Download - Implementing Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Skills Group Medical Visits within Primary Care
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Implementing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Skills Group Medical Visits within Primary Care
Dr. Bill Bullock, Dr. Erin Burrell, Dr. Joanna Cheek, and Christine Tomori
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The problem: Meet Mary Mary is one of the 29% of people* struggling with the most common chronic
condition in Victoria: depression and/or anxiety.
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*VIHA, 2013
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Mary is feeling…
Afraid. Ashamed.
Overwhelmed. Uncertain.
Demoralized. Hopeless.
Stuck.
And all alone.
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But Mary has many barriers to getting help…
42% of people no longer socialize with
someone with a mental health
problem.
55% wouldn’t marry someone with a
mental health problem.
50% wouldn’t tell friends or colleagues
about family member with a mental
health problem.*
*Canadian Medical Association. (2008). Eighth Annual
National Report Card on Health Care.
STIGMA
It’s a sign of weakness to be
depressed and anxious.
I should just get over it.
No one else understands
this.
I don’t want people to know
I’m struggling.
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Mary is courageous and finally
asks her family doctor for help.
*Canadian Mental Health Association, 2012
80% of people with
mental health issues in
Canada receive care
exclusively within the
primary care system.*
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And alone.
• Psychiatrist wait list
• Rejected: “not sick enough”
• Private services $$$
• GP has too little expertise,
confidence, & time for self-
management strategies
Is no one going to help
me with this patient in
need?
I can’t do this all alone.
She needs more support
than I can give in the
office!
But eventually he, too, feels stuck.
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Her relationships and family members are affected.
Mary and her family suffer.
Mary goes off work.
Society suffers.
She stops exercising, eats poorly and her mental &
physical health deteriorates.
The healthcare system pays the bill.
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Our Aim: To create accessible and effective self-management services for patients with mild/moderate mental health problems within primary care. So patients and doctors feel less stuck and alone when managing mental health
problems.
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Our Design
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Skills Group Medical Visits
• Combine CBT & Acceptance-based strategies
• Adult patients suffering with mild-moderate anxiety or depression
• Groups of 15 patients led by family physicians/psychiatrists
• 90 min groups for 8 consecutive wks
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Strategies for Change:
1. Developing content
2. Enhancing family physicians’ skills
3. Establishing referral centre
4. Delivering group medical visits o Part 1: psychiatrists and family physicians co-
facilitating patient groups
o Part 2: family physicians facilitating their own patient groups
5. Evaluation
6. Sustainability and spread
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Developing content
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Referral Centre hosted by the Victoria Division of Family Practice
• 480+ referrals
• 103 referring family physicians
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
# o
f refe
rrals
Month
Enhancing family physicians’ skills
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Delivering the MH Service
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Seven groups completed (Oct - Dec 2015)
• 91 patients; 72 completed (6/8 sessions)
Eleven groups in progress (Jan – Mar 2016)
• 166 patients being served
• 3 groups solo-facilitated by family physician
Two “Booster” groups planned (Feb – Mar 2016)
• 30 patients
Seventeen CBT and four “booster” groups planned (April – June 2016)
• 315 patients
91
257
602
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Mary participates in a CBT Skills Group
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Self-Management Skills Tool Box
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Effects of Change: Patients
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“Learning in the
group helped me
remember and
assimilate the skills.”
“I feel this course
would be valuable
for a lot of
people”.
“A doctor tells you to take a
pill to feel better but this
same person is telling you to
practice skills gives
credibility”
“The peer support was
truly invaluable. Knowing
others with shared
experiences helped.”
“I know I’m not alone”.
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Effect Size:
CBT N=63 Waitlist Control N=140
PHQ-9 0.9 “Large effect”
GAD-7 1.2 “Very large effect”
WASA 0.7 “Moderate effect”
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Effect on Participating GPs:
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“One of the
greatest learning
experiences of
my life”
“This is going to
help me with so
much of my
clinical work
with patients”
“This is protective
against physician
burn-out”
“The group has changed the way I
relate to myself—personally and
professionally”.
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GMVs are a cost-effective model for the system
GROUP MEDICAL VISITS (GMV)
Fee Code Average # of
patients/group
Practice Type Cost/per person Cost of 1.5
hours/per
person
Cost of 6
sessions/ per
person
Cost of 8
sessions/ per
person
G78773 13 Psych $ 16.71 $ 50.13 $ 300.78 $ 401.04
P13773 13 GP $ 8.74 $ 26.22 $ 157.32 $ 209.76
INDIVIDUAL VISITS
Fee Code Average age of
patients/group
Practice Type Cost of 1.5
hours/ per
person
Cost for 6
sessions/ per
person
Cost of 8
sessions/ per
person
00630/00632 n/a Psych $ 261.24 $ 1,567.44 $ 2,089.92
00120 43 GP $ 52.76 $ 316.56 $ 422.08
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$209.76 is equivalent to 4 GP 20 min visits
Plus huge savings with prevention of disability, downstream health
care spending & ripple effects in communities.
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Learning & Challenges
• Steep facilitator learning curve
• Enhancing family physicians’ skills
• Administrative & MOA functions
• Appropriate space & times to run GMVs
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Sustainability and Spread
Crucial factors of sustainability
• Retention & expansion of physician champions
• GMV fee codes stable & adequate
• Victoria Division of Family Practice
• Island Health partnership
• On-going program adaptation
Opportunities for spread
• New physicians within the same community
• New physicians in other communities
• Modified CBT Skills Groups for other patient populations
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Questions?
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