Download - Imperialism in India, China and Japan
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Imperialism in India, China and Japan
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Things that made imperialism possible:
•Technology▫Steam power
made travel easier
▫Machine guns •End of old
empires▫Made it easy for
Europeans to take control
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Types of Imperialism•Colony: territory governed by foreign
power
•Most foreign influence •Examples: Belgian Congo, British India
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•Protectorate: territory governs itself but with foreign control
•Examples: recent Iraq and Afghanistan?;
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•Sphere of Influence: territory in which foreign country claims exclusive political or economic rights
•Least foreign influence•Example: China in 1800s
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The British East India Company
•Trading company, not government
•Controlled most of India from 1800 to 1857
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Sepoy Rebellion•Sepoy = Indian
soldier in British army
•Muslims and Hindus were angry because of animal fat in gun cartridges
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The Raj (British Rule)•British
government took over when Sepoys rebelled
•Set up Indian Civil Service
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Benefits of the Raj•Railroads, roads,
and canals built in India
•Britain got cheap cotton
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Ram Mohun Roy•Followed
Enlightenment ideas about human rights
•Worked for independent India
•Indian National Congress founded in 1885
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Ming Dyanasty (1368 – 1644)•Previously, China had been under the
Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty•1368 Hongwu took over and began Ming
(“brilliant”) dynasty•Took more government power for himself•Son Yonglo built Forbidden City
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Ming trade and exploration thrived at first, but voyages were expensive and eventually stopped
Smugglers traded illegally, agriculture expanded, and the economy was doing well
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Qing (1644-1911)•Weak leaders led to the downfall of the dynasty
•The Qing from Manchuria took over next
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• Qing were not Chinese, but adapted to Chinese culture well
• Had a sense of superiority in trading with foreigners – Chinese goods were better than everyone else’s
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•Chinese didn’t want to let Europeans in
•Sold a lot of tea to British for silver - balance of trade was in China’s favor
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Opium War•Britain smuggled
opium into China•Chinese
destroyed it•British attacked
and captured Shanghai
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•Qing dynasty lost the mandate of heaven!
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Unequal Treaties•Treaty of Nanjing
opened more places for Europe to trade
•Opened spheres of influence in China for US, Britain, France, and Russia
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Taiping Rebellion (1850s)•Hong Xiuquan
wanted to set up ideal kingdom
•Failed (20 million killed)
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Boxer Rebellion (1899)•Secret society of
Harmonious Fists•Temporarily
“captured” Beijing
•Embarrassed Qing dynasty