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InPursuitofCommonDigitalCura2onGuidelines:
AnExplora2onofCurrentPrac2cesatMichiganState
LisaSchmidt,ElectronicRecordsArchivistMichiganStateUniversity
Archives&HistoricalCollec2onsMarch29,2010
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Overview
• MichiganStateUniversityandtheMSUArchives&HistoricalCollec2ons
• Archives2.0:Policymakersvs.Custodians
• MSUArchivesElectronicRecordsIni2a2ves
• DigitalCura2onPlanning(DCP)Project
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MichiganStateUniversity
• Establishedin1855byactoftheMichiganLegislaturetocreateanagriculturalcollege
• Na2on’spioneerlandgrantcollege
• Tieroneresearchuniversitywithsignificantna2onalandglobalimpact
• Leaderininnova2onandtechnology
• 46,648students:36,337undergrad,10,311graduate/professional
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MichiganStateUniversity
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MSUArchives&HistoricalCollec2ons
• OfficialrepositoryforthehistoricalarchivesofMichiganStateUniversity
• EstablishedbyBoardofTrusteesmandatein1969– CollectandpreservehistoricalrecordsofMSU
– Provideuniversitycommunity,scholars,andgeneralpublicwithaccesstorecords
– Approvefinaldisposi2onanddestruc2on
• 33,000cubicfeetofuniversityrecords5
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MSUArchives&HistoricalCollec2ons
• Subjects:– Administra2on
– Athle2cs
– Campusbuildingsandgrounds
– Studentgroupsandac2vi2es
– Facultypapersandresearch
• 700+historicalcollec2onsrelatedtoMichiganandtheGreatLakesregion
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MSUArchives&HistoricalCollec2ons
• Ac2velyassistsMSUunitsinefficientadministra2onandmanagementofofficialuniversityrecords
• Includesmanagement,collec2on,andpreserva2onofelectronicrecords
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Archives2.0
“Theins2tu2onalarchiveneedstoassumemoreofapolicyrole,iden2fyingrecordsthroughoutthecampusandworkingtoensurethatdigitalrecordsarebothmaintainedbytheircreatorsandkeptreadyforresearchuse.”
RichardCox,“TheAcademicArchivesoftheFuture,”EDUCAUSEReviewMagazine,Volume43
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ElectronicRecordsIni2a2ves
• Documentmanagementsystem– ExploringbothenterpriseDMSandguidelinesforlocallevelDMSs
• SpartanArchive– NHPRC‐fundedprojecttodevelopagovernancestructureandtechnicalinfrastructuretoaccession,provideaccessto,andpreserveelectronicrecords
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ElectronicRecordsIni2a2ves
• EnterpriseBusinessSystemsProject(EBSP)– Mul2‐yearini2a2vetocreatestreamlinedbusinessprocessesandinterconnectedadministra2vesystemsforMSU’sfinance,humanresources,andresearchadministra2on
• DigitalCura2onPlanningProject
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DigitalCura2onPlanningProject
• TheProblem
• DigitalCura2onInternship
• OriginalDigitalPreserva2onPlanProposal
• New,CurrentDigitalCura2onPlan
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TheProblem
• MichiganState’sgrowingbodyofdigitalassetsandinforma2on– Ins2tu2onalrecords
– Facultyandstudentresearch
– Thesesanddisserta2ons
– Universitypublica2ons
– Mul2mediacollec2ons
– Digitalsurrogatesofculturalmaterial
– Learningobjectsandcoursematerials12
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TheProblem
• Valuabledigitalresourcescreatedthroughmuch2me,effort,grantfunding,humancapital,andresearch
• Changingtechnologylikelytorenderdigitalassetsinaccessibleabsentalong‐termmanagementandpreserva2onplan
• Storagelimita2ons
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TheProblem
• Somecampusunitshavecreatedtheirowndigitalrepositories
• But—nocomprehensive,campus‐widedigitalpreserva2onstrategyorguidelines
• Noins2tu2onalrepository
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DigitalCura2onInternship
• Winter2009
• InternfromUniversityofMichiganSchoolofInforma2on
