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Improved Health of Tribal Members through
ImprovedIndoor Air Quality
An ANTHC-DEHE Demonstration Grant Project for
Pedro Bay Village Council
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Presented by Ben FossPedro Bay Environmental
For ANTHC-DEHE
ALASKA FORUM ON THE ENVIRONMENTFebruary 2012
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So…What prompted this proposal?
Many of our residents suffer from asthma,
breathing difficulties, and allergy or
flu-like symptoms
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While we are hesitant
to link these symptoms to
indoor air quality,
We do know that….
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…inadequate ventilation, improper heating methods,
the buildup of toxic particulates, and carbon monoxide
can and do impair theimmune system.
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Indoor Air Study in Tribal Villages
Since the number of studies pertaining to
tribal indoor air is limited,
we are hoping to provide some
exposure and documented study through our (small) project
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Our examination…
Through this grant, we examined the air quality of
six diverse structures
in our village
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We looked specifically at
heating methods,
humidity levels,
ventilation systems,
and temperature
control
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Unfortunately…
our Q-Trak data—
collected with the IAQ
equipment— was found
to be invalid.
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Therefore our results, report,and this presentation
are based primarily on
interviews, visual assessments,
and photographs.
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We hope our research and resultswill benefit
other Native or rural villages with IAQ needs.
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Challenges & Successes
Pedro Bay is a place
where everyone does more than one job.
Which means…
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Challenges & Successes
Testing all homes in the
same time period in the
same manner proved to be our
biggest challenge.
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Challenges & Successes
We had intended to test all
six structures at least twice between April and
November, but we were unable to carry out this plan.
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Challenges & Successes
Hiring an experienced
and knowledgeable IAQ technician
could have provided
more consistent data and
more precise improvements for our residents.
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Challenges & Successes
Still… we felt successful… One-on-one discussion,
personal visits and
ongoing dialogue helped us to build a
foundational base for Indoor Air Studies in Pedro Bay.
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We chose six structures that
varied in age,
air-tightness, vulnerability
to mold, occupancy, and
construction type.
Survey Results
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Pedro Bay Village is scattered
home sites of varying acreage
across a three-mile area.
Survey Results
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Homes are NOT linked
by a common water, sewer, or
design plan…
so each home faces its own
particular air quality issues.
Survey Results
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Each home in our study
was built entirely differently
from the others, making our
study both unique and
versatile enough to suit a
variety of home types
throughout Alaska.
Survey Results
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HOME REPORTS
Photographs Summaries
Descriptions
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Structure #1: Rabbit Point
Age: 30+ years
Composition & Size: Stick-built, 600 sq. ft.
Occupancy: 1 person, cat and dogs
Heat source(s): Oil supplemented by
wood
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Conditions/Notes/Improvements:Occupant has coped with asthma for
many years but maintains relatively good health overall.
Home sustains considerable black mold buildup
(Suggested) Improvements include updated insulation and ventilation, new windows and casings
Structure #1: Rabbit Point
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Age: 20+ years
Composition: Stick-built
Occupancy: 1 adult, 1 youth
Heat source(s): Fuel oil
Structure #2: Smokehouse Bay, Lower Unit
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Smokehouse Bay Building Exterior
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Windows and doors are in need of replacement: Smokehouse Bay
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Conditions/Notes/Improvements:Home is part of a larger structureNo severe health issues at this timeMold growth is scrubbed/eradicated
regularly but continues to returnWindows and doors need replacing
Structure #2: Smokehouse Bay, Lower Unit
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Structure #3: Rustic Cabin
Age: 35 years
Composition/Size: T-111, plywood/350 sq. ft.
Occupancy: 2 Adults
Heat source(s): Wood (used for everything)
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Conditions/Notes/Improvements:
Home is not plumbed for water; residents haul water from lake or Council building
Home is not weatherized or winterized
Structure #3: Rustic Cabin
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Relocation is recommendedRenovation/new construction
recommended/preferredFinancial and HUD constraints currently not permitting new construction
Structure #3: Rustic Cabin
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Structure #4:Big Hill
Age: 20+ years overall construction
Composition: T-111, plywood/2000 sq. ft.
Occupancy: 2-3 Adults throughout the year
Heat source(s): Fuel oil, wood heat
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Big Hill, a well-maintained structure
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Conditions/Notes/Improvements:Home is in good condition, well-
maintainedSigns of stewardship for home and landWater heater and plumbing in good
conditionWindows in good condition Improvements include ventilation,
ongoing maintenance; no health concerns
Structure #4: Big Hill
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Structure #5: Edna’s Bay
Age: 20+ years
Composition: T-111, plywood
Occupancy: Formerly 3 adults, now unoccupied
Heat source(s): Fuel oil and wood heat
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Exterior, Edna’s BaySiding, some windows
recently replaced
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Semi-enclosed windbreak; black mold around windows: Edna’s Bay
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Conditions/Notes/ImprovementsHome is not occupied year-round Recent improvements include vinyl
siding, some vinyl windows, and interior trim
Home shows inefficient heat/air flowRegular presence of black mold Improvements include further
weatherization and ventilation
Structure #5: Edna’s Bay
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Structure #6:PHOB (Village Council Building)
Age: 20+ yearsComposition: T-111, plywood, carpet, sheet rockOccupancy: Offices, laundry, shower facilities, clinicHeat source(s): Fuel oil
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Exterior, PHOB/Village Council
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Conditions/Notes/Improvements Interior and exterior in need of new paint
and weatherproofing improvements Air flow/heat flow generally inconsistent Recent updates are laundry room
electrical and periodic maintenance on plumbing
Further improvements include new carpets (old ones retain mold and moisture)
Structure #6:PHOB (Village Council Building)
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Conclusions, Reflections & Realities
Our expected or anticipated
outcome from this project is the
improved health of our Tribal
members and Village
residents.
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The goal of this agreement is to educate
our village residents in the understanding
that the air quality concerns in Pedro Bay
do not lie ONLY with the Village Council or
even the state, but with the residents
themselves, so that, ultimately, the
possession of good health lies
with those who live here.
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Looking Forward:Suggestions for the Future
1. Perform further rounds of
testing, including testing homes that
are not occupied year-round and
homes that have undergone
renovation or repair.
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Looking Forward: Suggestions
2. Attend trainings that are
geared toward rural indoor air
quality and cold climate indoor
air quality.
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Looking Forward: Suggestions
3. Attend trainings (such as
this one) to learn more about
building options that improve
air quality.
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Looking Forward:Suggestions
4. Meet and consult with
tribal home/indoor air quality
experts who can help tailor
this and future grants more
precisely to the needs of our
village.
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Looking Forward: Suggestions
5. Investigate our current
improvements and find sources of
funding, where necessary,
to help residents improve their
homes/housing structures.
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ESSENTIALLY…It all comes down to BUY-IN
Buy-in or commitment from the beginning creates stewardship
later on.
Training and/or research will help in the
short-term, but each resident must learn
the value of stewardship before anything
can truly change.