlPrivate business interests assert control
I. The Scramble for I. The Scramble for AfricaAfrica
Africa Before European Africa Before European DominionDominion Divided into hundreds of ethnic Divided into hundreds of ethnic
groupsgroups Nations ranged from large empires Nations ranged from large empires
to independent villagesto independent villages Europeans only had contact on Europeans only had contact on
African coastsAfrican coasts
The Scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa (cont)(cont)
Europeans who penetrated Africa Europeans who penetrated Africa were:were: Explorers – seeking wealth and Explorers – seeking wealth and
notoriety notoriety Missionaries – trying to convert Missionaries – trying to convert
Africans to ChristianityAfricans to Christianity Humanitarians – “westernize” the Humanitarians – “westernize” the
“savages”“savages”
The Division of AfricaThe Division of Africa The Berlin The Berlin
Conference (1884)Conference (1884) Europeans leaders Europeans leaders
divide Africadivide Africa By 1914 – Only By 1914 – Only
independent nationsindependent nations LiberiaLiberia EthiopiaEthiopia
According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?
How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in the cartoon?
Effects of European Imperialism in Africa
African ResistanceAfrican Resistance Africans Confront ImperialismAfricans Confront Imperialism
Broad resistance, but Europeans have Broad resistance, but Europeans have superior weaponssuperior weapons
Unsuccessful MovementsUnsuccessful Movements Algeria Algeria German East AfricaGerman East Africa
Successful MovementsSuccessful Movements Ethiopia under Emperor Menelik IIEthiopia under Emperor Menelik II
Legacy of ImperialismLegacy of Imperialism Negative EffectsNegative Effects
Africans lose land and independenceAfricans lose land and independence Many lives are lostMany lives are lost Traditional cultures breakdownTraditional cultures breakdown Division of Africa creates problems that Division of Africa creates problems that
continue todaycontinue today Positive EffectsPositive Effects
Reduces local fightingReduces local fighting Sanitation improvesSanitation improves Hospitals and schools createdHospitals and schools created Technology brings economic growthTechnology brings economic growth
II. British Imperialism in II. British Imperialism in IndiaIndia
Britain Controlled IndiaBritain Controlled India British East India CompanyBritish East India Company
Controls India thru economic Controls India thru economic imperialismimperialism
India was seen as the most India was seen as the most important colonyimportant colony Known as the “Jewel in the Known as the “Jewel in the
Crown”Crown”
Effects of British RuleEffects of British Rule Impact of ColonialismImpact of Colonialism
Cash crops (cotton) resulted in famineCash crops (cotton) resulted in famine Indian culture is disrupted due to Indian culture is disrupted due to
racism and missionariesracism and missionaries Britain sought to “modernize” IndiaBritain sought to “modernize” India
III. British Imperialism in III. British Imperialism in South AfricaSouth Africa
Three Groups Clash for PowerThree Groups Clash for Power AfricansAfricans BoersBoers
Dutch settlers that had controlled South Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid 1600sAfrica since the mid 1600s
BritishBritish
The Boer WarThe Boer War The British vs. the The British vs. the
BoersBoers Fought over the Fought over the
control of gold and control of gold and diamond minesdiamond mines
British win in 1910British win in 1910
IV. The Suez CanalIV. The Suez Canal What is the Suez Canal?What is the Suez Canal?
Waterway in Egypt connecting the Waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea to the Indian OceanIndian Ocean
Why was it Built?Why was it Built? To improve trade with AsiaTo improve trade with Asia
How was it built?How was it built? Built mainly with French moneyBuilt mainly with French money Gave control of the canal to FranceGave control of the canal to France
The
Suez
Canal
THE ENDTHE END