• Assessedproblemspaceinrela2ontodigitalmul2mediacollec2ons
• Interviewed7units
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DigitalCura2onInternship
• Recommenda2ons– Morecomprehensivesurveyneeded
– Guidanceonbestprac2cesinselec2on,formats,namingconven2ons,metadata
– Beierlong‐termstorageop2ons
– Ins2tu2onalrepository
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TheSolu2on:OriginalDPProposal
• Digitalpreserva2onplanrootedinbestprac2cestoprovidetrustworthystewardshipofdigitalassetsandintellectualproperty
• Collabora2onofMSULibraries,UniversityArchives,andMATRIX
• Toplevelbuy‐in:VPofLibraries,Compu2ngandTechnologyfundingdigitalpreserva2onanalystposi2on
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TheSolu2on:OriginalDPProposal
• Engagingdigitalpreserva2onanalystforoneyear
• Planningteam– Representa2vesfromotherunits
– Monthlymee2ngs
– Buy‐inandrealitycheckbeyondArchives,Libraries,andMATRIX
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OriginalDigitalPreserva2onPlan
• Conductanenvironmentalscanoftheuniversity’sdigitalassets
• SurveyofMSU’sexis2ngdigitalrepositoriesandtechnicalinfrastructure
• Iden2fybestpreserva2on,management,andaccessprac2cesalreadyoncampus
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OriginalDigitalPreserva2onPlan
• Developpolicies,procedures,andworkflowtostandardizeMSU’sapproachtodigitalassetmanagementandpreserva2on
• Explorepoten2alcollabora2onswithotherins2tu2onsandconsor2a—suchasHathiTrust,LOCKSS,CIC
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OverlyAmbi2ous!
• Wouldeventuallyreachsatura2onpointwithbroad,all‐encompassinginventory
• Impossibletocompleteinone‐year2meframe
• Concernoverpercep2onofcrea2onofone‐size‐fitsalldatarepository,lossofcontrolofdigitalassetsatunitlevel
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NewDigitalCura2onPlan
• Campus‐wide,self‐selec2ngsurveyusingweb‐basedques2onnaire
• In‐depthinterviewswithselectunits
• Inventoryandappraisedigitalassetsofselectunits
• Evaluatetechnicalinfrastructures,storageneeds,metadataschemes,andnamingconven2ons
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NewDigitalCura2onPlan
“Stopdiscipliningdataandstartherdingit.”SteveBailey,ManagingtheCrowd
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An2cipatedOutcomes
• Guidelinesforelectronicrecordsappraisal,preferredfileformats,metadata,andfilenamingconven2ons
• Layeredstoragesolu2onandfiletransfermethodologies
• Founda2onfortheestablishmentofanins2tu2onalrepositoryorins2tu2on‐widefedera2onofdigitalrepositories
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Storage
• CentralITsupportsadministra2vebusinesssystems,e‐mail,academicsupportfunc2ons– Pro:Moreefficientmanagementofelectronicrecordsanddigitalassets
• Tradi2onoflocalITstaffmanagingunitsystems
• Pooreconomymeritscloserlookatcentralvs.localIT
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Storage
• CentralITdevelopingvirtualserverenvironmentstolocalunits
• Layeredstorage,avarietyofstoragetypesorlevelstomeetdiverseneeds– Localstorageforfilesoftemporary,short‐termuse
– Permanentlong‐termstorageenvironment,possiblyundercustodianshipoftheArchives
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WhatisDigitalCura2on?
“Digital curation is maintaining and adding valueto a trusted body of digital information for currentand future use… the active management andappraisal of data over the life-cycle of scholarlyand scientific materials.”
DigitalCura2onCentre(www.dcc.ac.uk)
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WhatisDigitalCura2on?
“Implicit ... are the processes of digital archivingand preservation but it also includes all theprocesses needed for good data creation andmanagement, and the capacity to add value todata to generate new sources of information andknowledge.”
DigitalCura2onCentre(www.dcc.ac.uk)
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DigitalCura2onintheZeitgeist!
• Ini2a2vesatotheruniversi2es– PennState,OhioState,Duke,Yale
• Interestinprojectfromotherins2tu2ons– UniversityofUtah,JamesMadison,Smithsonian
• Invita2ontopresentatALAMidwinter
• Invita2ontosubmitjournalar2cle
• ApproachedbyNEHtodevelopproposalwithotherCICins2tu2ons
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BaselineDataQues2onnaire
• Informal,web‐basedsurvey
• Publicizedtopoten2alpar2cipantsthroughITExchange,MSUNews,projectwebsite/blog
• Encouragedpar2cipa2onoftechnologystaffandcontentcreators
• AvailablefortwoweeksinOctober2009
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BaselineDataQues2onnaire
• Typesofdigitalcontent
• Digitalcontentmakinguplargestpercentage
• ApproximatevolumeofdigitalcontentinTB
• Storagemedia
• Fileformats
• Formatsmakinguplargestpercentage
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BaselineDataQues2onnaire
• Onlinestoragecapacityandexpansionplans
• Contentmanagementsystemsused
• Digitalrepositorysouwareused
• Presenceofconfiden2aldata
• Addi2onalcomments
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Ques2onnaireResults
• 90responses– 23academicdepartments
– 31administra2veservicesunits
– 9researchcenters
– 27technologyservicesunits
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Ques2onnaireResults
• Typesofdigitalcontentvariedconsiderably
• Fileformatsvariedconsiderably
• Storagemostlyonharddrives,somecombina2onofremovablemediaandnetworkedstorage
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Ques2onnaireResults
• 17unitsplannedincreaseofstoragecapacity,mostfrom1‐10TB
• SeveralCMSand/ordigitalrepositoryimplementa2ons
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Ques2onnaireResults
• Greatinterestandenthusiasminproject
• Anecdotalcomments– “Accumula2ngmorethanwecanstore!”
– Requestsforguidanceoniden2fyingandhandlingarchive‐worthyfilesat2meofcrea2on
– Howtochoosedigitalassetmanagementsystem
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One‐on‐OneInterviews
• Largeproblemspace—howtobreakdown?
• Decidedtostartbyfocusingonunitswithcontentmanagementsystemsand/ordigitalrepositories
• Informal,two‐hourconversa2onsratherthanformalinterviews
• Heldatunitoffice
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One‐on‐OneInterviews
• Digitalcontent,rela2ontomissionofunit
• Contentthatmustbepreserved– Ofongoinguse
– Archival,documentsac2vityofunitoruniversity
• Fileformats
• Storage,includinganyissues
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One‐on‐OneInterviews
• Contentmanagementsystemand/ordigitalrepository– Systemusedandwhyitwaschosen
– Whatit’susedfor
• Ingest,archivalstorage/preserva2on,accessprocesses
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One‐on‐OneInterviews
• Metadatastoredwithorrelatedtocontent
• Filenamingconven2ons
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One‐on‐OneInterviews
• MSUExtension/AgricultureandNaturalResources(ANR)TechnologyServices– DotNetNuke,SharePoint,IntrafinityPortal(wriienforMSUE)
• Art&ArtHistoryDepartment– Masterimagefilesstoredoffline
– AccessfilesstoredinMDID
– MetadatacatologedusingIRIS
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One‐on‐OneInterviews
• ConfuciusIns2tute– PromotesChineseLanguage/CultureEduca2on
– VersionCue,Subversion(SVN)
• DepartmentofTheatre– 75%digitalphotos,15%CADdrawings
– In‐houseCMSbasedonLAMP
– ResourceSpacedigitalrepository
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One‐on‐OneInterviews
• Broadcas2ngServices
• CenterforResearchonMathema2csandScienceEduca2on(CRMSE)
• TurfgrassInforma2onCenter(TIC)
• MATRIX
• Na2onalSuperconduc2ngCyclotronLaboratory(NSCL)
• PhysicalPlant
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Prototype:UniversityRela2ons
• Publicrela2onsarmofMichiganState
• Holdrecordsofhistoricalvaluetotheuniversity
• Serversburs2ngattheseamswithdigitalphotosandvideo
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UniversityRela2ons:DigitalPhotos
• Hundredsofthousandsofdigitalphotos
• 4.6TBonnetworkedservers
• NikonRAWNEF,TIFF,JPEGformats
• Someembargoesanduserestric2ons
• 21,000imagesindexedinExtensisPorxolio
• 5,100imagespubliclyavailablethroughNetPublishPorxolio
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URDigitalPhotos:Value?
• Someofhistorical/archivalsignificance
• Manyoftemporaryuse/value
• Manyofnocurrentvalue,shouldbedisposedof
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URDigitalPhotos:Cura2onNeeds
• Recordsinventory
• Appraisalofcurrentlyheldfiles– Iden2fypermanentrecordsofarchivalvalue
• Storage– Preserva2onspace/environmentforarchivalmasters
– Publicaccessspacefordatabaseandlowresolu2onfiles
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UniversityRela2ons:DigitalVideo
• MSUTodayshowonBig10Network
• ShotinXDCAMHD
• Showsrun30‐60minutes
• Avid,OpenMediaFramework,QuickTimeformats– Avidforedi2ng
– QuickTimeforaccesscopies
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UniversityRela2ons:DigitalVideo
• 2TBnetworkedstorage
• 6TBnon‐networkedstorage
• 4TBinternalstorageonedi2ngmachines
• 16TB“scratch”storageonAvidUnitnetwork
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UniversityRela2ons:DigitalVideo
• AccessversionsuploadedtoYouTubewithclosedcap2oning
• TapessenttoProvost’soffice
• URkeepstwoeditedversions– Showmaster,includingtextoverlays
– Cleanmaster
• Mostusagewithin6monthsofproduc2on
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URDigitalVideo:Cura2onNeeds
• Preserva2onguidelines,includingformatrecommenda2ons
• Archivalstorage
• Filetransferworkflow
• Abilitytoprovideaccessorreproduceasneeded
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UniversityRela2ons:NextSteps
• Recordsinventoryandappraisal/selec2onguidelines– Meetwithcontentcreatorsandusers
• Storageop2ons
• Custodyandfiletransferworkflows
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Analysis
• Unitsdevelopedsolu2onsthatfitnatureoftheirdata,needsoftheirusers
• Someusingcommercialsouware,someopensource
• Someholdcontentofarchivalvalue,touniversityand/ortheunit
• Needforappraisalandpreserva2onguidelines
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Analysis:TheGood
• Mostunitsbackingupdatainsomefashion
• Manydemonstrategooduseofmetadata
• Manyusingrepositorysouwaretomanagedigitalcontent
• Manyhadgoodaccess/discoveryinterfaces
• Manyhadstrongsupportfrommanagement,stablefunding
• Opentodigitalcura2onguidelines
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Analysis:TheNot‐So‐Good
• Liileemphasison/plansforpreserva2on
• Backups/servermirrorstooclosetoproduc2on
• Somecreateanduseliileornometadata
• Liileinthewayofdigitalcura2onpolicies
• Ques2onofsupport,sustainablefunding
• Culturalandfinancialinter2a
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MetadataComparison
• Inves2gatemetadataapproachesandschemasusedbyprototypeunits
• ComparetoDublinCoremetadataelements
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MetadataComparison
• Sixunitshadmetadatatoshare– MATRIX,Theatre,andMSUExtensionbasedonDublinCore
– Art&ArtHistoryusesIRISdatastandardforcatalogingandmanagementofartimages,metadatabasedonVRACoreandCCO
– PhysicalPlantmetadatafromengineeringcontentmanagementsolu2onusedtomanagefacili2esassets
– TICusesbibliographicindexingtermsinCuadraStarsystem
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DigitalCura2on:NextSteps
• Best/goodprac2cesrecommenda2onsandguidance
• Foster“CommunityofPrac2ce”mee2ngs
• NEHgrantproposal
• Developmentoflayeredstorageplans,includingtransferstoArchives
• Moreappraisalhelp– UniversityRela2ons– Otherunits,especiallythosewithcontenttotransfertoArchives
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DigitalCura2on:NextSteps
• Explora2onofunrepresentedunitswithothertypesofdigitalcontentandcura2onprac2ces
• Three2ers– Cura2onplanforMSUpublica2ons,toincludeinves2ga2onintotheop2onsofcrea2nganins2tu2onalrepositoryorusingCLOCKSSorotherLOCKSS‐baseddistributedpreserva2onsolu2on
– Cura2onguidelinesformaterialthatshouldbetransferredtoArchives
– Cura2onguidelinesfornon‐MSU‐relatedmaterial
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Deliverables&Dissemina2on
• FinalreporttoUniversityforthisphaseofproject
• Projectwebsite:hip://msudcp.archives.msu.edu/
• Presenta2ons– ALAMidwinterMee2ng,January2010
– SAAStudentChapter,SchoolofInforma2on,UniversityofMichigan,March2010
– SAAAnnualMee2ng,August2010
• Publica2ons– LibraryResources&TechnicalServices(LRTS)journalar2cle,dateTBD
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References
• Cox,Richard.“TheAcademicArchivesoftheFuture,”EDUCAUSEReviewMagazine,Volume43,hip://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Review/
• DigitalCura2onCentre(DCC),hip://www.dcc.ac.uk• MichiganStateUniversityArchives&HistoricalCollec2ons,
hip://www.archives.msu.edu/
• MichiganStateUniversityDigitalCura2onPlanningProject,hip://msudcp.archives.msu.edu/
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